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Praça GM, de Almeida Oliveira PH, Santos Resende VH. Dual-Tasks in Soccer: Effects of Players' Experience and Task Condition on Physical Performance. Percept Mot Skills 2024:315125241257398. [PMID: 38804982 DOI: 10.1177/00315125241257398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined whether experience level and various dual motor and cognitive or single tasks influenced young soccer players' physical performance during small-sided games. Participants were 72 players from U-13 (n = 36) and U-17 (n = 36) groups who participated in 3-to-a-side small-sided games under four experimental conditions: control, a secondary motor task, an additional related secondary cognitive task, and an additional secondary non-specific task. We used GPS devices to measure physical performance in terms of distances covered and accelerations at different thresholds. We found no significant interaction effect between player experience and task condition (p = .540), meaning that dual tasks had comparable effects on players of different experience levels. There were significant main effects of both experience level (p < .001) and condition (p < .001) on most physically related variables. Older players outperformed younger ones, particularly in high-intensity actions. While secondary motor tasks decreased physical performance, secondary cognitive tasks, irrespective of specificity, did not impair players' performances. In conclusion, experience level did not influence the players' physical response to dual tasks, and a secondary motor task was more disruptive to physical performance than either of two types of secondary cognitive tasks. Cognitive tasks can be incorporated into soccer training without compromising physical performance.
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Michailidis Y. Correlations of Aerobic Capacity with External and Internal Load of Young Football Players during Small-Sided Games. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2258. [PMID: 38610469 PMCID: PMC11014189 DOI: 10.3390/s24072258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic capacity plays a crucial role in football performance, making it a focal point in training processes. Small-sided games (SSGs) are widely used in football training, but the relationship between aerobic capacity and running performance during SSGs remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate possible correlations between maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) and running performance in youth football players in SSGs (4:4, 3:3, 2:2, 1:1) with three different pitch sizes per player (150, 100, 75 m2/player). Sixteen male U15 football players participated in the study. Players underwent the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1, and their VO2max was estimated based on their performance. Subsequently, players participated in SSGs wearing GPS devices to measure internal and external load. Pearson or Spearman correlation was applied for statistical analysis depending on the normal distribution of the data. The results reveal that, for 4:4 and 3:3 relationships, larger pitches led to a greater impact of aerobic capacity (total distance (TD): 4:4, 150 m2/pl, r = 0.715, p = 0.002; 100 m2/pl, r = 0.656, p = 0.006; 75 m2/pl, r = 0.586, p = 0.017). In the 2:2 relationship, the opposite was observed, with more correlations appearing on smaller pitches (TD: 2:2, 100 m2/pl, r = 0.581, p = 0.018; 75 m2/pl, r = 0.747, p < 0.001). In the 1:1 relationship, correlations with VO2max, total distance, and speed were observed only on the larger pitch. In conclusion, the aerobic capacity of young football players can influence running performance indicators in SSGs. Therefore, aerobic capacity could serve as a criterion for team composition, making SSGs more competitive. Additionally, the variation in correlations in the 2:2 relationship and their limited presence in the 1:1 relationship may be attributed to technical-tactical factors, such as increased ball contacts and one-on-one situations typically occurring in smaller setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiannis Michailidis
- Laboratory of Evaluation of Human Biological Performance, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, New Buildings of Laboratories, University Campus of Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Coutinho D, Gonçalves B, Santos S, Travassos B, Schöllhorn W, Sampaio J. The effects of individual and collective variability on youth players' movement behaviours during football small-sided games. Res Sports Med 2023; 31:756-771. [PMID: 35200082 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2022.2042293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the effects of playing with additional individual (IND), collective (COL) or individual-collective (MIX) variability on youth football players' performance during small-sided games. Twelve youth football players (U17, age = 16.1 ± 0.9 years) played a goalkeeper (Gk) + 6 outfield players a-side (Gk+6vs6+Gk) under four conditions: (i) playing in the 1:2:3:1 formation without any other rule (control condition, CTR); (ii) 1:2:3:1 formation with additional body restrictions changing each minute (individual condition, IND); (iii) using different tactical formations modified each minute (collective condition, COL; (iv) using different tactical formations and body restrictions varied each minute (individual-collective condition, MIX). Generally, there were similar behaviours across conditions, especially for the CTR and the MIX. Nevertheless, the CTR condition presented moderate higher values in the lateral direction (p ≤ .05), while also higher longitudinal synchronization compared to the IND (p ≤ .05). The COL condition presented higher spatial exploration (p ≤ .05), which may justify the higher values for distance covered while running and sprinting (p ≤ .05). Overall, coaches may use the IND condition to refine players' technical actions, while the COL condition to develop players' ability to perform in different playing positions and team structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Coutinho
- Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Bruno Gonçalves
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal Football School, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sara Santos
- Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilha, Portugal
| | - Wolfgang Schöllhorn
- Institute for Training and Movement Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaime Sampaio
- Department of Sports Sciences, Exercise and Health, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), CreativeLab Research Community, Vila Real, Portugal
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Matos R, Moreira C, Alves E, Teixeira JE, Rodrigues F, Monteiro D, Antunes R, Forte P. Tactical Knowledge by Decision Making and Motor Efficiency of Young Football Players in Different Playing Positions during a Three-a-Side Small-Sided Game. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13040310. [PMID: 37102824 PMCID: PMC10135667 DOI: 10.3390/bs13040310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the tactical knowledge of young football players in different playing positions during a three-a-side small-sided game (SSG). Observational data was collected from 71 players (M = 12.16; SD = 1.55 years): 11 goalkeepers, 22 defenders, 15 midfielders, and 23 forwards. In total, 4 min of three-a-side SSGs (GR + 3 vs. 3 + GR) were recorded to assess tactical performance using a digital camera (GoPro Hero 6® version 02.01). The SSGs were performed on a field with a constant area (36 × 27 m). Video analyses were performed using LongoMatch® version 1.5.9 to record football performance; we then assessed tactical performance by using the Football Tactical Assessment System (Fut-Sat). This instrument evaluates the average of well-defined action indexes for each game in decision making principle and motor skills, specifically: (i) Decision Making Index (DMI); (ii) Motor Effectiveness Index (MEI); (iii) Effectiveness Index (I). The indexes were calculated by the ratio between the correct actions and the total. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate differences between playing positions. The results showed that tactical performance by principles seems to be significantly different according to playing position. Differences were found between defenders and forwards (H = -11.92; p = 0.03) and defenders and midfielders (H = -16.13; p = 0.01) in contention principle. In conclusion, tactical knowledge of training based on the principles of the game can help coaches and players better understand and predict each player's actions during the game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Matos
- Department of Sport, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Carlos Moreira
- Department of Sport, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Emília Alves
- Department of Sport, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, CIAFEL, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Eduardo Teixeira
- Department of Sport Science, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Department of Sport Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS- Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Research Center in Sports, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- ESECS- Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Raul Antunes
- ESECS- Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center, 2040-413 Leiria, Portugal
| | - Pedro Forte
- Department of Sport, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- CI-ISCE, Higher Institute of Educational Sciences of the Douro, 4560-708 Penafiel, Portugal
- Department of Sport Science, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Research Center in Sports, Health, and Human Development, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
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Abreu CDO, Morales JCP, Greco PJ, Praça GM. Training defensive high-press in soccer: physical and physiological responses to different small-sided games played by youth athletes. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2023.2198298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pablo Juan Greco
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Borges PH, da Costa JC, Ramos-Silva LF, Praça GM, Ronque ERV. Combined effect of game position and body size on network-based centrality measures performed by young soccer players in small-sided games. Front Psychol 2022; 13:873518. [PMID: 36072028 PMCID: PMC9443843 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study verified the effects of body size and game position on interactions performed by young soccer players in small-sided games (SSG). The sample consisted of 81 Brazilian soccer players (14.4 ± 1.1 years of age). Height, body mass, and trunk-cephalic height were measured. SSG was applied in the GK + 3v3 + GK format, and Social Network Analyses were carried out through filming the games to obtain the following prominence indicators: degree centrality, closeness centrality, degree prestige, and proximity prestige, in addition to network intensity and number of goals scored. Factorial ANCOVA (bone age as covariate) was used to test the effects of game position, body size, and respective interaction on centrality measurements (p < 0.05). Similarity between game positions in body size indicators (p > 0.05) was observed. The game position affected degree centrality (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.16), closeness centrality (p = 0.01, η2 = 0.11), and network intensity (p = 0.02, η2 = 0.09), in which midfielders presented the highest network prominence values when compared to defenders and forwards. In conclusion, midfielders are players with high interaction patterns in the main offensive plays, which behavior is independent of body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henrique Borges
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Paulo Henrique Borges,
| | - Julio Cesar da Costa
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Ramos-Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Gibson Moreira Praça
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Enio Ricardo Vaz Ronque
- Department of Physical Education, Center of Physical Education and Sport, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Small-Sided Soccer Games with Larger Relative Areas Result in Higher Physical and Physiological Responses: A Systematic and Meta-Analytical Review. J Hum Kinet 2022; 81:163-176. [PMID: 35291625 PMCID: PMC8884881 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2022-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically review the influence of the relative area on athletes’ physical and physiological responses (outcomes) during small-sided games of soccer which were not matched to the relative area. It also presents a meta-analysis comparing standard small-sided games protocols with different relative areas. We searched the Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases for literature published up to March 2020 following all PRISMA guidelines for selecting articles for a qualitative and quantitative synthesis. As a result, eleven articles matched the inclusion criteria. For the quantitative synthesis, a pooled random-effects model was used to make pairwise comparisons between protocols with larger or smaller areas in each selected study. Prediction intervals were used to assess the heterogeneity. We found positive effects of larger relative areas per player on their total distance (d = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.12–1.34; p = 0.006; medium to large effect), distance covered at high speed (d = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.22–1.65; p = 0.001; large effect), and mean heart rate (d = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.17–0.88; p = 0.008; medium effect). In other words, larger relative areas were found to induce higher physical and physiological responses in players. Future studies should consider the relative area per player when comparing data for different small-sided games configurations to avoid confounding variables. Also, coaches can use relative area per player calculations to easily predict increases and decreases in expected training loads for different versions of SSGs during training.
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Coito N, Folgado H, Romero F, Loureiro N, Travassos B. Variations in individual player area in youth football matches: the effects of changes of players’ age, numerical relations, and pitch zones. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2022.2025713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Coito
- Department of Sport Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Escola Superior de Desporto Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center, CIEQV, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Hugo Folgado
- Departamento de Desporto e Universidade de Évora, Évora, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Évora, Portugal
| | - Félix Romero
- Escola Superior de Desporto Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center, CIEQV, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Nuno Loureiro
- Escola Superior de Desporto Rio Maior (ESDRM-IPSantarém), Rio Maior, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Center, CIEQV, Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Department of Sport Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
- Portuguese Football Federation, Lisboa, Portugal
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Fitness improvements of young soccer players after high volume or small sided games interventions. Biol Sport 2021; 38:573-578. [PMID: 34937966 PMCID: PMC8670817 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal was to determine anaerobic and aerobic improvement of young soccer players after six-week high volume (HVT) or small sided games (SSG) training intervention. One hundred and one highly trained youth soccer players (16.2 ± 1.3 years) were divided into SSG (n = 51) and HVT groups (n = 50) and according to age into an under sixteen subgroup (U16), under seventeen subgroup (U17), and under nineteen subgroup (U19). The performance was assessed by Yo-Yo intermittent test, Repeated sprint ability test (RSA), and K-test before and after both training interventions. For U16 the SSG group recorded significant improvements in the K-test (0.64 ± 0.56 s; p = .04) and RSA (0.15 ± 0.43 s; p = .01). For U19 the SSG group recorded the same improvements, in the K-test (0.43 ± 0.57 s; p = .007), RSA (0.21 ± 0.22 s; p = .048), and Yo-Yo test (127.25 ± 17.87; p = .049). HVT improved aerobic performance when the Yo-Yo test was significantly better after intervention at U17 (199.00 ± 111.83 m; p = .030), U19 (88.40 ± 66.38 m; p = .049). In total, the HVT group spent 621 min (56.45 ± 5.01 min) of aerobic training and the Small sided game group spent 291 min (26.45 ± 8.61 min) of small sided games focused on aerobic performance. This study showed that both SSG and HVT training interventions were effective for aerobic improvement for the U19 category, but not for younger players. SSG was identified to be more appropriate to fitness development of soccer players.
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Praça GM, Moreira PED, Dieguez GTDO, Barbosa TDO, Brandão LHA, Custódio IJDO. The impact of match venue on performance indicators and tactical behaviour in youth soccer players. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2021.1952831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Praça GM, Andrade AGP, Bredt SDGT, Moura FA, Moreira PED. Progression to the target vs. regular rules in Soccer small-sided Games. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:66-71. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1869811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gibson Moreira Praça
- Departamento de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Felipe Arruda Moura
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, BrazilDepartamento de Ciências do Esporte, , Londrina, Brazil
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Praça GM, Chagas MH, Bredt SGT, Andrade AGP, Custódio IJO, Rochael M. The influence of the offside rule on players’ positional dynamics in soccer small-sided games. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2020; 5:144-149. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2020.1819559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Heleno Chagas
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcelo Rochael
- Sports Department, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Relationships between Players’ Physical Performance and Small-Sided Game External Responses in a Youth Soccer Training Context. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was twofold: 1) To compare players’ physical performance and small-sided game (SSG) external responses among three young soccer age categories (i.e., under 14 (U14), under 16 (U16), and under 18 (U18)); and 2) to examine their relationships among physical performance and SSG external responses in each age category. Players’ physical performance was evaluated via several tests and external responses were collected during a four vs. four plus goalkeepers SSG. Main results showed that while older players presented better linear straight sprinting tests (LSSTs) (U18 and U16 vs. U14, p < 0.01), repeated sprint ability (RSA) (U18 vs. U16 and U14 p < 0.01), and change of direction ability (CODA) (U18 and U16 vs. U14, p < 0.01, ES = 2.34−2.72) performances, these differences were not consistent with their SSG external responses (U16 vs. U14, p < 0.01; U18 vs. U16, p < 0.01). Conversely, higher number of associations between players’ physical performance and SSG external responses were found in younger players in comparison to the older ones. These results suggest that while greater physical performance in younger players (i.e., U14) could allow them to exhibit higher external responses, greater physical performance did not influence older players’ (i.e., U18) SSG external responses.
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Castillo D, Raya-González J, Manuel Clemente F, Yanci J. The influence of offside rule and pitch sizes on the youth soccer players' small-sided games external loads. Res Sports Med 2020; 28:324-338. [PMID: 32183556 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2020.1739687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to analyse the influence of the offside rule and pitch sizes on the external loads encountered by young soccer players during small-sided games (SSGs). Twenty-four U12 soccer players belonged to the same Spanish Performance Soccer Academy participated in the study. Each player participated in six different SSGs attending to the offside rule (i.e., offside not applicable [NOS] and with offside [WOS]) and the pitch sizes (i.e., individual interaction space [IIS] of 25, 50 and 75 m2 per player). The obtained data included measures of external loads by global positioning systems. Players covered higher total distance and greater distances at jogging (8-12.9 km·h-1), cruising (13.0-16.0 km·h-1) and sprinting (>16.0 km·h-1) in NOS75 and WOS75 SSGs (p < 0.01; d = 0.65-6.60). Besides, in the NOS75 SSG, the total distance and the distance at cruising were higher in respect to WOS75 (p < 0.01; d = 0.63-0.82). In addition, players performed lower sprints (p < 0.01; d = 1.17-1.71) and achieved lower Vmax (p > 0.05; d = 1.10-1.88) during NOS25 and WOS25 SSGs. These findings could provide relevant information for coaches in order to apply different pitch sizes and the inclusion/absence of the offside rule throughout the microcycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Castillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Isabel I , Burgos, Spain
| | | | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Sports Sciences Department, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo , Melgaço, Portugal
| | - Javier Yanci
- Physical Education and Sport Department, Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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