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Li J, Zhang D, Wang S, Yu P, Sun J, Zhang Y, Meng X, Li J, Xiang L. Baicalein induces apoptosis by inhibiting the glutamine-mTOR metabolic pathway in lung cancer. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00085-7. [PMID: 38432394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Baicalein, a bioactive component of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been shown to promote apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. However, previous studies have not determined if baicalein exerts proapoptotic effects by modulating the metabolic pathways. OBJECTIVE To investigate if baicalein induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells by modulating the glutamine-mTOR metabolic pathway. METHODS The in vivo anti-lung cancer activity of baicalein (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was evaluated using a xenograft model. In vitro experiments were used to assess the efficacy of baicalein (for H1299: 12.5, 25, and 50 μM; for A549: 10, 20, and 40 μM) on lung cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, and apoptosis. Metabolomics analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The binding of baicalein to glutamine transporters and glutaminase was examined using molecular docking. The overexpression of glutamine transporters was validated using qRT-PCR and western blot analyses. The levels of ASCT2, LAT1, GLS1, p-mTOR, mTOR, and apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated using western blot analysis. RESULTS Baicalein inhibited lung cancer xenograft tumor growth in vivo and suppressed proliferation and promoted apoptosis in lung cancer cells in vitro. Additionally, baicalein altered amino acid metabolites, especially glutamine metabolites, in H1299 and A549 cells. Mechanistically, baicalein interacted with glutamine transporters as well as glutaminase and inhibited their activation. The expression of mTOR, an apoptosis-related protein and downstream target of glutamine metabolism, was also inhibited by baicalein treatment. Importantly, we next demonstrated the suppression of mTOR signaling and the induction of apoptosis by baicalein were achieved by regulating glutamine metabolism. CONCLUSION Baicalein inhibited the mTOR signaling pathway and induced apoptosis by downregulating glutamine metabolism. The potential of baicalein to induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells by selectively targeting the glutamine-mTOR pathway suggests an encouraging approach for treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Abdolrahmani M, Mirazi N, Hosseini A. Effect of Duvelisib, a Selective PI3K Inhibitor on Seizure Activity in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Convulsions Animal Model. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231198013. [PMID: 37720697 PMCID: PMC10503276 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231198013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, which is caused by abnormal brain activity. A wide variety of studies have shown the importance of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in epilepsy pathogenesis. Duvelisib (DUV) is a selective inhibitor of PI3K. The present study investigated the anticonvulsant potential of DUV in a rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions. Male Wistar rats (200-250 g, 8 weeks old) were injected intraperitoneally (IP) with DUV at different doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg, or vehicle 30 minutes prior to PTZ (70 mg/kg, IP) treatment. Based on Racine's scale, behavioral seizures were assessed. The results showed that pretreatment with DUV prolonged the seizure stages according to the Racine scale, significantly decreased the duration of general tonic-clonic seizure and reduced the number of myoclonic jerks (P < .05). In conclusion, we found that PI3K antagonist DUV significantly reduced PTZ-induced seizures, indicating that DUV exerts an anticonvulsant effect by inhibiting PI3K signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Abdolrahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Naser Mirazi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Hatipoglu A, Menon D, Levy T, Frias MA, Foster DA. Inhibiting glutamine utilization creates a synthetic lethality for suppression of ATP citrate lyase in KRas-driven cancer cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276579. [PMID: 36269753 PMCID: PMC9586366 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is now considered a hallmark of cancer cells. KRas-driven cancer cells use glutaminolysis to generate the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate via a transamination reaction between glutamate and oxaloacetate. We reported previously that exogenously supplied unsaturated fatty acids could be used to synthesize phosphatidic acid-a lipid second messenger that activates both mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). A key target of mTORC2 is Akt-a kinase that promotes survival and regulates cell metabolism. We report here that mono-unsaturated oleic acid stimulates the phosphorylation of ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) at the Akt phosphorylation site at S455 in an mTORC2 dependent manner. Inhibition of ACLY in KRas-driven cancer cells in the absence of serum resulted in loss of cell viability. We examined the impact of glutamine (Gln) deprivation in combination with inhibition of ACLY on the viability of KRas-driven cancer cells. While Gln deprivation was somewhat toxic to KRas-driven cancer cells by itself, addition of the ACLY inhibitor SB-204990 increased the loss of cell viability. However, the transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetate was minimally toxic and the combination of SB-204990 and aminooxtacetate led to significant loss of cell viability and strong cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase-indicating apoptotic cell death. This effect was not observed in MCF7 breast cancer cells that do not have a KRas mutation or in BJ-hTERT human fibroblasts which have no oncogenic mutation. These data reveal a synthetic lethality between inhibition of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and ACLY inhibition that is specific for KRas-driven cancer cells and the apparent metabolic reprogramming induced by activating mutations to KRas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Hatipoglu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Deepak Menon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Talia Levy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Maria A. Frias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biology and Health Promotion, St Francis College, Brooklyn, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David A. Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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SIRT4 functions as a tumor suppressor during prostate cancer by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting glutamine metabolism. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12208. [PMID: 35842463 PMCID: PMC9288510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16610-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized in the mitochondria, SIRT4 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) -dependent adenosine diphosphate (ADP) -ribosyltransferase and is one of the least characterized members of the sirtuin family. Although it is well known that it shows deacetylase activity for energy metabolism, little is understood about its function in tumorigenesis. Recent research suggests that SIRT4 may work as both a tumor suppressor gene and an oncogene. However, the clinical significance of SIRT4 in prostate cancer remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated SIRT4 protein levels in cancerous prostate tissue and corresponding non-tumor prostate tissue via immunohistochemical staining on a tissue microarray including tissues from 89 prostate cancer patients. The association between SIRT4 expression and Gleason score was also determined. Further, shSIRT4 or stable prostate cancer cell lines (22RV1) overexpressing SIRT4 were constructed via lentiviral infection. Using Cell-Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, wound healing assay, migration, and invasion and apoptosis assays, the effects of SIRT4 on the migration, invasion ability, and proliferation of prostate cancer cells were investigated. We also determined the effect of SIRT4 on glutamine metabolism in 22RV1 cells. We found the protein levels of SIRT4 in prostate cancer tissues were significantly lower than those in their non-neoplastic tissue counterparts (P < 0.01); a lower SIRT4 level was also significantly associated with a higher Gleason score (P < 0.01). SIRT4 suppressed the migration, invasion capabilities, and proliferation of prostate cancer cells and induced cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, the invasion and migration of 22RV1 cells were mechanistically inhibited by SIRT4 via glutamine metabolism inhibition. In conclusion, the present study’s findings showed that SIRT4 protein levels are significantly associated with the Gleason score in patients with prostate cancer, and SIRT4 exerts a tumor-suppressive effect on prostate cancer cells by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. Thus, SIRT4 may serve as a potential novel therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Tang E, Liu S, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Huang D, Gao T, Zhang T, Xu G. Therapeutic Potential of Glutamine Pathway in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:835141. [PMID: 35223460 PMCID: PMC8873175 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.835141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells tend to obtain the substances needed for their development depending on altering metabolic characteristics. Among the reorganized metabolic pathways, Glutamine pathway, reprogrammed to be involved in the physiological process including energy supply, biosynthesis and redox homeostasis, occupies an irreplaceable role in tumor cells and has become a hot topic in recent years. Lung cancer currently maintains a high morbidity and mortality rate among all types of tumors and has been a health challenge that researchers have longed to overcome. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the essential role of glutamine pathway played in the metabolism of lung cancer and its potential therapeutic value in the interventions of lung cancer.
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Chakraborty S, Utter MB, Frias MA, Foster DA. Cancer cells with defective RB and CDKN2A are resistant to the apoptotic effects of rapamycin. Cancer Lett 2021; 522:164-170. [PMID: 34563639 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) with rapamycin in the absence of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling induces apoptosis in many cancer cell lines. In the presence of TGFβ, rapamycin induces G1 cell cycle arrest; however, in the absence of TGFβ, cells do not arrest in G1 and progress into S-phase where rapamycin is cytotoxic rather than cytostatic. However, we observed that DU145 prostate and NCI-H2228 lung cancer cells were resistant to the cytotoxic effect of rapamycin. Of interest, the rapamycin-resistant DU145 and NCI-H2228 cells have mutations in the RB and CDKN2A tumor suppressor genes. The gene products of RB and CDKN2A (pRb and p14ARF) suppress E2F family transcription factors that promote cell cycle progression from G1 into S. Restoration of wild type RB or inhibition of E2F activity in DU145 and NCI-H2228 cells led to rapamycin sensitivity. These data provide evidence that the combination of mutant RB and mutant CDKN2A in cancer cells leads to rapamycin resistance, which has implications for precision medicine approaches to anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohag Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY, New York, USA
| | - Matthew B Utter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY, New York, USA
| | - Maria A Frias
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Biochemistry Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, NY, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Liu Y, Chen W, Chen J, Ma Y, Cen Y, Wang S, He X, You M, Yang G. miR-122-5p regulates hepatocytes damage caused by BaP and DBP co-exposure through SOCS1/STAT3 signaling in vitro. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 223:112570. [PMID: 34352581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BaP and DBP are ubiquitously and contemporaneously present in the environment. However, Current studies largely concentrate on the effects of a single pollutant (BaP or DBP). The liver is vital for biogenic activities. The effects of BaP and DBP co-exposure on liver remain unclear. Thus, we treated human normal liver cell (L02 cell) with BaP or/and DBP. We found that compared to individual exposure, co-exposure to BaP and DBP induced further increased levels of AST and ALT. BaP and DBP co-exposure caused further increased levels of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α, decreased IL-10 level, and a higher percentage of apoptotic cells and S-phase arrest cells. BaP and DBP co-exposure worsen the decrease of miR-122-5p level and chaos of SOCS1/STAT3 signaling. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assays showed that SOCS1 was a validated target of miR-122-5p. miR-122-5p overexpression alleviated the increased SOCS1 expression, decreased phospho-STAT3 expression, decreased IL-10 level, increased TNF-α levels, increased percentage of apoptosis and S-phase arrest, and cytotoxicity induced by BaP and DBP co-exposure in hepatocytes. These results suggested that miR-122-5p negatively regulated the synergistic effects on apoptosis and disorder of inflammatory factor secretion involved in hepatocyte injury caused by BaP and DBP co-exposure through targeting SOCS1/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yining Liu
- School of Public Heath, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- School of Public Heath, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Public Heath, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yemei Ma
- School of Public Heath, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Yanli Cen
- School of Public Heath, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Shengli Wang
- School of Public Heath, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xiu He
- School of Public Heath, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Mingdan You
- School of Public Heath, the key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Guanghong Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China.
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Cai G, Yang Q, Sun W. RSF1 in cancer: interactions and functions. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:315. [PMID: 34147108 PMCID: PMC8214769 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RSF1, remodelling and spacing factor 1, is an important interphase centromere protein and is overexpressed in many types of cancers and correlated with poor overall survival. RSF1 has functions mainly in maintaining chromosome stability, facilitating DNA repair, maintaining the protein homeostasis of RSF1 and suppressing the transcription of some oncogenes when RSF1 protein is expressed at an optimal level; however, RSF1 overexpression facilitates drug resistance and cell cycle checkpoint inhibition to prompt cancer proliferation and survival. The RSF1 expression level and gene background are crucial for RSF1 functions, which may explain why RSF1 has different functions in different cancer types. This review summarizes the functional domains of RSF1, the overexpression status of RSF1 and SNF2H in cancer based on the TCGA and GTEX databases, the cancer-related functions of RSF1 in interacting with H2Aub, HDAC1, CENP-A, PLK1, ATM, CENP-S, SNF2H, HBX, BubR1, cyclin E1, CBP and NF-κB and the potential clinical value of RSF1, which will lay a theoretical foundation for the structural biology study of RSF1 and application of RSF1 inhibitors, truncated RSF1 proteins and SNF2H inhibitors in the treatment of RSF1-overexpressing tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyang Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Zhong JT, Yu Q, Zhou SH, Yu E, Bao YY, Lu ZJ, Fan J. GLUT-1 siRNA Enhances Radiosensitization Of Laryngeal Cancer Stem Cells Via Enhanced DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Redistribution, And Promotion Of Apoptosis In Vitro And In Vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:9129-9142. [PMID: 31806998 PMCID: PMC6842317 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s221423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy does not show good efficacy against laryngeal cancer due to radioresistance. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered among the causes of radioresistance. Inhibition of glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) using GLUT-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) may enhance the radiosensitivity of laryngeal cancer cells, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Methods The CD133+-Hep-2R cell line was established with repeated irradiation and magnetic-activated cell sorting. The effects of irradiation on CD133+-Hep-2R cells were examined by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting. The effects of GLUT-1 siRNA on the radiosensitivity of CD133+-Hep-2/2R cells were examined by RT-PCR, Western blotting, CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, and Transwell assay in vitro and in a xenograft tumor model in nude mice. The cellular mechanism of enhanced radiosensitivity associated with GLUT-1 siRNA was investigated. The cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the repair capability was examined by determining the levels of RAD51 and DNA-PKcs. Results CD133+-Hep-2/2R cells showed stronger proliferation, lower apoptosis rate, lower percentage of G0/G1 phase cells, higher percentages of S and G2/M phase cells, and higher expression levels of GLUT-1 than Hep-2/2R cells. Transfection with GLUT-1 siRNA inhibited the proliferation and invasive capability of CD133+-Hep-2R cells by inhibiting GLUT-1 expression, which also caused a redistribution of the cell cycle (higher proportion of cells in the G0/G1 phase and lower proportion in the S and G2/M phases), increased the apoptosis rate, and reduced DNA repair capability by suppressing RAD51 and DNA-PKcs expression. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that GLUT-1 siRNA can enhance the radiosensitivity of CD133+-Hep-2R cells by inducing a redistribution of cell cycle phases, inhibiting DNA repair capability, and increasing apoptosis. Inhibition of GLUT-1 may have therapeutic potential for interventions to increase the radiosensitivity of laryngeal CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Tao Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shui-Hong Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Er Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Jie Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, People's Republic of China
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Anticonvulsant action of a selective phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 in pentylenetetrazole-mediated convulsions in zebrafish. Epilepsy Res 2019; 157:106207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sun N, Liang Y, Chen Y, Wang L, Li D, Liang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, Niu H. Glutamine affects T24 bladder cancer cell proliferation by activating STAT3 through ROS and glutaminolysis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2189-2200. [PMID: 31661119 PMCID: PMC6844601 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in metabolism are common phenomena in tumors. Glutamine (Gln) has been documented to play a critical role in tumor growth. In this study, we aimed to to explore the mechanisms through which bladder cancer cells utilize Gln to fulfill their biosynthetic needs during proliferation. In addition, the roles of Gln in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) expression were examined in vitro in the T24 bladder cancer cell line. The results revealed that the T24 cell line was markedly Gln-dependent and that Gln supplementation promoted T24 proliferation through the actions of Gln as a ROS moderator and as a metabolic fuel in the TCA cycle. Importantly, extracellular Gln deprivation deregulated the production of the transcription factor, STAT3. Additionally, STAT3 expression was affected by the degree of Gln metabolism, as regulated by Gln intermediates and ROS. Thus, on the whole, the findings of this study demonstrate that Gln promotes the proliferation of the Gln-dependent bladder cancer cell line, T24, by supplementing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and neutralizing ROS to activate the STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningchuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liang
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yuanbin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Zhijuan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Urinary System Diseases, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Lijiang Sun
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Niu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, P.R. China
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Kauffman EC, Lang M, Rais-Bahrami S, Gupta GN, Wei D, Yang Y, Sourbier C, Srinivasan R. Preclinical efficacy of dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor AZD8055 in renal cell carcinoma harboring a TFE3 gene fusion. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:917. [PMID: 31519159 PMCID: PMC6743205 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal cell carcinomas (RCC) harboring a TFE3 gene fusion (TfRCC) represent an aggressive subset of kidney tumors. Key signaling pathways of TfRCC are unknown and preclinical in vivo data are lacking. We investigated Akt/mTOR pathway activation and the preclinical efficacy of dual mTORC1/2 versus selective mTORC1 inhibition in TfRCC. Methods Levels of phosphorylated Akt/mTOR pathway proteins were compared by immunoblot in TfRCC and clear cell RCC (ccRCC) cell lines. Effects of the mTORC1 inhibitor, sirolimus, and the dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, AZD8055, on Akt/mTOR activation, cell cycle progression, cell viability and cytotoxicity were compared in TfRCC cells. TfRCC xenograft tumor growth in mice was evaluated after 3-week treatment with oral AZD8055, intraperitoneal sirolimus and respective vehicle controls. Results The Akt/mTOR pathway was activated to a similar or greater degree in TfRCC than ccRCC cell lines and persisted partly during growth factor starvation, suggesting constitutive activation. Dual mTORC1/2 inhibition with AZD8055 potently inhibited TfRCC viability (IC50 = 20-50 nM) due at least in part to cell cycle arrest, while benign renal epithelial cells were relatively resistant (IC50 = 400 nM). Maximal viability reduction was greater with AZD8055 than sirolimus (80–90% versus 30–50%), as was the extent of Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition, based on significantly greater suppression of P-Akt (Ser473), P-4EBP1, P-mTOR and HIF1α. In mouse xenograft models, AZD8055 achieved significantly better tumor growth inhibition and prolonged mouse survival compared to sirolimus or vehicle controls. Conclusions Akt/mTOR activation is common in TfRCC and a promising therapeutic target. Dual mTORC1/2 inhibition suppresses Akt/mTOR signaling more effectively than selective mTORC1 inhibition and demonstrates in vivo preclinical efficacy against TFE3-fusion renal cell carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6096-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Kauffman
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Present address: Departments of Urology and Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Martin Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Present address: Department of Urology and Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gopal N Gupta
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Present address: Department of Urology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Darmood Wei
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Youfeng Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carole Sourbier
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Present address: Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Ramaprasad Srinivasan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Building 10 - Hatfield CRC, Room 1-5940, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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13
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Guo S, Xu N, Chen P, Liu Y, Qi X, Liu S, Li C, Tang J. Rapamycin Protects Spiral Ganglion Neurons from Gentamicin-Induced Degeneration In Vitro. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2019; 20:475-487. [PMID: 31236744 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-019-00717-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gentamicin, one of the most widely used aminoglycoside antibiotics, is known to have toxic effects on the inner ear. Taken up by cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), gentamicin induces the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiates apoptosis or programmed cell death, resulting in a permanent and irreversible hearing loss. Since the survival of SGNs is specially required for cochlear implant, new procedures that prevent SGN cell loss are crucial to the success of cochlear implantation. ROS modulates the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, which mediates apoptosis or autophagy in cells of different organs. However, whether mTOR signaling plays an essential role in the inner ear and whether it is involved in the ototoxic side effects of gentamicin remain unclear. In the present study, we found that gentamicin induced apoptosis and cell loss of SGNs in vivo and significantly decreased the density of SGN and outgrowth of neurites in cultured SGN explants. The phosphorylation levels of ribosomal S6 kinase and elongation factor 4E binding protein 1, two critical kinases in the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, were modulated by gentamicin application in the cochlea. Meanwhile, rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTORC1, was co-applied with gentamicin to verify the role of mTOR signaling. We observed that the density of SGN and outgrowth of neurites were significantly increased by rapamycin treatment. Our finding suggests that mTORC1 is hyperactivated in the gentamicin-induced degeneration of SGNs, and rapamycin promoted SGN survival and outgrowth of neurites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Qi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuixian Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Mental Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Institute of Mental Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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Bernfeld E, Foster DA. Glutamine as an Essential Amino Acid for KRas-Driven Cancer Cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:357-368. [PMID: 31040047 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells consume glutamine, a nonessential amino acid (NEAA), at exceedingly high rates to fulfill their energetic and biosynthetic requirements for proliferation. Glutamine plays distinct roles from essential amino acids in cell cycle progression and in the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Furthermore, the need of cancer cells for glutamine can be exploited therapeutically - especially those driven by KRas. In this review we explore several distinct cellular roles for glutamine that contribute to glutamine addiction in KRas-driven cancer cells and discuss opportunities for therapeutic intervention created by glutamine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa Bernfeld
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Biochemistry PhD Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Current address: Oncology R&D Group, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 401 N. Middletown Road, Pearl River, NY, USA
| | - David A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Biochemistry PhD Program, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Chen Z, Lin J, Feng S, Chen X, Huang H, Wang C, Yu Y, He Y, Han S, Zheng L, Huang G. SIRT4 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of thyroid cancer cells by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2397-2408. [PMID: 30992675 PMCID: PMC6445187 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s189536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SIRT4, a protein localized in the mitochondria, is one of the least characteristic members of the sirtuin family. It is known that SIRT4 has deacetylase activity and plays a role in energy metabolism, but little is known about its possible role in carcinogenesis. Recently, several studies have suggested that SIRT4 may function as either a tumor oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene. However, its relationship with thyroid cancer remains unclear. Methods We stably overexpressed SIRT4 or silenced its expression in the human thyroid cancer cell line BCPAP by means of lentiviral vectors. We conducted a variety of tests, such as CCK-8, wound healing, migration, and invasion assays, to investigate the role of SIRT4 in the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of thyroid cancer cells. We also investigated the effects of SIRT4 overexpression on cell cycle progression and apoptosis of BCPAP cells and studied the role of glutamine metabolism in the effects of SIRT4 on BCPAP cell migration and invasion. Finally, we analyzed SIRT4 expression levels in thyroid cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry and investigated their association with clinicopathological features. Results Overexpression of SIRT4 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of BCPAP thyroid cancer cells, blocked the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and induced apoptosis. Mechanistically, SIRT4 inhibited BCPAP migration and invasion by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. Moreover, we found that SIRT4 protein levels in thyroid cancer tissues were markedly lower than in their non-neoplastic tissue counterparts (P<0.001). Conclusion SIRT4 plays a pivotal role in the growth and metastasis of thyroid cancer cells and could be a potential therapeutic target in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouxun Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Lin
- School of The First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuyi Feng
- School of The First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuxu Chen
- School of The First Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hanzhang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Yujun Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Yu He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Shaoliang Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
| | - Linfeng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyu Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China, ;
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16
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Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Rossi G, Carpi A. Tumour growth and immune evasion as targets for a new strategy in advanced cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:R577–R604. [PMID: 30306784 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has become clearer that advanced cancer, especially advanced breast cancer, is an entirely displayed pathological system that is much more complex than previously considered. However, the direct relationship between tumour growth and immune evasion can represent a general rule governing the pathological cancer system from the initial cancer cells to when the system is entirely displayed. Accordingly, a refined pathobiological model and a novel therapeutic strategy are proposed. The novel therapeutic strategy is based on therapeutically induced conditions (undetectable tumour burden and/or a prolonged tumour ‘resting state’), which enable an efficacious immune response in advanced breast and other types of solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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17
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Zhang C, Liu A, Su G, Chen Y. Effect of rapamycin on the level of autophagy in rats with early heart failure. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4065-4070. [PMID: 30321448 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Zhang
- Shandong University Jinan China
- Department of Cardiology The Central Hospital of Shengli Oil Field Dongying PR China
| | - Aifen Liu
- Department of Cardiology The Central Hospital of Shengli Oil Field Dongying PR China
| | - Guohai Su
- Shandong University Jinan China
- Department of Cardiology Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Yudong Chen
- Department of Cardiology The Central Hospital of Shengli Oil Field Dongying PR China
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18
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Patel D, Salloum D, Saqcena M, Chatterjee A, Mroz V, Ohh M, Foster DA. A Late G1 Lipid Checkpoint That Is Dysregulated in Clear Cell Renal Carcinoma Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:936-944. [PMID: 27956548 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.757864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are important nutrients that proliferating cells require to maintain energy homeostasis as well as to build plasma membranes for newly synthesized cells. Previously, we identified nutrient-sensing checkpoints that exist in the latter part of the G1 phase of the cell cycle that are dependent upon essential amino acids, Gln, and finally, a checkpoint mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which integrates signals from both nutrients and growth factors. In this study, we have identified and temporally mapped a lipid-mediated G1 checkpoint. This checkpoint is located after the Gln checkpoint and before the mTOR-mediated cell cycle checkpoint. Intriguingly, clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells (ccRCC) have a dysregulated lipid-mediated checkpoint due in part to defective phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN). When deprived of lipids, instead of arresting in G1, these cells continue to cycle and utilize lipid droplets as a source of lipids. Lipid droplets have been known to maintain endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis and prevent cytotoxic endoplasmic reticulum stress in ccRCC. Dysregulation of the lipid-mediated checkpoint forces these cells to utilize lipid droplets, which could potentially lead to therapeutic opportunities that exploit this property of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deven Patel
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065.,the Biochemistry Program and
| | - Darin Salloum
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065.,Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016
| | - Mahesh Saqcena
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065.,the Biochemistry Program and
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065.,Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016
| | - Victoria Mroz
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065
| | - Michael Ohh
- the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David A Foster
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, .,the Biochemistry Program and.,Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016.,the Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10021, and
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19
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Mukhopadhyay S, Chatterjee A, Kogan D, Patel D, Foster DA. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR) enhances the efficacy of rapamycin in human cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2016; 14:3331-9. [PMID: 26323019 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1087623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR - the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin - has been implicated as a key signaling node for promoting survival of cancer cells. However, clinical trials that have targeted mTOR with rapamycin or rapamycin analogs have had minimal impact. In spite of the high specificity of rapamycin for mTOR, the doses needed to suppress key mTOR substrates have proved toxic. We report here that rapamycin when combined with AICAR - a compound that activates AMP-activated protein kinase makes rapamycin cytotoxic rather than cytostatic at doses that are tolerated clinically. AICAR by itself is able to suppress mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), but also stimulates a feedback activation of mTORC2, which activates the survival kinase Akt. However, AICAR also suppresses production of phosphatidic acid (PA), which interacts with mTOR in a manner that is competitive with rapamycin. The reduced level of PA sensitizes mTORC2 to rapamycin at tolerable nano-molar doses leading reduced Akt phosphorylation and apoptosis. This study reveals how the use of AICAR enhances the efficacy of rapamycin such that rapamycin at low nano-molar doses can suppress mTORC2 and induce apoptosis in human cancer cells at doses that are clinically tolerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mukhopadhyay
- a Department of Biological Sciences ; Hunter College of the City University of New York ; New York , NY USA
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- a Department of Biological Sciences ; Hunter College of the City University of New York ; New York , NY USA
| | - Diane Kogan
- a Department of Biological Sciences ; Hunter College of the City University of New York ; New York , NY USA
| | - Deven Patel
- a Department of Biological Sciences ; Hunter College of the City University of New York ; New York , NY USA
| | - David A Foster
- a Department of Biological Sciences ; Hunter College of the City University of New York ; New York , NY USA.,b Department of Pharmacology ; Weill-Cornell Medical College ; New York , NY USA
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20
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Weber H, Leal P, Stein S, Kunkel H, García P, Bizama C, Espinoza JA, Riquelme I, Nervi B, Araya JC, Grez M, Roa JC. Rapamycin and WYE-354 suppress human gallbladder cancer xenografts in mice. Oncotarget 2016; 6:31877-88. [PMID: 26397134 PMCID: PMC4741647 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a highly malignant tumor characterized by a poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and WYE-354. In vitro assays showed WYE-354 significantly reduced cell viability, migration and invasion and phospho-P70S6K expression in GBC cells. Mice harboring subcutaneous gallbladder tumors, treated with WYE-354 or rapamycin, exhibited a significant reduction in tumor mass. A short-term treatment with a higher dose of WYE-354 decreased the tumor size by 68.6% and 52.4%, in mice harboring G-415 or TGBC-2TKB tumors, respectively, compared to the control group. By contrast, treatment with a prolonged-low-dose regime of rapamycin almost abrogated tumor growth, exhibiting 92.7% and 97.1% reduction in tumor size, respectively, compared to control mice. These results were accompanied by a greater decrease in the phosphorylation status of P70S6K and a lower cell proliferation Ki67 index, compared to WYE-354 treated mice, suggesting a more effective mTOR pathway inhibition. These findings provide a proof of concept for the use of rapamycin or WYE-354 as potentially good candidates to be studied in clinical trials in GBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Weber
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pamela Leal
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Stefan Stein
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hana Kunkel
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Bizama
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime A Espinoza
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ismael Riquelme
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Bruno Nervi
- Department of Hematology Oncology, UC-Center for Investigation in Translational Oncology (CITO), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C Araya
- Department of Pathology, Center of Genetic and Immunological Studies (CEGIN) and Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Manuel Grez
- Gene Therapy Unit, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Juan C Roa
- Department of Pathology, UC-Center for Investigational Oncology (CITO), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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21
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Caspase-mediated cleavage of raptor participates in the inactivation of mTORC1 during cell death. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16024. [PMID: 27551516 PMCID: PMC4979510 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a highly conserved protein complex regulating key pathways in cell growth. Hyperactivation of mTORC1 is implicated in numerous cancers, thus making it a potential broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic target. Here, we characterized how mTORC1 responds to cell death induced by various anticancer drugs such rapamycin, etoposide, cisplatin, curcumin, staurosporine and Fas ligand. All treatments induced cleavage in the mTORC1 component, raptor, resulting in decreased raptor–mTOR interaction and subsequent inhibition of the mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation of downstream substrates (S6K and 4E-BP1). The cleavage was primarily mediated by caspase-6 and occurred at two sites. Mutagenesis at one of these sites, conferred resistance to cell death, indicating that raptor cleavage is important in chemotherapeutic apoptosis.
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22
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Patel D, Menon D, Bernfeld E, Mroz V, Kalan S, Loayza D, Foster DA. Aspartate Rescues S-phase Arrest Caused by Suppression of Glutamine Utilization in KRas-driven Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9322-9. [PMID: 26921316 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.710145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During G1-phase of the cell cycle, normal cells respond first to growth factors that indicate that it is appropriate to divide and then later in G1 to the presence of nutrients that indicate sufficient raw material to generate two daughter cells. Dividing cells rely on the "conditionally essential" amino acid glutamine (Q) as an anaplerotic carbon source for TCA cycle intermediates and as a nitrogen source for nucleotide biosynthesis. We previously reported that while non-transformed cells arrest in the latter portion of G1 upon Q deprivation, mutant KRas-driven cancer cells bypass the G1 checkpoint, and instead, arrest in S-phase. In this study, we report that the arrest of KRas-driven cancer cells in S-phase upon Q deprivation is due to the lack of deoxynucleotides needed for DNA synthesis. The lack of deoxynucleotides causes replicative stress leading to activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR)-mediated DNA damage pathway, which arrests cells in S-phase. The key metabolite generated from Q utilization was aspartate, which is generated from a transaminase reaction whereby Q-derived glutamate is converted to α-ketoglutarate with the concomitant conversion of oxaloacetate to aspartate. Aspartate is a critical metabolite for both purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. This study identifies the molecular basis for the S-phase arrest caused by Q deprivation in KRas-driven cancer cells that arrest in S-phase in response to Q deprivation. Given that arresting cells in S-phase sensitizes cells to apoptotic insult, this study suggests novel therapeutic approaches to KRas-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deven Patel
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, Biochemistry Program and
| | - Deepak Menon
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, Biochemistry Program and
| | - Elyssa Bernfeld
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, Biochemistry Program and
| | - Victoria Mroz
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065
| | - Sampada Kalan
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, and
| | - Diego Loayza
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, Biochemistry Program and Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, and
| | - David A Foster
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10065, Biochemistry Program and Biology Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell College of Medicine, New York, New York 10021
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Mukhopadhyay S, Saqcena M, Foster DA. Synthetic lethality in KRas-driven cancer cells created by glutamine deprivation. Oncoscience 2015; 2:807-8. [PMID: 26682255 PMCID: PMC4671930 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mahesh Saqcena
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Gan
- a Department of Pathology; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Medical School ; Boston , MA USA
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