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Scott S, Cahoon EB, Busta L. Variation on a theme: the structures and biosynthesis of specialized fatty acid natural products in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:954-965. [PMID: 35749584 PMCID: PMC9546235 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants are able to construct lineage-specific natural products from a wide array of their core metabolic pathways. Considerable progress has been made toward documenting and understanding, for example, phenylpropanoid natural products derived from phosphoenolpyruvate via the shikimate pathway, terpenoid compounds built using isopentyl pyrophosphate, and alkaloids generated by the extensive modification of amino acids. By comparison, natural products derived from fatty acids have received little attention, except for unusual fatty acids in seed oils and jasmonate-like oxylipins. However, scattered but numerous reports show that plants are able to generate many structurally diverse compounds from fatty acids, including some with highly elaborate and unique structural features that have novel bioproduct functionalities. Furthermore, although recent work has shed light on multiple new fatty acid natural product biosynthesis pathways and products in diverse plant species, these discoveries have not been reviewed. The aims of this work, therefore, are to (i) review and systematize our current knowledge of the structures and biosynthesis of fatty acid-derived natural products that are not seed oils or jasmonate-type oxylipins, specifically, polyacetylenic, very-long-chain, and aromatic fatty acid-derived natural products, and (ii) suggest priorities for future investigative steps that will bring our knowledge of fatty acid-derived natural products closer to the levels of knowledge that we have attained for other phytochemical classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Scott
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota DuluthDuluth55812MNUSA
| | - Edgar B. Cahoon
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincoln68588NEUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of Nebraska LincolnLincoln68588NEUSA
| | - Lucas Busta
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Minnesota DuluthDuluth55812MNUSA
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Pedrazzani C, Vanara F, Bhandari DR, Bruni R, Spengler B, Blandino M, Righetti L. 5- n-Alkylresorcinol Profiles in Different Cultivars of Einkorn, Emmer, Spelt, Common Wheat, and Tritordeum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14092-14102. [PMID: 34793147 PMCID: PMC8640985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
5-n-Alkylresorcinols (AR) are bioactive compounds found in the edible parts of many cereals. Here, saturated and unsaturated homologues, including the oxidized forms 5-(2'-oxo) AR and their plant metabolites, were profiled by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility separation-high-resolution mass spectrometry in 18 cultivars of einkorn, emmer, spelt, common wheat, and tritordeum, cultivated in two consecutive years under uniform agronomic conditions. The average content of AR ranged between 672.5 ± 129.8 and 1408.9 ± 528.0 mg/kg, exceeding 2380 mg/kg in some samples and highlighting a superior content in tritordeum and in modern cultivars with respect to old wheat genotypes. By evaluating the effect of environmental and agronomic factors on the different variables, the harvest year resulted to be always significant, while location and variety influenced AR abundance only for some homologues. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of AR was investigated by mass spectrometry imaging using transversal cross sections of wheat kernels. Our results show that AR homologues are mainly localized in the testa and in the outer pericarp of wheat kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pedrazzani
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Francesca Vanara
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Dhaka Ram Bhandari
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus
Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Renato Bruni
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Bernhard Spengler
- Institute
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus
Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Massimo Blandino
- Department
of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, Grugliasco 10095, Italy
| | - Laura Righetti
- Department
of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, Parma 43124, Italy
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Choi BK, Phan THT, Hwang S, Oh DC, Kang JS, Lee HS, Ngo TDN, Tran TTV, Shin HJ. Resorcinosides A and B, Glycosylated Alkylresorcinols from a Marine-Derived Strain of the Fungus Penicillium janthinellum. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:3186-3190. [PMID: 31668073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two new glycosylated alkylresorcinols, resorcinosides A (1) and B (2), were isolated from a strain of the fungus Penicillium janthinellum derived from a marine sediment sample collected from Cu Lao Cham Island, Vietnam. The structures of 1 and 2 were established by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and high-resolution ESIMS data, and their absolute configurations were confirmed by the coupling constant of the anomeric proton, acid hydrolysis, subsequent HPLC analysis, Mosher's method, and quantum-mechanics-based computational analysis of NMR chemical shifts. The structure elucidation indicated that 1 and 2 are new alkylresorcinols with d-glucose, and 2 has an α-pyrone moiety attached to the aromatic ring. Compound 1 exhibited cytotoxic activity against the NUGC-3 cancer cell line with a GI50 value of 9.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeoung-Kyu Choi
- Department of Marine Biotechnology , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajungro Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) , 385 Haeyang-ro , Yeoungdo-gu, Busan 49111 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Hoai Trinh Phan
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 02 Hung Vuong , Nha Trang 650000 , Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet , Cau Giay , Ha Noi 100000 , Vietnam
| | - Sunghoon Hwang
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Chan Oh
- Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy , Seoul National University , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soon Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center , Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology , 30 Yeongudanjiro , Cheongju 28116 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Sun Lee
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) , 385 Haeyang-ro , Yeoungdo-gu, Busan 49111 , Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Duy Ngoc Ngo
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 02 Hung Vuong , Nha Trang 650000 , Vietnam
| | - Thi Thanh Van Tran
- Nha Trang Institute of Technology Research and Application , Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 02 Hung Vuong , Nha Trang 650000 , Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet , Cau Giay , Ha Noi 100000 , Vietnam
| | - Hee Jae Shin
- Department of Marine Biotechnology , University of Science and Technology (UST) , 217 Gajungro Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory , Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST) , 385 Haeyang-ro , Yeoungdo-gu, Busan 49111 , Republic of Korea
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