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Chettri D, Chirania M, Boro D, Verma AK. Glycoconjugates: Advances in modern medicines and human health. Life Sci 2024; 348:122689. [PMID: 38710281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Glycans and their glycoconjugates are complex biomolecules that are crucial for various biological processes. Glycoconjugates are found in all domains of life. They are covalently linked to key biomolecules such as proteins and lipids to play a pivotal role in cell signaling, adhesion, and recognition. The diversity of glycan structures and the associated complexity of glycoconjugates is the reason for their role in intricate biosynthetic pathways. Glycoconjugates play an important role in various diseases where they are actively involved in the immune response as well as in the pathogenicity of infectious diseases. In addition, various autoimmune diseases have been linked to glycosylation defects of different biomolecules, making them an important molecule in the field of medicine. The glycoconjugates have been explored for the development of therapeutics and vaccines, representing a breakthrough in medical science. They also hold significance in research studies to understand the mechanisms behind various biological processes. Finally, glycoconjugates have found an emerging role in various industrial and environmental applications which have been discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Manisha Chirania
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Deepjyoti Boro
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim 737102, India.
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Pieper D, Hellbrecht I, Zhao L, Baur C, Pick G, Schneider S, Harder T, Young K, Tricco AC, Westhaver E, Tunis M. Impact of industry sponsorship on the quality of systematic reviews of vaccines: a cross-sectional analysis of studies published from 2016 to 2019. Syst Rev 2022; 11:174. [PMID: 35996186 PMCID: PMC9395849 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews (SRs) provide the highest level of evidence and inform evidence-based decision making in health care. Earlier studies found association with industry to be negatively associated with methodological quality of SRs. However, this has not been investigated in SRs on vaccines. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search using MEDLINE and EMBASE in March 2020. The results were restricted to those published between 2016 and 2019 with no language restrictions. Study characteristics were extracted by one person and checked by an experienced reviewer. The methodological quality of the SRs was assessed with the AMSTAR 2 tool by multiple reviewers after a calibration exercise was performed. A summary score for each SR was calculated. The Mann-Whitney U test and Fisher's exact test were performed to compare both groups. RESULTS Out of 185 SRs that met all inclusion criteria, 27 SRs were industry funded. Those were matched with 30 non-industry funded SRs resulting in a total sample size of 57. The mean AMSTAR 2 summary score across all SRs was 0.49. Overall, the median AMSTAR 2 summary score was higher for the non-industry funded SRs than for the industry-funded SRs (0.62 vs. 0.36; p < .00001). Lower ratings for industry funded SRs were consistent across all but one AMSTAR 2 item, though significantly lower only for three specific items. CONCLUSION The methodological quality of SRs in vaccination is comparable to SRs in other fields, while it is still suboptimal. We are not able to provide a satisfactory explanation why industry funded SRs had a lower methodological quality than non-industry funded SRs over recent years. Industry funding is an important indicator of methodological quality for vaccine SRs and should be carefully considered when appraising SR quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Pieper
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Evidence-Based Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, building 38, 51109, Cologne, Germany. .,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School (Theodor Fontane), Institute for Health Services and Health System Research, Rüdersdorf, Germany. .,Center for Health Services Research, Brandenburg Medical School (Theodor Fontane), Rüdersdorf, Germany.
| | - Irma Hellbrecht
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Evidence-Based Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, building 38, 51109, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Linlu Zhao
- Health Canada and Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clemens Baur
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Evidence-Based Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, building 38, 51109, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georgia Pick
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Evidence-Based Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, building 38, 51109, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Schneider
- Institute for Research in Operative Medicine, Evidence-Based Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, building 38, 51109, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Health Economics and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Kelsey Young
- Health Canada and Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea C Tricco
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Epidemiology Division of the Dalla Lana School of Public Health and the Institute for Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Queen's Collaboration for Health Care Quality Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, School of Nursing, Queen's University, Kingsto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ella Westhaver
- Health Canada and Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Tunis
- Health Canada and Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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