1
|
Cheng H, Yang C, Ge P, Liu Y, Zafar MM, Hu B, Zhang T, Luo Z, Lu S, Zhou Q, Jaleel A, Ren M. Genetic diversity, clinical uses, and phytochemical and pharmacological properties of safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.): an important medicinal plant. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374680. [PMID: 38799156 PMCID: PMC11127628 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), a member of the Asteraceae family, is widely used in traditional herbal medicine. This review summarized agronomic conditions, genetic diversity, clinical application, and phytochemicals and pharmacological properties of safflower. The genetic diversity of the plant is rich. Abundant in secondary metabolites like flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, fatty acids, polyacetylene, and other bioactive components, the medicinal plant is effective for treating cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and respiratory diseases. Especially, Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYSA) has a variety of pharmacological effects. In terms of treatment and prevention of some space sickness in space travel, safflower could be a potential therapeutic agent. Further studies are still required to support the development of safflower in medicine. Our review indicates that safflower is an important medicinal plant and research prospects regarding safflower are very broad and worthy of further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cheng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenglong Yang
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengliang Ge
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Muhammad Mubashar Zafar
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Beibei Hu
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Chengdu Florascape Technology Service Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Zengchun Luo
- Chengdu Florascape Technology Service Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Chengdu Florascape Technology Service Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Chengdu Florascape Technology Service Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Abdul Jaleel
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maozhi Ren
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu National Agricultural Science and Technology Center, Chengdu, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aanisah N, Sulistiawati S, Djabir YY, Asri RM, Sumarheni S, Chabib L, Hamzah H, Permana AD. Development of Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-Loaded Polymeric Hydrogels Containing Antioxidant and Photoprotective Bioactive Compounds of Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) for Improved Skin Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:1838-1851. [PMID: 36701815 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a potent natural antioxidant because of active compounds such as quercetin (QU) and luteolin (LU). These components prevent damage to the skin caused by free radicals from UV rays. However, due to the poor solubility and transdermal permeation, the effectiveness of the compounds in showing their activity was limited. In this study, we develop solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN)-based hydrogel formulations to enhance the solubility and penetration of two bioactive compounds found in safflower petals extract (SPE). The hot emulsification-ultrasonication method was used to produce SLNs, and to obtain high antioxidant activity, 100% v/v ethanol was used in the extraction procedure. The results showed that this approach could encapsulate >80% of both QU and LU. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) spectra indicated that most of the QU and LU were trapped in a lipid matrix and dispersed homogeneously at the molecular level, increasing the solubility. Additionally, SLN-hydrogel composites are able to release two lipophilic bioactive compounds for 24 h, which also demonstrated increased skin retention and penetrability of the QU and LU up to 19-fold. In vitro blood biocompatibility showed that no hemolytic toxicity was observed below 500 μg/mL. Accordingly, the formulation was considered safe for use. Sun protective factor (SPF) test shows a value above 15, showing an excellent promising application as the photoprotective agent to prevent symptoms associated with photoinduced skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuur Aanisah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Tadulako University, Palu94118, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | - Lutfi Chabib
- Department of Pharmacy, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta55584, Indonesia
| | - Hasyrul Hamzah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda75124, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar90245, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bhat IUH, Bhat R. Quercetin: A Bioactive Compound Imparting Cardiovascular and Neuroprotective Benefits: Scope for Exploring Fresh Produce, Their Wastes, and By-Products. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:586. [PMID: 34206761 PMCID: PMC8301140 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin, a bioactive secondary metabolite, holds incredible importance in terms of bioactivities, which has been proved by in vivo and in vitro studies. The treatment of cardiovascular and neurological diseases by quercetin has been extensively investigated over the past decade. Quercetin is present naturally in appreciable amounts in fresh produce (fruits and vegetables). However, today, corresponding to the growing population and global demand for fresh fruits and vegetables, a paradigm shift and focus is laid towards exploring industrial food wastes and/or byproducts as a new resource to obtain bioactive compounds such as quercetin. Based on the available research reports over the last decade, quercetin has been suggested as a reliable therapeutic candidate for either treating or alleviating health issues, mainly those of cardiovascular and neurological diseases. In the present review, we have summarized some of the critical findings and hypotheses of quercetin from the available databases foreseeing its future use as a potential therapeutic agent to treat cardiovascular and neurological diseases. It is anticipated that this review will be a potential reference material for future research activities to be undertaken on quercetin obtained from fresh produce as well as their respective processing wastes/byproducts that rely on the circular concept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ul Haq Bhat
- ERA-Chair for Food (By-) Products Valorisation Technologies (VALORTECH), Estonian University of Life Sciences, 51006 Tartu, Estonia;
| | | |
Collapse
|