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Lee R, Lee WY, Park HJ. Diuron-induced fetal Leydig cell dysfunction in in vitro organ cultured fetal testes. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 123:108497. [PMID: 37949197 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Diuron is a phenylurea herbicide widely used in the agricultural industry. In recent years, the risk of infertility and developmental defects has increased due to exposure to environmental pollutants. In this study, we investigated the toxicity of diuron in fetal mouse testes using three-dimensional organ cultures. Fetal testes derived from embryonic day (E) 14.5 were cultured with 200 µM diuron for 5 days. The results revealed that diuron did not impair fetal germ cell proliferation or the expression levels of germ cell markers such as Ddx4, Dazl, Oct 4, Nanog, Plzf, and TRA 98. Similarly, the gene or protein expression of the Sertoli cell markers Sox9 and Wt1 in diuron-exposed fetal testes did not change after 5 days of culture. In contrast, diuron increased fetal Leydig cell markers (FLC), Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, Thbs2, and Pdgf α, and decreased adult Leydig cell (ALC) markers, Sult1e1, Hsd173, Ptgds, and Vcam1. However, 3-βHSD, an FLC and ALC marker, was consistently maintained upon exposure to diuron in fetal testes compared to non-treated groups. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that diuron negatively impacts Fetal Leydig cell development, although it does not affect germ and Sertoli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonbuk 54874, Republic of Korea; Department of Animal Biotechnology, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Livestock, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonbuk 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jung Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Sangji University, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26339, Republic of Korea.
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El-Nahhal Y. Pesticide residues in honey and their potential reproductive toxicity. Sci Total Environ 2020; 741:139953. [PMID: 32599396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Honey is the sweet natural substance produced by honeybees. It may be contaminated with pesticide residues due to its intensive use. Almost no reviews have addressed pesticide residues in honey, calculated a hazard index or discussed their potential reproductive toxicity. The focus of this article is primarily to summarize advances in research related to pesticide residues, estimate daily intake of pesticide residues from consuming honey only and discuss the potential reproductive toxicity associated with those residues. The results showed that 92 pesticide residues were found in honey samples from 27 countries. Six residues belong to class IA toxicity, eight residues belong to class IB toxicity, 42 residues belong to class II, 35 residues belong to class III and one residue belong to class IV toxicity. The calculated hazard indices (HIs) suggest high potential health risk by consuming honey. In addition, residues found in honey are known to impair semen quality among exposed individuals and experimental animal models. In conclusion, consumption of honey as one of many food items contaminated with pesticide residues may induce male and female reproductive toxicity in consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser El-Nahhal
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Science, The Islamic University-Gaza, Palestine.
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Maciel MD, Inocêncio LCL, Rechsteiner MS, Jorge BC, Balin PDS, Kassuya RM, Heredia-Vieira SC, Cardoso CAL, Vieira MDC, Kassuya CAL, Arena AC. Effects of exposure to ethanolic extract from Achyrocline satureioides (Lam.) D.C. flowers on reproductive and developmental parameters in Wistar rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2019; 82:321-330. [PMID: 30940006 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1593904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Achyrocline satureioides (LAM) D.C. is a species plant used in folk medicine with several medicinal properties; however, few studies have focused on its potential adverse effects. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of ethanolic extract of A. satureioides flowers administered during pre-mating, mating, pregnancy and postpartum period on reproductive and developmental parameters in rats. Male and female rats received by gavage 0, 250, 500 or 750 mg/kg of extract. The animals were treated from pre-mating until 13 days post-partum. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of important flavonoids (quercetin, luteolin, caffeic acid, rutin, and ferulic acid). In females, biochemical, hematological or gestational parameters were not markedly altered by the extract. However, an increase in calcium and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels was found in treated-dams. Although TSH and T4 levels were not significantly altered in pups, there was a rise in body weight of pups whose mothers were treated with the extract. All males treated were able to successfully copulate with treated-females. However, rats exposed to 500 and 750 mg/kg of extract exhibited a significant decrease in daily testicular sperm production and delay in sperm transit time in the epididymis. The ethanolic extract of A. satureioides flowers produced adverse effects in the male reproductive system as evidenced by diminished sperm production and transport. In addition, the extract elevated TSH levels of exposed mothers which may consequently affect the development of pups but this requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Dias Maciel
- a School of Health Sciences , Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados , Mato Grosso do Sul State , Brazil
| | - Leonardo Cesar Lima Inocêncio
- b Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP -São Paulo State University Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Mayra Schmidt Rechsteiner
- b Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP -São Paulo State University Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Barbara Campos Jorge
- b Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP -São Paulo State University Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Paola da Silva Balin
- b Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP -São Paulo State University Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Roberto Mikio Kassuya
- a School of Health Sciences , Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados , Mato Grosso do Sul State , Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Andrea Lima Cardoso
- d Center of Studies on Natural Resources , Mato Grosso do Sul State University (UEMS) , Dourados , Mato Grosso do Sul State , Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Vieira
- a School of Health Sciences , Federal University of Grande Dourados , Dourados , Mato Grosso do Sul State , Brazil
| | | | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- b Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, UNESP -São Paulo State University Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
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Mohammed AM, Karttunen V, Huuskonen P, Huovinen M, Auriola S, Vähäkangas K. Transplacental transfer and metabolism of diuron in human placenta. Toxicol Lett 2018; 295:307-13. [PMID: 30010034 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diuron is a broad-spectrum phenylurea derived herbicide which is commonly used across the globe. Diuron is toxic to the reproductive system of animals and carcinogenic to rat urothelium, and recently found to be genotoxic in human cells. In in vivo, it is metabolized predominately into 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl urea (DCPMU) in humans and 3-(3, 4-dichlorophenyl)urea (DCPU) in animals. Information on diuron toxicokinetics and related toxicity in human placenta is absent. We have investigated the toxicokinetics of diuron in ex vivo human placental perfusion and in in vitro human placental microsomes and human trophoblastic cancer cells (BeWo). Diuron crossed human placenta readily in placental perfusion. Furthermore, diuron was metabolized into DCPMU in perfused placenta and in in vitro incubations using microsomes from placentas of smokers. In incubations with placental microsomes from non-smokers, and in BeWo cells, metabolism to DCPMU was detected but only with the highest used diuron concentration (100 μM). Diuron metabolism was inhibited upon addition of α-naphthoflavone, a CYP1A1 inhibitor, underscoring the role of CYP1A1 in the metabolism. In conclusion, it is evident that diuron crosses human placenta and diuron can be metabolized in the placenta to a toxic metabolite via CYP1A1. This implicates in vivo fetal exposure to diuron if pregnant women are exposed to diuron, which may result in fetotoxicity.
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de Barros AL, Rosa JL, Cavariani MM, Borges CS, Villela e Silva P, Bae JH, Anselmo-Franci JA, Cristina Arena A. In utero and lactational exposure to fipronil in female rats: Pregnancy outcomes and sexual development. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; 79:266-73. [PMID: 27074097 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2016.1149132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil, a phenylpyrazole insecticide, is used in agriculture, veterinary medicine, and public health. Because this insecticide is considered a potential endocrine disruptor, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of perinatal exposure to fipronil on neonatal female reproductive system development. Pregnant rats were exposed (via gavage) daily to fipronil (0.03, 0.3, or 3 mg/kg) from gestational day 15 to day 7 after birth, and effects on the reproductive functions assessed on postnatal day (PND) 22. No signs of maternal toxicity were observed during daily treatment with fipronil. Perinatal exposure to the highest dose of fipronil (3 mg/kg) delayed the age of vaginal opening (VO) and first estrus without markedly affecting the anogenital distance (AGD). Further, exposure to 0.3 mg/kg fipronil produced a significantly shorter estrus cycle and reduced number of cycles during the period of evaluation. However, the other reproductive parameters analyzed, including fertility, hormone levels, sexual behavior, and histology of ovaries and uterus, displayed no marked alterations. In this experimental model, fipronil interfered with development of neonatal female reproductive system as evidenced by delay in VO and estrus cycle alterations without apparent significant effects on fertility. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms of action associated with the observed female reproductive system changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lima de Barros
- a Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Josiane Lima Rosa
- a Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Marília Martins Cavariani
- a Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Cibele Santos Borges
- a Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Patrícia Villela e Silva
- a Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Julie Heejoo Bae
- a Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- b Department of Physiology , Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP) , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Arielle Cristina Arena
- a Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP)-Botucatu , São Paulo State , Brazil
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Rosa JDL, Cavariani MM, Borges CDS, Leite GAA, Anselmo-Franci JA, Kempinas WDG. Lack of Reproductive Toxicity in Adult Male Rats Exposed to Interferon-Alpha. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2015; 78:1288-1298. [PMID: 26488366 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2015.1083518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-alpha (IFN- α), a type I IFN, is a protein with antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunoregulatory activities, widely used in the treatment of several types of cancers as well as hepatitis B and C. Decrease of libido and erectile dysfunction are commonly reported by male patients during treatment of chronic hepatitis C with IFN- α . However, IFN therapy-associated underlying factors attributed to sexual dysfunction are still not well defined. Currently, there are few studies investigating the effects of IFN on male reproductive system functions. Given that, the aim of the present investigation was to examine effects of subchronic exposure to IFN- α (5 × 10(4) U/kg and 10 × 10(4) U/kg, 30 d) on serum hormones, sperm parameters, fertility, and testicular and epididymal hystopathology and morphometry in adult male Wistar rats. None of the evaluated parameters was markedly altered by IFN- α . Thus, our results suggest that exposure to IFN- α , in this experimental design, did not adversely affect sperm quality and fertile capacity of male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiane de Lima Rosa
- a Laboratory of Biology and Toxicology of Reproduction and Development, Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marilia Martins Cavariani
- a Laboratory of Biology and Toxicology of Reproduction and Development, Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Cibele dos Santos Borges
- a Laboratory of Biology and Toxicology of Reproduction and Development, Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- a Laboratory of Biology and Toxicology of Reproduction and Development, Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- b Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry , USP-Universidade de São Paulo , Ribeirão Preto , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- a Laboratory of Biology and Toxicology of Reproduction and Development, Department of Morphology , Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista , Botucatu , São Paulo , Brazil
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Huovinen M, Loikkanen J, Naarala J, Vähäkangas K. Toxicity of diuron in human cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:1577-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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8
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Andretta RR, Okada FK, Paccola CC, Stumpp T, de Oliva SU, Miraglia SM. Carbamazepine-exposure during gestation and lactation affects pubertal onset and spermatic parameters in male pubertal offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 44:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chung BY, Kyung M, Lim SK, Choi SM, Lim DS, Kwack SJ, Kim HS, Lee BM. Uterotrophic and Hershberger assays for endocrine disruption properties of plastic food contact materials polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). J Toxicol Environ Health A 2013; 76:624-634. [PMID: 23862761 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.801767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plasticizers or plastic materials such as phthalates, bisphenol-A (BPA), and styrene are widely used in the plastic industry and are suspected endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC). Although plastic materials such as polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are not EDC and are considered to be safe, their potential properties as EDC have not been fully investigated. In this study, plastic samples eluted from plastic food containers (PP or PET) were investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats using Hershberger and uterotrophic assays. In the Hershberger assay, 6-wk-old castrated male rats were orally treated for 10 consecutive days with plastic effluent at 3 different doses (5 ml/kg) or vehicle control (corn oil, 1 ml/100 g) to determine the presence of both anti-androgenic and androgenic effects. Testosterone (0.4 mg/ml/kg) was subcutaneously administered for androgenic evaluation as a positive control, whereas testosterone (0.4 mg/ml/kg) and flutamide (3 mg/kg/day) were administered to a positive control group for anti-androgenic evaluation. The presence of any anti-androgenic or androgenic activities of plastic effluent was not detected. Sex accessory tissues such as ventral prostate or seminal vesicle showed no significant differences in weight between treated and control groups. For the uterotrophic assay, immature female rats were treated with plastic effluent at three different doses (5 ml/kg), with vehicle control (corn oil, 1 ml/100 g), or with ethinyl estradiol (3 μg/kg/d) for 3 d. There were no significant differences between test and control groups in vagina or uterine weight. Data suggest that effluents from plastic food containers do not appear to produce significant adverse effects according to Hershberger and uterotrophic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu Young Chung
- Division of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Gyeonggi-Do, Suwon, South Korea
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