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Harman RM, Das SP, Bartlett AP, Rauner G, Donahue LR, Van de Walle GR. Beyond tradition and convention: benefits of non-traditional model organisms in cancer research. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2020; 40:47-69. [PMID: 33111160 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09930-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional laboratory model organisms are indispensable for cancer research and have provided insight into numerous mechanisms that contribute to cancer development and progression in humans. However, these models do have some limitations, most notably related to successful drug translation, because traditional model organisms are often short-lived, small-bodied, genetically homogeneous, often immunocompromised, are not exposed to natural environments shared with humans, and usually do not develop cancer spontaneously. We propose that assimilating information from a variety of long-lived, large, genetically diverse, and immunocompetent species that live in natural environments and do develop cancer spontaneously (or do not develop cancer at all) will lead to a more comprehensive understanding of human cancers. These non-traditional model organisms can also serve as sentinels for environmental risk factors that contribute to human cancers. Ultimately, expanding the range of animal models that can be used to study cancer will lead to improved insights into cancer development, progression and metastasis, tumor microenvironment, as well as improved therapies and diagnostics, and will consequently reduce the negative impacts of the wide variety of cancers afflicting humans overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Harman
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sanjna P Das
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Arianna P Bartlett
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gat Rauner
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Leanne R Donahue
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Gerlinde R Van de Walle
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Skobowiat C, Brożyna AA, Janjetovic Z, Saowanee J, Oak AS, Kim TK, Panich U, Reiter RJ, Slominski AT. Melatonin and its derivatives counteract the ultraviolet B radiation-induced damage in human and porcine skin ex vivo. J Pineal Res 2018; 65:e12501. [PMID: 29702749 PMCID: PMC6105533 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin and its derivatives (N1 -acetyl-N2 -formyl-5-methoxykynurenine [AFMK] and N-acetyl serotonin [NAS]) have broad-spectrum protective effects against photocarcinogenesis, including both direct and indirect antioxidative actions, regulation of apoptosis and DNA damage repair; these data were primarily derived from in vitro models. This study evaluates possible beneficial effects of melatonin and its active derivatives against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced harm to human and porcine skin ex vivo and to cultured HaCaT cells. The topical application of melatonin, AFMK, or NAS protected epidermal cells against UVB-induced 8-OHdG formation and apoptosis with a further increase in p53ser15 expression, especially after application of melatonin or AFMK but not after NAS use. The photoprotective action was observed in pre- and post-UVB treatment in both human and porcine models. Melatonin along with its derivatives upregulated also the expression of antioxidative enzymes after UVB radiation of HaCaT cells. The exogenous application of melatonin or its derivatives represents a potent and promising tool for preventing UVB-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. This protection results in improved genomic, cellular, and tissue integrity against UVB-induced carcinogenesis, especially when applied prior to UV exposure. In addition, our ex vivo experiments provide fundamental justification for further testing the clinical utility of melatonin and metabolites as protectors again UVB in human subjects. Our ex vivo data constitute the bridge between vitro to vivo translation and thus justifies the pursue for further clinical utility of melatonin in maintaining skin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Skobowiat
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun,
Poland
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer
Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,
USA
| | - Anna A. Brożyna
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre -
Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Faculty of Health
Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer
Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,
USA
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer
Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,
USA
| | - Jeayeng Saowanee
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Allen S.W. Oak
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer
Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,
USA
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer
Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,
USA
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,
Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Russel J. Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health, San
Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Andrzej T. Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer
Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL,
USA
- Laboratory Service of the VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL,
USA
- Corresponding author: Andrzej T. Slominski MD, PhD;
Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue
S. VH 476C, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Phone: 205.934.5245; Fax: 205.934.5766;
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Kozłowska A, Mikołajczyk A, Majewski M. Neurochemical difference between somato- and viscero-projecting sensory neurons in the pig. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 94:8-20. [PMID: 30098395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The chemical coding of porcine somato (skin)- and viscero (urinary bladder)-projecting sensory neurons have been studied and compared using immunohistochemistry. Cell bodies of skin and bladder afferents were identified following Fast Blue injections into the skin of the hind leg as well as into wall of the urinary bladder, respectively. Immunohistochemistry revealed that small and medium-sized neurons projecting to both skin and bladder contained all of the studied substances i.e. substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related pepide (CGRP), transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1), lectin from Bandeiraea simplicifolia - Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (IB4) and galanin (GAL). Moreover, small-sized sensory neurons projecting to the bladder and skin of hind leg showed predominantly immunoreactivity to SP and TRPV1 and CGRP, as well as to CGRP and TRPV1 and IB4. It is worth stressing that the subset of sensory neurons innervating the skin exhibited these substances more often than bladder-projecting neurons. In addition, medium-sized skin-projecting neurons contained SP/GAL; SP/CGRP and CGRP/IB4 much more often than their bladder counterparts. On the other hand, small-sized perikarya that innervate the skin were less frequently expressed TRPV1, CGRP and GAL than the bladder-projecting neurons. In conclusion, the present report describes, for the first time, significant differences in the chemical coding between somato- and viscero-projecting sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia. Moreover, these results provide morphological basis for further functional studies, which may explain the exact roles played by various subpopulations of somato- and viscero-projecting sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kozłowska
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anita Mikołajczyk
- Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Majewski
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland.
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Le M, McNeill FE, Seymour C, Rainbow AJ, Mothersill CE. An Observed Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation Emitted from Beta-Irradiated HaCaT Cells upon Non-Beta-Irradiated Bystander Cells. Radiat Res 2015; 183:279-90. [DOI: 10.1667/rr13827.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Le
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Fiona E. McNeill
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Andrew J. Rainbow
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
| | - Carmel E. Mothersill
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4L8
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Bacqueville D, Mavon A. Comparative analysis of solar radiation-induced cellular damage betweenex vivoporcine skin organ culture andin vitroreconstructed human epidermis. Int J Cosmet Sci 2009; 31:293-302. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2009.00506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Brozyna A, Wasilewska K, Wesierska K, Chwirot BW. Porcine skin as a model system for studies of adverse effects of narrow-band UVB pulses on human skin. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2009; 72:789-795. [PMID: 19557606 DOI: 10.1080/15287390902800363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been widely used in medicine, and in recent years there has been a growing interest in narrow-band UVB therapies, especially those employing pulses of the 308-nm line of XeCl excimer lasers. Comparative studies in several skin pathologies showed that narrow-band UVB was more effective than classical broad-band UVB radiation. Simultaneously, UVB is carcinogenic and there is a need for data to establish the risk associated with phototherapies involving irradiations of human skin with different doses of narrow- and broad-band UVA and/or UVB radiation. Relevant data are sparse predominantly due to a lack of suitable model systems for study of this phenomenon. Our comparative study of human and porcine skin responses to pulses of narrow-band UVB radiation demonstrated that for doses ranging from 5 to 10,000 mJ/cm(2) both skin types have similar susceptibility to UVB-induced breaking of nuclear DNA, indicating that pig skin might serve as good model for studies of sensitivity of human skin to UVB radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brozyna
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of General and Molecular Biology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Bacqueville D, Mavon A. Caspase-3 Activation and DNA Damage in Pig Skin Organ Culture After Solar Irradiation. Photochem Photobiol 2008; 84:1164-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Karande P, Jain A, Arora A, Ho MJ, Mitragotri S. Synergistic effects of chemical enhancers on skin permeability: a case study of sodium lauroylsarcosinate and sorbitan monolaurate. Eur J Pharm Sci 2007; 31:1-7. [PMID: 17368869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2007.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 12/11/2006] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Certain mixtures of chemicals are known to synergistically enhance skin permeability to drugs. Here, we report on the transport enhancing properties of mixtures of an anionic surfactant, sodium lauroylsarcosinate (NLS) and a non-ionic surfactant, sorbitan monolaurate (S20) in 1:1 phosphate buffered saline (PBS):ethanol (EtOH) solvent. Effect of 44 different compositions of NLS:S20 on skin constituents was probed by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy while behavior of surfactant molecules in the solvent system was probed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. No aggregation of NLS or S20 alone was observed in 1:1 PBS:EtOH at all concentrations studied (0-2%, w/v). However, mixtures of NLS and S20 resulted in micelle-like aggregates at certain specific compositions. Interestingly, compositions with increased aggregation showed resemblance to those that exhibited highest skin permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Karande
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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