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Oweida A, Paquette B. Reconciling two opposing effects of radiation therapy: stimulation of cancer cell invasion and activation of anti-cancer immunity. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 99:951-963. [PMID: 34264178 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1956005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The damage caused by radiation therapy to cancerous and normal cells inevitably leads to changes in the secretome profile of pro and anti-inflammatory mediators. The inflammatory response depends on the dose of radiation and its fractionation, while the inherent radiosensitivity of each patient dictates the intensity and types of adverse reactions. This review will present an overview of two apparently opposite reactions that may occur after radiation treatment: induction of an antitumor immune response and a protumoral response. Emphasis is placed on the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved. CONCLUSIONS By understanding how radiation changes the balance between anti- and protumoral effects, these forces can be manipulated to optimize radiation oncology treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Oweida
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Benoit Paquette
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiobiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
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Brownmiller T, Juric JA, Ivey AD, Harvey BM, Westemeier ES, Winters MT, Stevens AM, Stanley AN, Hayes KE, Sprowls SA, Ammer ASG, Walker M, Bey EA, Wu X, Lim ZF, Zhu L, Wen S, Hu G, Ma PC, Martinez I. Y Chromosome LncRNA Are Involved in Radiation Response of Male Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4046-4057. [PMID: 32616503 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-4032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have implicated changes in the Y chromosome in male cancers, yet few have investigated the biological importance of Y chromosome noncoding RNA. Here we identify a group of Y chromosome-expressed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that are involved in male non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) radiation sensitivity. Radiosensitive male NSCLC cell lines demonstrated a dose-dependent induction of linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 following irradiation, which was not observed in radioresistant male NSCLC cell lines. Cytogenetics revealed the loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in the radioresistant male NSCLC cell lines. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 transcripts affect cell viability and apoptosis. Computational prediction of RNA binding proteins (RBP) motifs and UV-cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) assays identified IGF2BP3, an RBP involved in mRNA stability, as a binding partner for linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 RNA. The presence of linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 reduced the half-life of known IGF2BP3 binding mRNA, such as the antiapoptotic HMGA2 mRNA, as well as the oncogenic c-MYC mRNA. Assessment of Y chromosome in NSCLC tissue microarrays and expression of linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 in NSCLC RNA-seq and microarray data revealed a negative correlation between the loss of the Y chromosome or linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 and overall survival. Thus, linc-SPRY3-2/3/4 expression and LOY could represent an important marker of radiotherapy in NSCLC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes previously unknown Y chromosome-expressed lncRNA regulators of radiation response in male NSCLC and show a correlation between loss of chromosome Y and radioresistance. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/19/4046/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayvia Brownmiller
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jamie A Juric
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Abby D Ivey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Brandon M Harvey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Emily S Westemeier
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Michael T Winters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Alyson M Stevens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Alana N Stanley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Karen E Hayes
- Modulation Therapeutics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Samuel A Sprowls
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Amanda S Gatesman Ammer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Mackenzee Walker
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Erik A Bey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xiaoliang Wu
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Zuan-Fu Lim
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania.,Cancer Cell Biology Program, West Virginia University School of Graduate Studies, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lin Zhu
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.,Bioinformatics Core, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Patrick C Ma
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Ivan Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, West Virginia University Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
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Xie B, Sun L, Cheng Y, Zhou J, Zheng J, Zhang W. Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer cells are associated with increased radiosensitivity in vitro. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:3551-3560. [PMID: 30271203 PMCID: PMC6145635 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s165831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is still lack of specific biomarkers in predicting the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in clinic. Previous studies have shown that the EGFR gene status may correlate with radiosensitivity of NSCLC. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The aim of this study was to further investigate the correlation between EGFR mutation status and the NSCLC cell radiosensitivity and to explore the possible cellular mechanism. Methods Eight NSCLC cell lines with different EGFR gene status were irradiated by linear accelerator, and the radiosensitivity between the cell lines was compared by cell colony formation assay and cell proliferation assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were analysed by flow cytometry. Radiosensitivity-related protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Results In the present study, we found that NSCLC cell lines with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations were more sensitive to X-ray irradiation than those with wild-type EGFR (P<0.05). No difference in radiosensitivity was observed between NSCLC cells with EGFR exon19 deletion (Del 19) mutation and exon 21 point mutation at position 858 (L858R) with or without T790M mutation (P<0.05), as well as between NSCLC cells with EGFR mutation and those with acquired EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistance. Mechanistically, EGFR mutations promoted NSCLC cell apoptosis in response to X-ray irradiation through the upregulation of proapoptotic protein Bax and downregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit. In addition, phosphorylated histone (γ-H2AX) foci assay showed that EGFR mutations sustained irradiation-induced DNA damage. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrates that EGFR mutations are closely associated with the increased sensitivity of NSCLC cell lines to X-ray irradiation and that EGFR mutation status is a potentially useful indicator to evaluate the effectiveness of radiotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Liyue Sun
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yanjun Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jihua Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China,
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Blyth BJ, Cole AJ, MacManus MP, Martin OA. Radiation therapy-induced metastasis: radiobiology and clinical implications. Clin Exp Metastasis 2017; 35:223-236. [PMID: 29159430 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-017-9867-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is an effective means of achieving local control in a wide range of primary tumours, with the reduction in the size of the tumour(s) thought to mediate the observed reductions in metastatic spread in clinical trials. However, there is evidence to suggest that the complex changes induced by radiation in the tumour environment can also present metastatic risks that may counteract the long-term efficacy of the treatment. More than 25 years ago, several largely theoretical mechanisms by which radiation exposure might increase metastatic risk were postulated. These include the direct release of tumour cells into the circulation, systemic effects of tumour and normal tissue irradiation and radiation-induced changes in tumour cell phenotype. Here, we review the data that has since emerged to either support or refute these putative mechanisms focusing on how the unique radiobiology underlying modern radiotherapy modalities might alter these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Blyth
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia. .,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.
| | - Aidan J Cole
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.,Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Michael P MacManus
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Olga A Martin
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, 3000, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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