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Campbell R, Dewan S. Organizational Facilitation of Latino Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Impact of COVID-19. Health Equity 2023; 7:722-730. [PMID: 38025653 PMCID: PMC10664556 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2022.0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Continued high opioid overdose death rates in the United States and increasing New York State (NYS) Latino opioid overdoses make the facilitation of Latino access to NYS substance use disorder (SUD) treatment essential. SUD treatment facilities in NYS sustained an estimated 37% decrease in Latino enrollment during phase one of the pandemic. This study invited NYS SUD service providers to describe ways in which SUD organizations facilitated Latino SUD treatment prior to and during phase one of the pandemic. Methods Using an individual and community interaction framework of vulnerability and a description of organizational enabling resources in four domains, this study used a cross-sectional descriptive design to investigate the levels of organizational facilitators for Latino SUD treatment access and the impact of the pandemic on these organizational facilitators. A convenience sample of 470 NYS SUD clinicians participated in the study. Results The outcomes suggest an overall erosion of organizational enabling resources during the pandemic. Erosion was greatest in areas with a higher Latino population density in the domains of insured/immigration/legal information and culture. A pattern of strengthening resources in areas with lower Latino population density in the domains of language and telehealth access has defied the overall pattern of deterioration. The increase in telehealth did not cross the digital divide to stop the decrease in Latino enrollment and did not compensate for the overall erosion of access facilitators. Conclusions The overall outcomes suggest opportunities to explore local variations in resource health. Recommendations to improve health equity include the use of participatory research to assess community needs and the implementation of community partnerships to address systemic barriers and rebuild equitable addiction services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Campbell
- Connections Counseling PLLC, New Paltz, New York, USA
| | - Smita Dewan
- Department of Human Services, NYC College of Technology, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Grindal M, Admire A, Carkin DM, Nieri T. Gender and substance use among Latinx college students: An application of social structure social learning theory. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37933886 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2271873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Social structure social learning theory (SSSL) is a theoretical framework that has been used to understand gender differences in substance use. However, the Latinx community remains understudied in this body of research. Drawing on a Latinx college student sample, we tested the extent to which four social learning mechanisms specified by SSSL theory (positive definitions, neutralizing definitions, differential association, and differential reinforcement) explained gender differences in three substance use outcomes: alcohol intoxication, marijuana use, and illicit prescription drug use. We found that men reported greater levels of all three substance use outcomes, and that the social learning mechanisms mediated between 24% to 44% of these gender effects. We also found some evidence that the effects of differential association and differential reinforcement were stronger for men than women, suggesting that women may exhibit greater resilience when exposed to peer influence. We discuss the implications for SSSL theory and the study of substance use and gender differences in substance use among Latinx populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Grindal
- Department of Culture, Society, and Justice, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho
| | - Amanda Admire
- Office of Institutional Research, Chaffey College, Rancho Cucamonga, California
| | | | - Tanya Nieri
- Department of Sociology, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California
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Trang DT, Yates TM. Latina mothers' cultural orientation and child self-esteem: The mediating role of cultural socialization. FAMILY PROCESS 2023; 62:1114-1133. [PMID: 36175108 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal investigation evaluated parental cultural socialization practices as a central mechanism by which parents' cultural values influence developmental outcomes in ethnic-racial minority children. Drawing on a sample of 129 Latina mothers and their children (48.1% daughters and 51.9% sons), path analyses evaluated hypothesized individual and interactive contributions of mothers' Latina heritage and American mainstream cultural orientations to changes in children's self-esteem via overt and covert cultural socialization practices. Mothers reported on their cultural orientation and socialization practices when their children were ages 5 and 8, respectively. Children reported their self-esteem at ages 8 and 10. Controlling for family socioeconomic status, mothers' nativity status, and prior child self-esteem, path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect from mothers' heritage orientation to increased child self-esteem via overt cultural socialization practices. Interestingly, a multigroup analysis by gender showed that mothers' heritage orientation was positively related to overt and covert cultural socialization practices toward both daughters and sons, but the indirect paths to child self-esteem through cultural socialization did not attain significance for daughters. Moreover, among sons, the indirect path through overt cultural socialization predicted increased self-esteem, whereas the indirect path through covert cultural socialization predicted decreased self-esteem. These findings show that cultural socialization is a salient process by which parental cultural orientation influences children's self-esteem while highlighting the specificity of these effects across overt and covert expressions of cultural socialization and child gender. Efforts to promote positive self-esteem among Latinx children should encourage parental cultural socialization practices, such as teaching, reading, and/or performing activities that celebrate the Latinx culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duyen T Trang
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Tuppett M Yates
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Zervos AP, Hensel DJ, James R, Hunt A, Ott MA. The role of trauma and positive youth development in polysubstance use among rural middle school students: a latent class analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2350. [PMID: 36517786 PMCID: PMC9753425 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural youth often begin developing polysubstance use and other risk behaviors during middle school. However, little polysubstance use research focuses on rural middle school youth. Our research uses Latent Class Analysis to understand existing patterns of rural middle school polysubstance use and risk and protective factors associated with polysubstance use. METHODS We used survey data from a rural middle school pregnancy prevention program (N = 2,708). The survey included measures of demographics, lifetime substance use, trauma (adverse childhood experiences and bullying victimization) and aspects of youth development (parent communication on drugs and alcohol, parent connectedness and school connectedness). We used latent class analysis to produce participant polysubstance use profiles and multinomial regression to examine associations between polysubstance use, demographics, trauma and aspects of youth development. RESULTS We categorized our participants into four latent classes. Our analysis classified 2.2% of participants as Regular Polysubstance users, 6.9% as Polysubstance experimenters, 19% as Vape + Alcohol experimenters and 71.9% as Non-Users. More adverse childhood experiences were associated with greater risk of polysubstance use and experimentation. Bullying was positively associated with greater risk of vape and alcohol experimentation. Higher reported parental and school connectedness were associated with lower risk of high frequency polysubstance use. Higher reported school connection was also associated with lower risk of polysubstance experimentation. CONCLUSION Rural substance use prevention programs should begin during middle school, as polysubstance use development is common among rural middle schoolers. These programs should be trauma informed and focus on connectedness as a modifiable factor to reduce risk of polysubstance use development. TRIAL REGISTRATION This article does not report results of a health care intervention on human participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Zervos
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10thStreet, Suite 1001, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Devon J. Hensel
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10thStreet, Suite 1001, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Rebecca James
- Health Care Education and Training, Inc, 1630 N. Meridian Street, Suite 430, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Abby Hunt
- Health Care Education and Training, Inc, 1630 N. Meridian Street, Suite 430, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Mary A. Ott
- grid.257413.60000 0001 2287 3919Department of Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10thStreet, Suite 1001, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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Ruiz M, Johnson A, Campbell L. Acculturation and drinking behavior among Latinxs: a narrative review. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2022; 23:21-57. [PMID: 35635435 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2022.2080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that acculturation is associated with increased alcohol consumption among Latinxs. The purpose of this narrative review is to contribute to this literature by examining the association between acculturation and alcohol use within current theoretical and etiological frameworks on cultural norms, acculturative stress, and acculturative gaps. This review also compares the utility of these explanatory frameworks for guiding future research. Two databases (PubMed and PsycInfo) were used to identify peer-reviewed studies pertaining to the associations between acculturation and alcohol use among Latinxs. Studies that examined drinking norms, acculturative stress, acculturation gaps, and drinking behavior in Latinxs were included. The types of study approaches and designs included quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional, cohort, and longitudinal studies published between January 2000 and December 2021. Quality assessment and data synthesis were conducted by two reviewers. A total of 65 articles reporting empirical studies were included in the final review. Eighteen studies did not utilize a specific framework, but generally supported that acculturation is associated with increased alcohol consumption and alcohol related consequences among Latinxs. Additionally, sixteen studies examined cultural norms, twenty-two examined acculturative stress, while only nine utilized a gap discrepancy framework. Studies examining drinking norms appeared to largely explain changes in drinking behavior among Latinas, while studies examining acculturative stress seemed to be better equipped to explain changes in drinking behavior among Latino men. Meanwhile, the Gap Discrepancy Model articulates the gap between old and new cultural influences and can be conceptualized as an additional dimension of acculturative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ruiz
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | | | - Lisa Campbell
- East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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Montgomery L, Dixon S, Mantey DS. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder: Implications for Researchers. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:14-22. [PMID: 35251891 PMCID: PMC8896813 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Heavy and prolonged use of cannabis is associated with several adverse health, legal and social consequences. Although cannabis use impacts all U.S. racial/ethnic groups, studies have revealed racial/ethnic disparities in the initiation, prevalence, prevention and treatment of cannabis use and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD). This review provides an overview of recent studies on cannabis and CUD by race/ethnicity and a discussion of implications for cannabis researchers. FINDINGS The majority of studies focused on cannabis use and CUD among African American/Black individuals, with the smallest number of studies found among Native Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders. The limited number of studies highlight unique risk and protective factors for each racial/ethnic group, such as gender, mental health status, polysubstance use and cultural identity. SUMMARY Future cannabis studies should aim to provide a deeper foundational understanding of factors that promote the initiation, maintenance, prevention and treatment of cannabis use and CUD among racial/ethnic groups. Cannabis studies should be unique to each racial/ethnic group and move beyond racial comparisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTrice Montgomery
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Center for Addiction Research/Addiction Sciences Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Corresponding Author: LaTrice Montgomery, Ph.D., University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Center for Addiction Research/Addiction Sciences Division, 3131 Harvey Avenue, Suite 204, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229; ; Phone: 513-585-8286
| | - Shapree Dixon
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Center for Addiction Research/Addiction Sciences Division, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dale S. Mantey
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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Gonzalez PD, Vaughan EL. Substance use among Latino international and domestic college students. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:230-252. [PMID: 32242505 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1747037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
While the United States hosts the greatest number of international students in the world, Latino international students remain understudied, especially in regards to substance use. The present study tests differences between Latino international and Latino domestic undergraduates in how they use alcohol, cigarette, and illicit drugs. Participants (N = 786 students, 386 international and 400 domestic, 65% female, mean age = 21.2 years) were a subsample of Latino students surveyed in the 2009 American College Health Association's revised National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA II). Results indicate that Latino international students reported more alcohol use than Latino domestic students, but had similar use of cigarettes and illicit drugs. Among international students, gender, participation in Greek life, cigarette use, marijuana use, and year in school were associated with alcohol use. Similarly, gender, cigarette use, and marijuana use were significantly related to international students' binge drinking. Prevention and research implications are discussed.
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Abstract
Hazardous alcohol use among Hispanics makes for a critical public health issue that warrants empirical examination. Whereas research shows positive associations between alcohol-related outcomes and acculturation, it is unclear how enculturation and acculturation x enculturation are linked to alcohol use. Hispanic American undergraduate and graduate students (N = 348, 61.8% women, Mage = 21.82, 83.3% undergraduates) completed questionnaires assessing their levels of acculturation, enculturation, and alcohol use. Enculturation was negatively associated with social drinking-related consequences. Acculturation was positively associated with alcohol consumption, and enculturation buffered this association. Findings highlight the utility of considering acculturation profiles in understanding Hispanic alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah Pham
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University , Dallas , TX
| | - P Priscilla Lui
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University , Dallas , TX
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Greene KM, Maggs JL. Immigrant paradox? Generational status, alcohol use, and negative consequences across college. Addict Behav 2018; 87:138-143. [PMID: 30029161 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined linkages between generational status, alcohol use, wanting to get drunk, and negative alcohol-related consequences during college. We tested whether immigrant students' longitudinal alcohol use trajectories converged to dominant unhealthy patterns or whether immigrant students maintained healthier patterns across college. We also examined if the weekend exerted equal risk for students of different generations. Furthermore, we explored whether patterns were consistent among Latinx and Asian American students. Stratified random sampling identified first-year students attending a US college. A longitudinal daily diary design was used; students completed web-based surveys for up to 14 days within each of 7 semesters. Each day, participants (N = 689; n1st generation = 114; n2nd generation = 244; 51% female) reported their alcohol use and consequences (N = 55,829 days). Multi-level models demonstrated that compared to 3rd generation students, 1st generation students were more likely to abstain from alcohol and less likely to binge drink and want to get drunk. First generation students also experienced fewer negative alcohol-related consequences. The protective effect of being 1st generation was maintained across college semesters, with subgroup analyses focusing on Latinx and Asian American students largely supporting the main findings. However, for abstaining and negative consequences, the weekend effect was less pronounced for immigrants than later generation students. For example, the difference in negative consequences between 1st (vs. 3rd) generation students was largest on the weekend. Additional work is needed to understand how 1st generation students leverage protective factors to abstain from alcohol use even when exposed repeatedly to "wet" drinking environments.
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Mercado A, Talavera Garza L, Popan J, Finn-Nguyen K, Sharma R, Colunga-Rodriguez C. Impairment of functioning and substance use in a Latino population. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2017; 18:402-414. [PMID: 29261453 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2017.1404953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association of academic outcomes, romantic relationships, and substance use (tobacco, marijuana, cocaine) with alcohol dependence in a sample of Latino (N = 1,143) college students. Secondary data analysis was conducted on measures of grade point average in college, relationship satisfaction, drug use, and alcohol dependence. Latino college students who reported alcohol dependency had significant relational dissatisfaction and poor academic outcomes. Thus, lower grade point average and relationship dissatisfaction were associated with alcohol dependence. By focusing specifically on a Mexican American population, this study adds important information to current research regarding the commonality and differences across cultural groups regarding drug use and dependence and further clarifies the risk factors associated with substance use and dependency in a population that is vulnerable for at-risk behaviors. This study also offers insight into potential targets of treatment and intervention for this cultural group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Mercado
- a University of Texas , Rio Grande Valley , Edinburg , Texas
| | | | - Jason Popan
- a University of Texas , Rio Grande Valley , Edinburg , Texas
| | - Kim Finn-Nguyen
- a University of Texas , Rio Grande Valley , Edinburg , Texas
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