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Kudo Y, Nakamura K, Tsuzuki H, Hirota K, Kawai M, Takaya D, Fukuzawa K, Honma T, Yoshino Y, Nakamura M, Shiota M, Fujimoto N, Ikari A, Endo S. Docosahexaenoic acid enhances the treatment efficacy for castration-resistant prostate cancer by inhibiting autophagy through Atg4B inhibition. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 760:110135. [PMID: 39181384 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.110135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy induction in cancer is involved in cancer progression and the acquisition of resistance to anticancer agents. Therefore, autophagy is considered a potential therapeutic target in cancer therapy. In this study, we found that long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) have inhibitory effects on Atg4B, which is essential for autophagosome formation, through screening based on the pharmacophore of 21f, a recently developed Atg4B inhibitor. Among these fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a polyunsaturated fatty acid, exhibited the most potent Atg4B inhibitory activity. DHA inhibited autophagy induced by androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSI) in LNCaP and 22Rv1 prostate cancer cells and significantly increased apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of DHA on resistance to ARSI by establishing darolutamide-resistant prostate cancer 22Rv1 (22Rv1/Dar) cells, which had developed resistance to darolutamide, a novel ARSI. At baseline, 22Rv1/Dar cells showed a higher autophagy level than parental 22Rv1 cells. DHA significantly suppressed Dar-induced autophagy and sensitized 22Rv1/Dar cells by inducing apoptotic cell death through mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggest that DHA supplementation may improve prostate cancer therapy with ARSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Kudo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kana Nakamura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Honoka Tsuzuki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hirota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Mina Kawai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaori Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teruki Honma
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Laboratories of Drug Informatics, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naohiro Fujimoto
- Department of Urology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Akira Ikari
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Satoshi Endo
- The United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan; Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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2
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McMann E, Gorski SM. Last but not least: emerging roles of the autophagy-related protein ATG4D. Autophagy 2024; 20:1916-1927. [PMID: 38920354 PMCID: PMC11346562 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2369436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved ATG4 cysteine proteases regulate macroautophagy/autophagy through the priming and deconjugation of the Atg8-family proteins. In mammals there are four ATG4 family members (ATG4A, ATG4B, ATG4C, ATG4D) but ATG4D has been relatively understudied. Heightened interest in ATG4D has been stimulated by recent links to human disease. Notably, genetic variations in human ATG4D were implicated in a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder. Genetic analyses in dogs, along with loss-of-function zebrafish and mouse models, further support a neuroprotective role for ATG4D. Here we discuss the evidence connecting ATG4D to neurological diseases and other pathologies and summarize its roles in both autophagy-dependent and autophagy-independent cellular processes.Abbrevation: ATG: autophagy related; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BH3: BCL2 homology region 3; CASP3: caspase 3; EV: extracellular vesicle; GABA: gamma aminobutyric acid; GABARAP: GABA type A receptor-associated protein; GABARAPL1: GABA type A receptor associated protein like 1; GABARAPL2: GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2; GFP: green fluorescent protein; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; MYC: MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PS: phosphatidylserine; QKO: quadruple knockout; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily McMann
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sharon M. Gorski
- Canada’s Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Nturubika BD, Guardia CM, Gershlick DC, Logan JM, Martini C, Heatlie JK, Lazniewska J, Moore C, Lam GT, Li KL, Ung BSY, Brooks RD, Hickey SM, Bert AG, Gregory PA, Butler LM, O'Leary JJ, Brooks DA, Johnson IRD. Altered expression of vesicular trafficking machinery in prostate cancer affects lysosomal dynamics and provides insight into the underlying biology and disease progression. Br J Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41416-024-02829-x. [PMID: 39217195 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02829-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study focuses on the role of lysosomal trafficking in prostate cancer, given the essential role of lysosomes in cellular homoeostasis. METHODS Lysosomal motility was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy of LAMP-1-transfected prostate cells and spot-tracking analysis. Expression of lysosomal trafficking machinery was evaluated in patient cohort databases and through immunohistochemistry on tumour samples. The roles of vesicular trafficking machinery were evaluated through over-expression and siRNA. The effects of R1881 treatment on lysosome vesicular trafficking was evaluated by RNA sequencing, protein quantification and fixed- and live-cell microscopy. RESULTS Altered regulation of lysosomal trafficking genes/proteins was observed in prostate cancer tissue, with significant correlations for co-expression of vesicular trafficking machinery in Gleason patterns. The expression of trafficking machinery was associated with poorer patient outcomes. R1881 treatment induced changes in lysosomal distribution, number, and expression of lysosomal vesicular trafficking machinery in hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cells. Manipulation of genes involved in lysosomal trafficking events induced changes in lysosome positioning and cell phenotype, as well as differential effects on cell migration, in non-malignant and prostate cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide novel insights into the altered regulation and functional impact of lysosomal vesicular trafficking in prostate cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bukuru D Nturubika
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Placental Cell Biology Group, National Institute of Environmental Health and Science, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - David C Gershlick
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jessica M Logan
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Carmela Martini
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jessica K Heatlie
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Courtney Moore
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Giang T Lam
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ka L Li
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Ben S-Y Ung
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia City East Campus, Frome Rd, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Philip A Gregory
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Lisa M Butler
- South Australian ImmunoGENomics Cancer Institute and Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Solid Tumour Program, Precision Cancer Medicine theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Douglas A Brooks
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Ian R D Johnson
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Group, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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Xu X, Hu M, Ying R, Zou J, Du Z, Lin L, Lan T, Wang H, Hou Y, Cheng H, Zhou R. RAB37-mediated autophagy guards ovarian homeostasis and function. Autophagy 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39113565 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2389568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Loss of ovarian homeostasis is associated with ovary dysfunction and female diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the establishment of homeostasis and its function in the ovary have not been fully elucidated. Here, we showed that conditional knockout of Rab37 in oocytes impaired macroautophagy/autophagy proficiency in the ovary and interfered with follicular homeostasis and ovary development in mice. Flunarizine treatment upregulated autophagy, thus rescuing the impairment of follicular homeostasis and ovarian dysfunction in rab37 knockout mice by reprogramming of homeostasis. Notably, both the E2F1 and EGR2 transcription factors synergistically activated Rab37 transcription and promoted autophagy. Thus, RAB37-mediated autophagy ensures ovary function by maintaining ovarian homeostasis.Abbreviations: AMH: anti-Mullerian hormone; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; cKO: conditional knockout; Cre: cyclization recombination enzyme; dpp: days postpartum; E2: estradiol; E2F1: E2F transcription factor 1; EBF1: EBF transcription factor 1; EGR2: early growth response 2; FSH: follicle stimulating hormone; LH: luteinizing hormone; mpp: months postpartum; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; RAB37: RAB37, member RAS oncogene family; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; TFEB: transcription factor EB; Zp3: zona pellucida glycoprotein 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mengxin Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruhong Ying
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuoyue Du
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Lin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Hou
- Department of Radiological Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanhua Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rongjia Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Kong MM, Wei T, Liu B, Xi ZX, Ding JT, Liu X, Li K, Qin TL, Qian ZY, Wu WC, Wu JZ, Li WL. Discovery of novel ULK1 inhibitors through machine learning-guided virtual screening and biological evaluation. Future Med Chem 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39145469 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2385288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Build a virtual screening model for ULK1 inhibitors based on artificial intelligence. Materials & methods: Build machine learning and deep learning classification models and combine molecular docking and biological evaluation to screen ULK1 inhibitors from 13 million compounds. And molecular dynamics was used to explore the binding mechanism of active compounds. Results & conclusion: Possibly due to less available training data, machine learning models significantly outperform deep learning models. Among them, the Naive Bayes model has the best performance. Through virtual screening, we obtained three inhibitors with IC50 of μM level and they all bind well to ULK1. This study provides an efficient virtual screening model and three promising compounds for the study of ULK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Kong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision & Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Tao Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, SAR, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Xi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Jun-Tao Ding
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Ke Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Tian-Li Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Qian
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Wen-Can Wu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jian-Zhang Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision & Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wu-Lan Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
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6
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Kurganovs NJ, Engedal N. To eat or not to eat: a critical review on the role of autophagy in prostate carcinogenesis and prostate cancer therapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1419806. [PMID: 38910881 PMCID: PMC11190189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1419806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Around 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during their lifetime. Many strides have been made in the understanding and treatment of this malignancy over the years, however, despite this; treatment resistance and disease progression remain major clinical concerns. Recent evidence indicate that autophagy can affect cancer formation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that can remove unnecessary or dysfunctional components of the cell as a response to metabolic or environmental stress. Due to the emerging importance of autophagy in cancer, targeting autophagy should be considered as a potential option in disease management. In this review, along with exploring the advances made on understanding the role of autophagy in prostate carcinogenesis and therapeutics, we will critically consider the conflicting evidence observed in the literature and suggest how to obtain stronger experimental evidence, as the application of current findings in clinical practice is presently not viable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Jayne Kurganovs
- Autophagy in Cancer Lab, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nikolai Engedal
- Autophagy in Cancer Lab, Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Tumor Biology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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7
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Fu W, Xu L, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Chen S, Li Q, You X. Luteolin induces ferroptosis in prostate cancer cells by promoting TFEB nuclear translocation and increasing ferritinophagy. Prostate 2024; 84:223-236. [PMID: 37904332 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the second most common cancer in men and the leading cause of cancer-related death, prostate cancer (PCa) could potentially be treated by inducing ferroptosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether luteolin could induce ferroptosis in PCa cells through the transcription Factor EB (TFEB). METHODS Different concentrations of luteolin were applied to treat normal prostate epithelial cells RWPE-1 and PCa cell lines DU145, PC-3, VCaP, and LNcaP. Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), Necrostain-1 (Nec-1), 3-methyladenine (3-MA), chloroquine (CQ), and the apoptosis inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK) were added to treat DU145 and PC-3 cells. Additionally, we knocked down TFEB and performed in vitro cell experiments. Finally, tumor-forming experiments in nude mice were conducted to verify luteolin mechanism in PCa after knocking down TFEB. RESULTS There was no significant difference in RWPE-1 at 12, 24, and 48 h after treatment with 60 μM luteolin. However, a significant difference was observed between DU145 and PC-3 cells. Luteolin exhibited a promoting effect on PCa cell death. After treatment with luteolin, cell viability, and Ki67 expression were decreased, and AnV-PI-positive dead cells were increased. Fer-1, Nec-1, 3-MA, and Z-VAD-FMK reversed luteolin effects on DU145 and PC-3 cell viability, proliferation, and AnV-PI-positive dead cells. Among them, Fer-1 and 3-MA were more effective. Luteolin-induced increased autophagy and ferroptosis in DU145 and PC-3 cells. Moreover, luteolin promoted ferroptosis by inducing increased autophagy in DU145 and PC-3 cells. However, knockdown of TFEB reversed the ability of luteolin to induce lysosome degradation of ferritin. In addition, luteolin promoted PCa ferroptosis by inducing ferritinophagy in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Luteolin-induced ferroptosis in PCa cells by promoting TFEB nuclear translocation and increasing ferritinophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yingwen Chen
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zezheng Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuchao Chen
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qixin Li
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xujun You
- Department of Andrology, Shenzhen Bao'an Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Wu LX, Tan XY, Xu YC, Zheng H, Wei XL, Lv WH, Luo Z. SIRT1-NRF2-TFEB axis-mediated hepatic lipophagy alleviates the lipid deposition induced by high glucose in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110894. [PMID: 37597585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic stress induces lipophagy, a crucial process in lipid catabolism, which is under the regulation of autophagy involving transcription factor EB (TFEB). However, the precise mechanisms underlying TFEB's control remain enigmatic. In this study, we focused on yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) as the model to investigate lipophagy activation under high glucose-induced lipid deposition. We hypothesized that lipophagy mediates high glucose-induced lipid deposition and proposed the involvement of the SIRT1-NRF2-TFEB pathway in the activation of lipophagy. We found that there was a functional antioxidative responsive element (ARE) on the tfeb gene promoter; high glucose (HG) increased the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) recruitment to the tfeb promoter; TFEB, whose expression is regulated by NRF2, mediated the HG-induced activation of lipophagy and lipolysis. Moreover, we found that HG increased the silencing information regulator 2 related enzymes 1 (SIRT1) expression, and that the SIRT1 mediates NRF2 translocation to the nucleus, increased TFEB expression and activated autophagy. In the glucose tolerance test, blood glucose increased rapidly and plateaued at 4-h glucose after injection and then declined until 48-h post-injection. Generally speaking, the transcript level and protein expression of SIRT1, NRF2, TFEB, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B), and autophagy-related 6 (Beclin1) showed similar trend after glucose injection, and trends to increase and plateau at 4-h injection, then decline until 16-h post-injection, and finally increased until 48-h post-injection. These results indicated that the SIRT1-NRF2-TFEB axis-mediated lipophagy may be an adaptive response to glucose injection. Collectively, for the first time, we found that NRF2 was associated directly with TFEB-mediated transcriptional control of hepatic lipophagy, and that lipophagy helps to alleviate the HG-induced lipid deposition via SIRT1-NRF2-TFEB activation in yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xiang Wu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Tan
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Chuang Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wei
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wu-Hong Lv
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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9
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Oyer HM, Steck AR, Longen CG, Venkat S, Bayrak K, Munger EB, Fu D, Castagnino PA, Sanders CM, Tancler NA, Mai MT, Myers JP, Schiewer MJ, Chen N, Mostaghel EA, Kim FJ. Sigma1 Regulates Lipid Droplet-mediated Redox Homeostasis Required for Prostate Cancer Proliferation. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:2195-2210. [PMID: 37874216 PMCID: PMC10615122 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are dynamic organelles that serve as hubs of cellular metabolic processes. Emerging evidence shows that LDs also play a critical role in maintaining redox homeostasis and can mitigate lipid oxidative stress. In multiple cancers, including prostate cancer, LD accumulation is associated with cancer aggressiveness, therapy resistance, and poor clinical outcome. Prostate cancer arises as an androgen receptor (AR)-driven disease. Among its myriad roles, AR mediates the biosynthesis of LDs, induces autophagy, and modulates cellular oxidative stress in a tightly regulated cycle that promotes cell proliferation. The factors regulating the interplay of these metabolic processes downstream of AR remain unclear. Here, we show that Sigma1/SIGMAR1, a unique ligand-operated scaffolding protein, regulates LD metabolism in prostate cancer cells. Sigma1 inhibition triggers lipophagy, an LD selective form of autophagy, to prevent accumulation of LDs which normally act to sequester toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This disrupts the interplay between LDs, autophagy, buffering of oxidative stress and redox homeostasis, and results in the suppression of cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Consistent with these experimental results, SIGMAR1 transcripts are strongly associated with lipid metabolism and ROS pathways in prostate tumors. Altogether, these data reveal a novel, pharmacologically responsive role for Sigma1 in regulating the redox homeostasis required by oncogenic metabolic programs that drive prostate cancer proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE To proliferate, cancer cells must maintain productive metabolic and oxidative stress (eustress) while mitigating destructive, uncontrolled oxidative stress (distress). LDs are metabolic hubs that enable adaptive responses to promote eustress. Targeting the unique Sigma1 protein can trigger distress by disrupting the LD-mediated homeostasis required for proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halley M. Oyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alexandra R. Steck
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Charles G. Longen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sanjana Venkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Konuralp Bayrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eleanor B. Munger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Dan Fu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paola A. Castagnino
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina M. Sanders
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathalia A. Tancler
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - My T. Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Justin P. Myers
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew J. Schiewer
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Urology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elahe A. Mostaghel
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | - Felix J. Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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10
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Xiang X, Xie L, Lin J, Pare R, Huang G, Huang J, Wang Y, Song S, Ruan Y. Estrogen receptor alpha mediates 17β-estradiol, up-regulates autophagy and alleviates hydrogen peroxide-induced vascular senescence. Biogerontology 2023; 24:783-799. [PMID: 36683095 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis threatens human health by developing cardiovascular diseases, the deadliest disease world widely. The major mechanism contributing to the formation of atherosclerosis is mainly due to vascular endothelial cell (VECs) senescence. We have shown that 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) may protect VECs from senescence by upregulating autophagy. However, little is known about how 17β-E2 activates the autophagy pathway to alleviate cellular senescence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the role of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β in the effects of 17β-E2 on vascular autophagy and aging through in vitro and in vivo models. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to establish Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) senescence. Autophagy activity was measured through immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining of light chain 3 (LC3) expression. Inhibition of ER activity was established using shRNA gene silencing and ER antagonist. Compared with ER-β knockdown, we found that knockdown of ER-α resulted in a significant increase in the extent of HUVEC senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) secretion. ER-α-specific shRNA was found to reduce 17β-E2-induced autophagy, promote HUVEC senescence, disrupt the morphology of HUVECs, and increase the expression of Rb dephosphorylation and SASP. These in vitro findings were found consistent with the in vivo results. In conclusion, our data suggest that 17β-E2 activates the activity of ER-α and then increases the formation of autophagosomes (LC3 high expression) and decreases the fusion of lysosomes with autophagic vesicles (P62 low expression), which in turn serves to decrease the secretion of SASP caused by H2O2 and consequently inhibit H2O2-induced senescence in HUVEC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Xiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - LiangZhen Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieqi Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Rahmawati Pare
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Guanshen Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shicong Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjun Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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11
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Jameel M, Fatma H, Nadtochii LA, Siddique HR. Molecular Insight into Prostate Cancer: Preventive Role of Selective Bioactive Molecules. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1976. [PMID: 37895357 PMCID: PMC10608662 DOI: 10.3390/life13101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most prevalent male malignancies, accounting for a considerable number of annual mortalities. However, the prompt identification of early-stage CaP often faces delays due to diverse factors, including socioeconomic inequalities. The androgen receptor (AR), in conjunction with various other signaling pathways, exerts a central influence on the genesis, progression, and metastasis of CaP, with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) serving as the primary therapeutic strategy. Therapeutic modalities encompassing surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal intervention, and radiotherapy have been formulated for addressing early and metastatic CaP. Nonetheless, the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment frequently triggers the activation of signaling pathways, culminating in the emergence of chemoresistance, an aspect to which cancer stem cells (CSCs) notably contribute. Phytochemicals emerge as reservoirs of bioactive agents conferring manifold advantages against human morbidity. Several of these phytochemicals demonstrate potential chemoprotective and chemosensitizing properties against CaP, with selectivity exhibited towards malignant cells while sparing their normal counterparts. In this context, the present review aims to elucidate the intricate molecular underpinnings associated with metastatic CaP development and the acquisition of chemoresistance. Moreover, the contributions of phytochemicals to ameliorating CaP initiation, progression, and chemoresistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jameel
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (H.F.)
| | - Homa Fatma
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (H.F.)
| | - Liudmila A. Nadtochii
- Department of Microbiology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical & Pharmaceutical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (H.F.)
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12
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Lei Y, Klionsky DJ. Transcriptional regulation of autophagy and its implications in human disease. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1416-1429. [PMID: 37045910 PMCID: PMC10244319 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway that is vital for maintaining cell homeostasis and promoting cell survival under stressful conditions. Dysregulation of autophagy is associated with a variety of human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, this pathway must be precisely regulated at multiple levels, involving epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms, to prevent inappropriate autophagy activity. In this review, we focus on autophagy regulation at the transcriptional level, summarizing the transcription factors that control autophagy gene expression in both yeast and mammalian cells. Because the expression and/or subcellular localization of some autophagy transcription factors are altered in certain diseases, we also discuss how changes in transcriptional regulation of autophagy are associated with human pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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13
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Metur SP, Lei Y, Zhang Z, Klionsky DJ. Regulation of autophagy gene expression and its implications in cancer. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260631. [PMID: 37199330 PMCID: PMC10214848 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic cellular process that targets and eliminates superfluous cytoplasmic components via lysosomal degradation. This evolutionarily conserved process is tightly regulated at multiple levels as it is critical for the maintenance of homeostasis. Research in the past decade has established that dysregulation of autophagy plays a major role in various diseases, such as cancer and neurodegeneration. However, modulation of autophagy as a therapeutic strategy requires identification of key players that can fine tune the induction of autophagy without complete abrogation. In this Review, we summarize the recent discoveries on the mechanism of regulation of ATG (autophagy related) gene expression at the level of transcription, post transcription and translation. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the role of aberrant expression of ATG genes in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shree Padma Metur
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhihai Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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14
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Ariano C, Costanza F, Akman M, Riganti C, Corà D, Casanova E, Astanina E, Comunanza V, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. TFEB inhibition induces melanoma shut-down by blocking the cell cycle and rewiring metabolism. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:314. [PMID: 37160873 PMCID: PMC10170071 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanomas are characterised by accelerated cell proliferation and metabolic reprogramming resulting from the contemporary dysregulation of the MAPK pathway, glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Here, we suggest that the oncogenic transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and function, controls melanoma tumour growth through a transcriptional programme targeting ERK1/2 activity and glucose, glutamine and cholesterol metabolism. Mechanistically, TFEB binds and negatively regulates the promoter of DUSP-1, which dephosphorylates ERK1/2. In melanoma cells, TFEB silencing correlates with ERK1/2 dephosphorylation at the activation-related p-Thr185 and p-Tyr187 residues. The decreased ERK1/2 activity synergises with TFEB control of CDK4 expression, resulting in cell proliferation blockade. Simultaneously, TFEB rewires metabolism, influencing glycolysis, glucose and glutamine uptake, and cholesterol synthesis. In TFEB-silenced melanoma cells, cholesterol synthesis is impaired, and the uptake of glucose and glutamine is inhibited, leading to a reduction in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, the reduction in TFEB level induces reverses TCA cycle, leading to fatty acid production. A syngeneic BRAFV600E melanoma model recapitulated the in vitro study results, showing that TFEB silencing sustains the reduction in tumour growth, increase in DUSP-1 level and inhibition of ERK1/2 action, suggesting a pivotal role for TFEB in maintaining proliferative melanoma cell behaviour and the operational metabolic pathways necessary for meeting the high energy demands of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ariano
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - F Costanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - M Akman
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - C Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - D Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, Piemonte Orientale University, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases - CAAD, Novara, Italy
| | - E Casanova
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - E Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - V Comunanza
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - F Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - G Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute- FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
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15
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Wang T, Qin Y, Ye Z, Jing DS, Fan GX, Liu MQ, Zhuo QF, Ji SR, Chen XM, Yu XJ, Xu XW, Li Z. A new glance at autophagolysosomal-dependent or -independent function of transcriptional factor EB in human cancer. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023:10.1038/s41401-023-01078-7. [PMID: 37012494 PMCID: PMC10374590 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy-lysosome system plays a variety of roles in human cancers. In addition to being implicated in metabolism, it is also involved in tumor immunity, remodeling the tumor microenvironment, vascular proliferation, and promoting tumor progression and metastasis. Transcriptional factor EB (TFEB) is a major regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal system. With the in-depth studies on TFEB, researchers have found that it promotes various cancer phenotypes by regulating the autophagolysosomal system, and even in an autophagy-independent way. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about TFEB in various types of cancer (melanoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and lung cancer), and shed some light on the mechanisms by which it may serve as a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Zeng Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - De-Sheng Jing
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Gui-Xiong Fan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Meng-Qi Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi-Feng Zhuo
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shun-Rong Ji
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xue-Min Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Xiao-Wu Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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16
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Huang Y, Yang F, Zhang W, Zhou Y, Duan D, Liu S, Li J, Zhao Y. A novel lysosome-related gene signature coupled with gleason score for prognosis prediction in prostate cancer. Front Genet 2023; 14:1135365. [PMID: 37065491 PMCID: PMC10098196 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1135365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) is highly heterogeneous, which makes it difficult to precisely distinguish the clinical stages and histological grades of tumor lesions, thereby leading to large amounts of under- and over-treatment. Thus, we expect the development of novel prediction approaches for the prevention of inadequate therapies. The emerging evidence demonstrates the pivotal role of lysosome-related mechanisms in the prognosis of PCa. In this study, we aimed to identify a lysosome-related prognostic predictor in PCa for future therapies.Methods: The PCa samples involved in this study were gathered from The Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) (n = 552) and cBioPortal database (n = 82). During screening, we categorized PCa patients into two immune groups based on median ssGSEA scores. Then, the Gleason score and lysosome-related genes were included and screened out by using a univariate Cox regression analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operation (LASSO) analysis. Following further analysis, the probability of progression free interval (PFI) was modeled by using unadjusted Kaplan–Meier estimation curves and a multivariable Cox regression analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, nomogram and calibration curve were used to examine the predictive value of this model in discriminating progression events from non-events. The model was trained and repeatedly validated by creating a training set (n = 400), an internal validation set (n = 100) and an external validation (n = 82) from the cohort.Results: Following grouping by ssGSEA score, the Gleason score and two LRGs—neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1) and gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (IFI30)—were screened out to differentiate patients with or without progression (1-year AUC = 0.787; 3-year AUC = 0.798; 5-year AUC = 0.772; 10-year AUC = 0.832). Patients with a higher risk showed poorer outcomes (p < 0.0001) and a higher cumulative hazard (p < 0.0001). Besides this, our risk model combined LRGs with the Gleason score and presented a more accurate prediction of PCa prognosis than the Gleason score alone. In three validation sets, our model still achieved high prediction rates.Conclusion: In conclusion, this novel lysosome-related gene signature, coupled with the Gleason score, works well in PCa for prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yupeng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dengyi Duan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianmin Li, ; Yang Zhao,
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jianmin Li, ; Yang Zhao,
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17
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Gebrie A. Transcription factor EB as a key molecular factor in human health and its implication in diseases. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231157209. [PMID: 36891126 PMCID: PMC9986912 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231157209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB, as a component of the microphthalmia family of transcription factors, has been demonstrated to be a key controller of autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis. Transcription factor EB is activated by stressors such as nutrition and deprivation of growth factors, hypoxia, lysosomal stress, and mitochondrial injury. To achieve the ultimate functional state, it is controlled in a variety of modes, such as in its rate of transcription, post-transcriptional control, and post-translational alterations. Due to its versatile role in numerous signaling pathways, including the Wnt, calcium, AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling pathways, transcription factor EB-originally identified to be an oncogene-is now well acknowledged as a regulator of a wide range of physiological systems, including autophagy-lysosomal biogenesis, response to stress, metabolism, and energy homeostasis. The well-known and recently identified roles of transcription factor EB suggest that this protein might play a central role in signaling networks in a number of non-communicable illnesses, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, drug resistance mechanisms, immunological disease, and tissue growth. The important developments in transcription factor EB research since its first description are described in this review. This review helps to advance transcription factor EB from fundamental research into therapeutic and regenerative applications by shedding light on how important a role it plays in human health and disease at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alemu Gebrie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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18
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Moruno-Manchon J, Noh B, McCullough L. Sex-biased autophagy as a potential mechanism mediating sex differences in ischemic stroke outcome. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:31-37. [PMID: 35799505 PMCID: PMC9241419 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.340406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide, and biological sex is an important determining factor in stroke incidence and pathology. From childhood through adulthood, men have a higher incidence of stroke compared with women. Abundant research has confirmed the beneficial effects of estrogen in experimental ischemic stroke but genetic factors such as the X-chromosome complement can also play an important role in determining sex differences in stroke. Autophagy is a self-degrading cellular process orchestrated by multiple core proteins, which leads to the engulfment of cytoplasmic material and degradation of cargo after autophagy vesicles fuse with lysosomes or endosomes. The levels and the activity of components of these signaling pathways and of autophagy-related proteins can be altered during ischemic insults. Ischemic stroke activates autophagy, however, whether inhibiting autophagy after stroke is beneficial in the brain is still under a debate. Autophagy is a potential mechanism that may contribute to differences in stroke progression between the sexes. Furthermore, the effects of manipulating autophagy may also differ between the sexes. Mechanisms that regulate autophagy in a sex-dependent manner in ischemic stroke remain unexplored. In this review, we summarize clinical and pre-clinical evidence for sex differences in stroke. We briefly introduce the autophagy process and summarize the effects of gonadal hormones in autophagy in the brain and discuss X-linked genes that could potentially regulate brain autophagy. Finally, we review pre-clinical studies that address the mechanisms that could mediate sex differences in brain autophagy after stroke.
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19
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METTL3 boosts glycolysis and cardiac fibroblast proliferation by increasing AR methylation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:899-915. [PMID: 36370857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated glycolysis has been noted in several pathological processes characterized by supporting cell proliferation. Nonetheless, the role of glycolysis reprogramming is not well appreciated in cardiac fibrosis which is accompanied by increased fibroblasts proliferation. In this study, we investigated the cause and consequence of glycolysis reprogramming in cardiac fibrosis, using clinical samples, animal models, and cultured cells. Herein, we report that methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) facilitates glycolysis and cardiac fibroblasts proliferation, leading to cardiac fibrosis. The augmentation of glycolysis, an essential event during cardiac fibroblasts proliferation, is dependent on an increased expression of METTL3. A knockdown of METTL3 suppressed glycolysis, and inhibited cardiac fibroblast proliferation and cardiac fibrosis. Mechanistically, METTL3 epigenetically repressed androgen receptor (AR) expression in an m6A-YTHDF2- dependent manner, by targeting the specific AR m6A site. AR could interact with the glycolysis marker HIF-1α, and down-regulation of AR activates HIF-1α signaling, resulting in enhanced glycolysis and cardiac fibroblast proliferation. In contrast, the overexpression of AR significantly reduced the HIF-1α axis, decreased expression of glycolytic enzymes HK3, inhibited glycolysis, and repressed cardiac fibroblasts proliferation. Notably, increased METTL3 and YTHDF2 levels, decreased AR expression, increased HIF-1α and Postn expression and augmented glycolysis, and increased cardiac fibrosis were detected in human atrial fibrillation heart tissues. Our results found a novel mechanism by which METTL3-catalyzed m6A modification in cardiac fibrosis, wherein it facilitated glycolysis and cardiac fibroblasts proliferation by increasing AR methylation in an m6A-YTHDF2- dependent manner and provided new insights strategies to intervene cardiac fibrosis.
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Garcia EA, Bhatti I, Henson ES, Gibson SB. Prostate Cancer Cells Are Sensitive to Lysosomotropic Agent Siramesine through Generation Reactive Oxygen Species and in Combination with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225478. [PMID: 36428570 PMCID: PMC9688505 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting men often resulting in aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. Even with new treatment strategies, drug resistance often occurs in advanced prostate cancers. The use of lysosomotropic agents offers a new treatment possibility since they disrupt lysosomal membranes and can trigger a series of events leading to cell death. In addition, combining lysosomotropic agents with targeted inhibitors can induce increased cell death in different cancer types, but prostate cancer cells have not been investigated. METHODS We treated prostate cancer cells with lysosomotropic agents and determine their cytotoxicity, lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, we treated cells with lysosomotropic agent in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lapatinib, and determined cell death, and the role of ROS in this cell death. RESULTS Herein, we found that siramesine was the most effective lysosomotropic agent at inducing LMP, increasing ROS, and inducing cell death in three different prostate cancer cell lines. Siramesine was also effective at increasing cell death in combination with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lapatinib. This increase in cell death was mediated by lysosome membrane permeabilization, an increased in ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in mitochondrial ROS levels. The combination of siramesine and lapatinib induced apoptosis, cleavage of PARP and decreased expression of Bcl-2 family member Mcl-1. Furthermore, lipid peroxidation occurred with siramesine treatment alone or in combination with lapatinib. Treating cells with the lipid peroxidation inhibitor alpha-tocopherol resulted in reduced siramesine induced cell death alone or in combination with lapatinib. The combination of siramesine and lapatinib failed to increase cell death responses in normal prostate epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that lysomotropic agents such as siramesine in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors induces cell death mediated by ROS and could be an effective treatment strategy in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Ilsa Bhatti
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth S. Henson
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Spencer B. Gibson
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Spencer Gibson, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
- Correspondence:
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21
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Rzeszotek S, Kolasa A, Pilutin A, Misiakiewicz-Has K, Sielatycka K, Wiszniewska B. The Interplay between Finasteride-Induced Androgen Imbalance, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Liver Disorders in Paternal and Filial Generation. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2725. [PMID: 36359245 PMCID: PMC9687381 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Finasteride (Fin) causes androgen imbalance by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone (T) to its more active metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Androgen receptors (AR) are present (e.g., in hepatocytes), which have well-developed endoplasmic reticulum (ERet). Cellular protein quality control is carried out by ERet in two paths: (i) unfolded protein response (UPR) and/or (ii) endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD). ERet under continuous stress can generate changes in the UPR and can direct the cell on the pathway of life or death. It has been demonstrated that genes involved in ERet stress are among the genes controlled by androgens in some tissues. Oxidative stress is also one of the factors affecting the functions of ERet and androgens are one of the regulators of antioxidant enzyme activity. In this paper, we discuss/analyze a possible relationship between androgen imbalance in paternal generation with ERet stress and liver disorders in both paternal and filial generation. In our rat model, hyperglycemia and subsequent higher accumulation of hepatic glycogen were observed in all filial generation obtained from females fertilized by Fin-treated males (F1:Fin). Importantly, genes encoding enzymes involved in glucose and glycogen metabolism have been previously recognized among UPR targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Rzeszotek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Pilutin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamila Misiakiewicz-Has
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sielatycka
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Szczecin, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Wiszniewska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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22
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Zhang Y, Song XL, Yu B, Foong LC, Shu Y, Mai CW, Hu J, Dong B, Xue W, Chua CW. TP53 loss-of-function causes vulnerability to autophagy inhibition in aggressive prostate cancer. Int J Urol 2022; 29:1085-1094. [PMID: 35975690 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES TP53 loss-of-function is commonly found in aggressive prostate cancer. However, a highly-efficient therapy for this tumor subtype is still lacking. In this study, we investigated the relationship between TP53 mutation status and autophagy in prostate cancer and assessed the efficacy of autophagy inhibitors on TP53-deficient tumors. METHODS We first evaluated the expression patterns of p53 and autophagy-related proteins, namely LC3B, ULK1 and BECLIN1, as well as their relationship in treatment-naïve and castration-resistant prostate cancer specimens through immunohistochemistry. Subsequently, we generated a Trp53-deleted genetically-engineered mouse model, established prostate tumor organoid lines from the mice and assessed the efficacy of autophagy inhibitors in overcoming Enzalutamide resistance in the tumor organoid model. We also investigated the impact of TP53 re-expression in modulating responses to autophagy inhibitors using LNCaP cell line, which harbored a TP53 missense mutation. Lastly, we attempted to identify potential autophagy-related genes that were crucial for TP53-deficient tumor maintenance. RESULTS TP53 loss-of-function was associated with increased levels of autophagy-related proteins in aggressive prostate cancers and Trp53-deleted genetically-engineered mouse-derived tumors. Moreover, the generated androgen receptor-independent tumor organoids were highly vulnerable to autophagy inhibition. Upon TP53 re-expression, not only did the surviving LNCaP cells demonstrate resistance, but they also showed growth advantage in response to autophagy inhibition. Lastly, PEX14, an important peroxisomal regulator was differentially upregulated in aggressive tumors with TP53 loss-of-function mutations, thus implying the importance of peroxisome turnover in this tumor subtype. CONCLUSION Our results support the potential use of autophagy inhibitors in prostate cancers that contain TP53 loss-of-function mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian-Li Song
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lian-Chee Foong
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yu Shu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chee Wai Chua
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Signature for Prostate Cancer Based on Autophagy-Related Genes and a Nomogram for Quantitative Risk Stratification. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:7598942. [PMID: 35860692 PMCID: PMC9293571 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7598942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the most common malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among males worldwide. The essential role of autophagy in the progression of PCa and treatment resistance has been preliminarily revealed. However, comprehensive molecular elucidations of the correlation between PCa and autophagy are rare. Method. We obtained transcription information and corresponding clinicopathological profiles of PCa patients from TCGA, MSKCC, and GEO datasets. LAASO analysis was employed to select gene signatures and estimate the autophagy score for each patient. Correlations between the signature and prognosis of PCa were investigated by K-M and multivariate Cox regression analyses. A nomogram was established on the basis of the above results. Further validations relied on ROC, calibration analysis, decision curve analysis, and external cohorts. Variable activated signaling pathways were revealed using GSVA algorithms, and the genetic alteration landscape was elucidated via the oncodrive module from the “maftools” R package. In addition, we also examined the therapeutic role of the signature based on phenotype data from GDSC 2016. Result. Six autophagy-related genes were eventually selected to establish the signature, including ULK1, CAPN10, FKBP5, UBE2T, NLRC4, and BNIP3L. We used these genes and corresponding coefficients to calculate an autophagy score (AutS) for each patient in this study. A high AutS group and a low AutS group were divided on the mean AutS of the patients. Longer overall survival, higher Gleason score and PSA, and better response to ADT were observed in patients with high AutS. Meanwhile, we found that high AutS PCa was related to more proliferation-associated signaling activation and higher genetic mutation frequencies, manifesting a poor prognosis. A nomogram was constructed based on GS, T stage, PSA, and AutS as covariates. Its discriminative efficacy and clinical value were validated using robust statistical methods. Finally, we tested its prognostic value through two external cohorts and six published signatures. Conclusion. The autophagy-related gene signature is a highly discriminative model for risk stratification and drug therapy in PCa, and a nomogram incorporating AutS might be a promising tool for precision medicine.
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24
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Zou L, Liao M, Zhen Y, Zhu S, Chen X, Zhang J, Hao Y, Liu B. Autophagy and beyond: Unraveling the complexity of UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) from biological functions to therapeutic implications. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3743-3782. [PMID: 36213540 PMCID: PMC9532564 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), as a serine/threonine kinase, is an autophagic initiator in mammals and a homologous protein of autophagy related protein (Atg) 1 in yeast and of UNC-51 in Caenorhabditis elegans. ULK1 is well-known for autophagy activation, which is evolutionarily conserved in protein transport and indispensable to maintain cell homeostasis. As the direct target of energy and nutrition-sensing kinase, ULK1 may contribute to the distribution and utilization of cellular resources in response to metabolism and is closely associated with multiple pathophysiological processes. Moreover, ULK1 has been widely reported to play a crucial role in human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and infections, and subsequently targeted small-molecule inhibitors or activators are also demonstrated. Interestingly, the non-autophagy function of ULK1 has been emerging, indicating that non-autophagy-relevant ULK1 signaling network is also linked with diseases under some specific contexts. Therefore, in this review, we summarized the structure and functions of ULK1 as an autophagic initiator, with a focus on some new approaches, and further elucidated the key roles of ULK1 in autophagy and non-autophagy. Additionally, we also discussed the relationships between ULK1 and human diseases, as well as illustrated a rapid progress for better understanding of the discovery of more candidate small-molecule drugs targeting ULK1, which will provide a clue on novel ULK1-targeted therapeutics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Minru Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yongqi Zhen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiou Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiya Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
| | - Yue Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85503817.
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25
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Scholtes C, Giguère V. Transcriptional control of energy metabolism by nuclear receptors. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:750-770. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00486-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Abstract
In 2011, CAMKK2, the gene encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2), was demonstrated to be a direct target of the androgen receptor and a driver of prostate cancer progression. Results from multiple independent studies have confirmed these findings and demonstrated the potential role of CAMKK2 as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in advanced prostate cancer using a variety of preclinical models. Drug development efforts targeting CAMKK2 have begun accordingly. CAMKK2 regulation can vary across disease stages, which might have important implications in the use of CAMKK2 as a biomarker. Moreover, new non-cell-autonomous roles for CAMKK2 that could affect tumorigenesis, metastasis and possible comorbidities linked to disease and treatment have emerged and could present novel treatment opportunities for prostate cancer.
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27
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Regulation of Aging and Longevity by Ion Channels and Transporters. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071180. [PMID: 35406743 PMCID: PMC8997527 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie age-related physiological decline, our ability to translate these insights into actionable strategies to extend human healthspan has been limited. One of the major reasons for the existence of this barrier is that with a few important exceptions, many of the proteins that mediate aging have proven to be undruggable. The argument put forth here is that the amenability of ion channels and transporters to pharmacological manipulation could be leveraged to develop novel therapeutic strategies to combat aging. This review delves into the established roles for ion channels and transporters in the regulation of aging and longevity via their influence on membrane excitability, Ca2+ homeostasis, mitochondrial and endolysosomal function, and the transduction of sensory stimuli. The goal is to provide the reader with an understanding of emergent themes, and prompt further investigation into how the activities of ion channels and transporters sculpt the trajectories of cellular and organismal aging.
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28
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Cahuzac M, Langlois P, Péant B, Fleury H, Mes-Masson AM, Saad F. Pre-activation of autophagy impacts response to olaparib in prostate cancer cells. Commun Biol 2022; 5:251. [PMID: 35318456 PMCID: PMC8940895 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03210-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays an essential role in DNA repair and is targeted by anticancer therapies using PARP inhibitors (PARPi) such as olaparib. PARPi treatment in prostate cancer (PC) is currently used as a monotherapy or in combination with standard therapies (hormonotherapy) in clinical trials for patients with DNA damage response mutation. Unfortunately, 20% of these patients did not respond to this new treatment. This resistance mechanism in PC is still not well understood. Here, we report that autophagy affects differently the response of PC cell lines to olaparib depending on its activation status. Pre-activation of autophagy before olaparib resulted in an increase of DNA repair activity by homologous recombination (HR) to repair double-strand breaks induced by olaparib and enhanced cell proliferation. When autophagy was activated after olaparib treatment, or completely inhibited, PC cells demonstrated an increased sensitivity to this PARPi. This autophagy-mediated resistance is, in part, regulated by the nuclear localization of sequestrosome 1 (SQSTM1/p62). Decrease of SQSTM1/p62 nuclear localization due to autophagy pre-activation leads to an increase of filamin A (FLNA) protein expression and BRCA1/Rad51 recruitment involved in the HR pathway. Our results reveal that autophagy basal levels may in part determine amenability to PARPi treatment. Pre-activation of autophagy mediates resistance to olaparib by decreasing nuclear SQSTM1/p62, which increases homologous recombination-mediated repair through filamin A expression and BRCA1/Rad51 recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Cahuzac
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia Langlois
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Péant
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hubert Fleury
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Mes-Masson
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Fred Saad
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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29
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Ashrafizadeh M, Paskeh MDA, Mirzaei S, Gholami MH, Zarrabi A, Hashemi F, Hushmandi K, Hashemi M, Nabavi N, Crea F, Ren J, Klionsky DJ, Kumar AP, Wang Y. Targeting autophagy in prostate cancer: preclinical and clinical evidence for therapeutic response. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:105. [PMID: 35317831 PMCID: PMC8939209 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and new estimates revealed prostate cancer as the leading cause of death in men in 2021. Therefore, new strategies are pertinent in the treatment of this malignant disease. Macroautophagy/autophagy is a “self-degradation” mechanism capable of facilitating the turnover of long-lived and toxic macromolecules and organelles. Recently, attention has been drawn towards the role of autophagy in cancer and how its modulation provides effective cancer therapy. In the present review, we provide a mechanistic discussion of autophagy in prostate cancer. Autophagy can promote/inhibit proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Besides, metastasis of prostate cancer cells is affected (via induction and inhibition) by autophagy. Autophagy can affect the response of prostate cancer cells to therapy such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, given the close association between autophagy and apoptosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that upstream mediators such as AMPK, non-coding RNAs, KLF5, MTOR and others regulate autophagy in prostate cancer. Anti-tumor compounds, for instance phytochemicals, dually inhibit or induce autophagy in prostate cancer therapy. For improving prostate cancer therapy, nanotherapeutics such as chitosan nanoparticles have been developed. With respect to the context-dependent role of autophagy in prostate cancer, genetic tools such as siRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 can be utilized for targeting autophagic genes. Finally, these findings can be translated into preclinical and clinical studies to improve survival and prognosis of prostate cancer patients. • Prostate cancer is among the leading causes of death in men where targeting autophagy is of importance in treatment; • Autophagy governs proliferation and metastasis capacity of prostate cancer cells; • Autophagy modulation is of interest in improving the therapeutic response of prostate cancer cells; • Molecular pathways, especially involving non-coding RNAs, regulate autophagy in prostate cancer; • Autophagy possesses both diagnostic and prognostic roles in prostate cancer, with promises for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farid Hashemi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 1417466191, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology & Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- Cancer Research Group-School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute & Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore. .,NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urological Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, V6H3Z6, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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30
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Research Progress and Prospects of Autophagy in the Mechanism of Multidrug Resistance in Tumors. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7032614. [PMID: 35136409 PMCID: PMC8818414 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7032614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the treatment of cancer has made great strides in clinical practice, its high morbidity and fatality rates remain a major threat to human health. Multidrug resistance (MDR) often appears in the process of tumor treatment, leading to tumor refractory and aggravating the risk of tumor recurrence. Therefore, antitumor MDR plays a key role in tumor chemotherapy. Autophagy is an important process for the turnover of intracellular materials, which is commonly seen in the treatment of sensitive and multidrug-resistant tumors, and it can play different roles in various types of MDR tumor cells and tissues. Autophagy plays a dual regulatory role in MDR tumors. On the one hand, autophagy can promote the formation of MDR in tumor cells, weaken the killing effect of chemotherapy drugs on tumor cells, and play a protective role in tumor survival. On the other hand, autophagy production in the cellular environment can kill MDR tumor cells, reverse tumor resistance and enhance the efficiency of chemotherapy drugs. Therefore, the regulation of autophagy to overcome MDR has become increasingly significant in tumor chemotherapy. In this article, we discussed and summarized the research progress of autophagy in MDR tumors, mainly involving the different characteristics of autophagy in MDR cancer cells.
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Zhu Q, Meng Y, Li S, Xin J, Du M, Wang M, Cheng G. Association of genetic variants in autophagy-lysosome pathway genes with susceptibility and survival to prostate cancer. Gene 2022; 808:145953. [PMID: 34500048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have indicated the connections between autophagy-lysosome pathway genes dysfunction and prostate cancer, but few studies have investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in autophagy-lysosome pathway genes are implicated in prostate cancer risk and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS Logistic regression analysis and stepwise Cox regression analysis were conducted in 4,662 cases and 3,114 controls from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. The false positive rate probability (FPRP) method was applied to correct for multiple comparisons. Gene-based analysis was calculated by versatile gene-based association study approach. RESULTS We found that SLC11A1 rs7573065 significantly increased the risk of prostate cancer [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06-1.46, P = 7.02 × 10-3, FPRP = 0.082]. Furthermore, rs7573065 was confirmed as the independent predicator of overall survival (OS) for prostate cancer patients [Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.01-1.66, P = 0.041]. The significant association between SLC11A1 and prostate cancer risk was calculated by gene-based analysis (P = 0.030). We also observed that the mRNA of SLC11A1 in prostate tumor tissues was significantly over-expressed than that in normal tissues. CONCLUSION This study suggested that rs7573065 in SLC11A1 was associated with an increased risk and poor OS of prostate cancer. Our findings may provide evidence for genetic variants in autophagy-lysosome pathway as the risk and prognostic biomarkers for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyuan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Meng
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuwei Li
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Xin
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Department of Genetic Toxicology, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Sikkeland J, Ng MYW, Nenseth HZ, Unal B, Qu S, Jin Y, Simonsen A, Saatcioglu F. STAMP2 suppresses autophagy in prostate cancer cells by modulating the integrated stress response pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:327-336. [PMID: 35141021 PMCID: PMC8822275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Six Transmembrane Protein of Prostate 2 (STAMP2) is critical for prostate cancer (PCa) growth. We previously showed that STAMP2 regulates the expression of stress induced transcription factor ATF4, which is implicated in starvation-induced autophagy. We therefore investigated whether STAMP2 is involved in the regulation of autophagy in PCa cells. Here we show that STAMP2 suppresses autophagy in PCa cells through modulation of the integrated stress response axis. We also find that STAMP2 regulates mitochondrial respiration. These findings suggest that STAMP2 has significant metabolic effects through mitochondrial function and autophagy, both of which support PCa growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen Sikkeland
- Department of Biosciences, University of OsloPostboks 1066 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Matthew Yoke Wui Ng
- Department of Biosciences, University of OsloPostboks 1066 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo 0313, Norway
| | - Hatice Zeynep Nenseth
- Department of Biosciences, University of OsloPostboks 1066 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University HospitalOslo 0310, Norway
| | - Bilal Unal
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University HospitalOslo 0310, Norway
| | - Su Qu
- Department of Biosciences, University of OsloPostboks 1066 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
| | - Yang Jin
- Department of Biosciences, University of OsloPostboks 1066 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University HospitalOslo 0310, Norway
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of OsloOslo 0313, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University HospitalMontebello, Oslo 0379, Norway
| | - Fahri Saatcioglu
- Department of Biosciences, University of OsloPostboks 1066 Blindern, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University HospitalOslo 0310, Norway
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Exosomal circRELL1 serves as a miR-637 sponge to modulate gastric cancer progression via regulating autophagy activation. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:56. [PMID: 35027539 PMCID: PMC8758736 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumors, including gastric cancer (GC). However, there are still many circRNAs related to GC whose functions and molecular mechanisms remain undetermined. Herein, we discover circRNA RELL1, which has not been investigated in GC, and it is markedly downregulated in GC tissues, which is related with poor prognosis, more pronounced lymph node metastasis and poor TNM stage. After confirming the circular structure of circRELL1, we found that circRELL1 could block cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and anti-apoptosis in patients with GC by a series of in vivo and in vitro function-related studies. Further mechanism investigation demonstrated that circRELL1 could sponge miR-637 and indirectly unregulated the expression of EPHB3 via modulating autophagy activation in GC. Additionally, circRELL1 can be transmitted by exosomal communication, and exosomal circRELL1 suppressed the malignant behavior of GC in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, this study elucidates the suppressive roles of circRELL1/miR-637/EPHB3 axis through autophagy activation in GC progression, inspiring for further understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of GC and providing a promising novel diagnostic circulating biomarker and therapeutic target in GC.
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Hu C, Gu F, Gong C, Xia Q, Gao Y, Gao S. Co-delivery of the autophagy inhibitor si-Beclin1 and the doxorubicin nano-delivery system for advanced prostate cancer treatment. J Biomater Appl 2021; 36:1317-1331. [PMID: 34856824 DOI: 10.1177/08853282211060252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to apoptosis is a key mechanism underlying how cancer cells evade tumor therapy. Autophagy can prevent anticancer drug-induced apoptosis and promote tumor resistance. The purpose of this study was to improve the sensitivity and efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs through the inhibition of autophagy. Hydrophobic doxorubicin-hydrazone-caproyl-maleimide (DOX-EMCH) and autophagy-inhibiting si-Beclin1 were simultaneously delivered via the amphiphilic peptide micelle system (Co-PMs) using poly(L-arginine)-poly(L-histidine)-DOX-EMCH as the copolymer building unit. The constructed micelle system promoted the escape of si-Beclin1 from endosomes and the release of DOX into the nucleus. The Co-PMs exhibited 2.7-fold higher cytotoxicity and proapoptotic ability in PC3 cells than DOX treatment alone, demonstrating that si-Beclin1 could inhibit the autophagic activity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells by targeting the type III PI3K pathway and enhance the sensitivity of the cells to the chemotherapeutic drug DOX. In addition, the peptide micelles successfully passively targeted DOX and si-Beclin1 to the tumor tissue. Compared with DOX or si-Beclin1 treatment alone, the Co-PMs showed a 3.4-fold greater tumor inhibitory potential in vivo, indicative of a significant antiproliferative effect. Our results suggested that the Co-PMs developed in this study have the potential to combine autophagy inhibition and chemotherapy in cancer treatment, especially for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuling Hu
- Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Fenfen Gu
- 91603Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Yuan Gao
- 12478Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Gao
- 12520Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Shafabakhsh R, Arianfar F, Vosough M, Mirzaei HR, Mahjoubin-Tehran M, Khanbabaei H, Kowsari H, Shojaie L, Azar MEF, Hamblin MR, Mirzaei H. Autophagy and gastrointestinal cancers: the behind the scenes role of long non-coding RNAs in initiation, progression, and treatment resistance. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1229-1255. [PMID: 33432087 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00272-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of complex disorders that affect different organs, including esophagus, stomach, gallbladder, liver, biliary tract, pancreas, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. Recently, an explosion in nucleic acid-based technologies has led to the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that have been found to possess unique regulatory functions. This class of RNAs is >200 nucleotides in length, and is characterized by their lack of protein coding. LncRNAs exert regulatory effects in GI cancer development by affecting different functions such as the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, apoptosis, glycolysis and angiogenesis. Over the past few decades, considerable evidence has revealed the important role of autophagy in both GI cancer progression and suppression. In addition, recent studies have confirmed a significant correlation between lncRNAs and the regulation of autophagy. In this review, we summarize how lncRNAs play a behind the scenes role in the pathogenesis of GI cancers through regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Shafabakhsh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Arianfar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hashem Khanbabaei
- Medical Physics Department, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamed Kowsari
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Layla Shojaie
- Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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36
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Revealing the Mechanism of Friedelin in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4451779. [PMID: 34765000 PMCID: PMC8577922 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4451779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the colon, and its incidence is rising worldwide. This study was designed to uncover the healing effect of friedelin, a bioactive compound against UC through bioinformatics of network pharmacology and experimental verification of UC model mice. Materials and Methods Targets of friedelin and potential mechanism of friedelin on UC were predicted through target searching, PPI network establishing, and enrichment analyzing. We explored effects of friedelin on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Severity of UC was investigated by body weight, disease activity index (DAI), and length of the colon. Inflammation severity was examined by determination of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The numbers of autophagosome around the epithelial cells were observed by autophagy inhibition via a transmission electron microscope. The expressions of autophagy-related ATG5 protein and AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway were determined by immunofluorescence staining. Results In this study, 17 potential targets of friedelin and 1111 UC-related targets were identified. 10 therapeutic targets of friedelin against UC were acquired from overlapped targets of UC and friedelin. PPI network construction filtered 14 core targets through target amplification and confidence enhancement. The results of molecular docking showed that the docking scores of the top 5 active targets were higher than the threshold values. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were carried out, showing friedelin alleviates UC through anti-inflammatory pathways and molecular function of autophagy. Subsequently, animal-based experiments revealed the intraperitoneal injection of friedelin ameliorated DSS-induced body weight loss, DAI decrease, colon length shortening and colonic pathological damage with lower myeloperoxidase and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and higher IL-10 levels, and more autophagosomes in transmission electron microscope results. The AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway plays important role in the friedelin's effect in autophagy as KEGG pathway result and experiment verification. Furthermore, the 3 ma validated the role of autophagy as an improvement in the friedelin's pharmacologic effect to UC model mice. Conclusions Friedelin ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice through of inflammatory inhibition and regulation of autophagy.
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Single-cell analysis reveals androgen receptor regulates the ER-to-Golgi trafficking pathway with CREB3L2 to drive prostate cancer progression. Oncogene 2021; 40:6479-6493. [PMID: 34611310 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) plays a central role in driving prostate cancer (PCa) progression. How AR promotes this process is still not completely clear. Herein, we used single-cell transcriptome analysis to reconstruct the transcriptional network of AR in PCa. Our work shows AR directly regulates a set of signature genes in the ER-to-Golgi protein vesicle-mediated transport pathway. The expression of these genes is required for maximum androgen-dependent ER-to-Golgi trafficking, cell growth, and survival. Our analyses also reveal the signature genes are associated with PCa progression and prognosis. Moreover, we find inhibition of the ER-to-Golgi transport process with a small molecule enhanced antiandrogen-mediated tumor suppression of hormone-sensitive and insensitive PCa. Finally, we demonstrate AR collaborates with CREB3L2 in mediating ER-to-Golgi trafficking in PCa. In summary, our findings uncover a critical role for dysregulation of ER-to-Golgi trafficking expression and function in PCa progression, provide detailed mechanistic insights for how AR tightly controls this process, and highlight the prospect of targeting the ER-to-Golgi pathway as a therapeutic strategy for advanced PCa.
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38
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Singh R, Mills IG. The Interplay Between Prostate Cancer Genomics, Metabolism, and the Epigenome: Perspectives and Future Prospects. Front Oncol 2021; 11:704353. [PMID: 34660272 PMCID: PMC8511631 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.704353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a high-incidence cancer, often detected late in life. The prostate gland is an accessory gland that secretes citrate; an impaired citrate secretion reflects imbalances in the activity of enzymes in the TCA Cycle in mitochondria. Profiling studies on prostate tumours have identified significant metabolite, proteomic, and transcriptional modulations with an increased mitochondrial metabolic activity associated with localised prostate cancer. Here, we focus on the androgen receptor, c-Myc, phosphatase and tensin Homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), and p53 as amongst the best-characterised genomic drivers of prostate cancer implicated in metabolic dysregulation and prostate cancer progression. We outline their impact on metabolic function before discussing how this may affect metabolite pools and in turn chromatin structure and the epigenome. We reflect on some recent literature indicating that mitochondrial mutations and OGlcNAcylation may also contribute to this crosstalk. Finally, we discuss the technological challenges of assessing crosstalk given the significant differences in the spatial sensitivity and throughput of genomic and metabolomic profiling approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Singh
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Zhu SY, Yao RQ, Li YX, Zhao PY, Ren C, Du XH, Yao YM. The Role and Regulatory Mechanism of Transcription Factor EB in Health and Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667750. [PMID: 34490237 PMCID: PMC8418145 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a member of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor/transcription factor E (MiTF/TFE) family and critically involved in the maintenance of structural integrity and functional balance of multiple cells. In this review, we described the effects of post-transcriptional modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination, on the subcellular localization and activation of TFEB. The activated TFEB enters into the nucleus and induces the expressions of targeted genes. We then presented the role of TFEB in the biosynthesis of multiple organelles, completion of lysosome-autophagy pathway, metabolism regulation, immune, and inflammatory responses. This review compiles existing knowledge in the understanding of TFEB regulation and function, covering its essential role in response to cellular stress. We further elaborated the involvement of TFEB dysregulation in the pathophysiological process of various diseases, such as the catabolic hyperactivity in tumors, the accumulation of abnormal aggregates in neurodegenerative diseases, and the aberrant host responses in inflammatory diseases. In this review, multiple drugs have also been introduced, which enable regulating the translocation and activation of TFEB, showing beneficial effects in mitigating various disease models. Therefore, TFEB might serve as a potential therapeutic target for human diseases. The limitation of this review is that the mechanism of TFEB-related human diseases mainly focuses on its association with lysosome and autophagy, which needs deep description of other mechanism in diseases progression after getting more advanced information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Zhu
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Translational Medicine Research Center and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ren-Qi Yao
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Translational Medicine Research Center and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Burn Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Yue Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Ren
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Translational Medicine Research Center and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Du
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ming Yao
- Medical Innovation Research Division, Translational Medicine Research Center and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Jung J, Liao H, Coker SA, Liang H, Hancock JF, Denicourt C, Venkatachalam K. p53 mitigates the effects of oncogenic HRAS in urothelial cells via the repression of MCOLN1. iScience 2021; 24:102701. [PMID: 34222845 PMCID: PMC8243020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of TRPML1, which is encoded by MCOLN1, is known to deter cell proliferation in various malignancies. Here, we report that the tumor suppressor, p53, represses MCOLN1 in the urothelium such that either the constitutive loss or ectopic knockdown of TP53-in both healthy and bladder cancer cells-increased MCOLN1 expression. Conversely, nutlin-mediated activation of p53 led to the repression of MCOLN1. Elevated MCOLN1 expression in p53-deficient cancer cells, though not sufficient for bolstering proliferation, augmented the effects of oncogenic HRAS on proliferation, cytokine production, and invasion. Our data suggest that owing to derepression of MCOLN1, urothelial cells lacking p53 are poised for tumorigenesis driven by oncogenic HRAS. Given our prior findings that HRAS mutations predict addiction to TRPML1, this study points to the utility of TRPML1 inhibitors for mitigating the growth of a subset of urothelial tumors that lack p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewon Jung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Han Liao
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shannon A. Coker
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John F. Hancock
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Denicourt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kartik Venkatachalam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry and Cell Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, MD Anderson Cancer Center and UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
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Zhu X, Zhuo Y, Wu S, Chen Y, Ye J, Deng Y, Feng Y, Liu R, Cai S, Zou Z, Wang B, Wu CL, Zeng G, Zhong W. TFEB Promotes Prostate Cancer Progression via Regulating ABCA2-Dependent Lysosomal Biogenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:632524. [PMID: 33732651 PMCID: PMC7959325 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.632524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a member of the MiT family, is dysregulated in different cancers and exerts specific biological functions within the tumor microenvironment. Downregulation of TFEB induces macrophage polarization in the TME and promotes tumor progression. However, the biological role and clinical significance of TFEB in prostate cancer (PCa) remain unknown. This study aimed to identify the role of TFEB in PCa and its potential clinical value. We explored TFEB expression in PCa using public databases and verified its prognostic value using immunohistochemistry in PCa tissue samples. The results revealed that TFEB expression was up-regulated in PCa tissues and was associated with cancer metastasis. Next, overexpression of TFEB promoted PCa cell malignant behavior in in vivo and in vitro experiments. RNA-sequencing and bioinformatics analysis showed high expression of TFEB promoted lysosomal biogenesis and knockdown of TFEB expression decreased the number of lysosomes. Furthermore, the ATP-binding cassette transporter A2 (ABCA2) was identified as a target gene of TFEB, which was verified using the cleavage under targets and release using nuclease (CUT&RUN) assay and qRT-PCR. Silencing of ABCA2 reduced lysosomal biogenesis and decreased matrix metalloproteinases expression, which reduced PCa cell invasion and migration in the tumor microenvironment. Our study suggests that TFEB promotes PCa progression by regulating ABCA2 through lysosomal biogenesis and may serve as a prognostic factor or as a potential therapeutic target of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangjia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shulin Wu
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yanfei Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianheng Ye
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanfa Feng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Liu
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanghua Cai
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Zou
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chin-Lee Wu
- Department of Urology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Department of Urology and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weide Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Lin C, Blessing AM, Pulliam TL, Shi Y, Wilkenfeld SR, Han JJ, Murray MM, Pham AH, Duong K, Brun SN, Shaw RJ, Ittmann MM, Frigo DE. Inhibition of CAMKK2 impairs autophagy and castration-resistant prostate cancer via suppression of AMPK-ULK1 signaling. Oncogene 2021; 40:1690-1705. [PMID: 33531625 PMCID: PMC7935762 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has suggested androgen receptor (AR) signaling mediates prostate cancer progression in part through the modulation of autophagy. However, clinical trials testing autophagy inhibition using chloroquine derivatives in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have yet to yield promising results, potentially due to the side effects of this class of compounds. We hypothesized that identification of the upstream activators of autophagy in prostate cancer could highlight alternative, context-dependent targets for blocking this important cellular process during disease progression. Here, we used molecular, genetic, and pharmacological approaches to elucidate an AR-mediated autophagy cascade involving Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2; a kinase with a restricted expression profile), 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1), but independent of canonical mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. Increased CAMKK2-AMPK-ULK1 signaling correlated with disease progression in genetic mouse models and patient tumor samples. Importantly, CAMKK2 disruption impaired tumor growth and prolonged survival in multiple CRPC preclinical mouse models. Similarly, an inhibitor of AMPK-ULK1 blocked autophagy, cell growth, and colony formation in prostate cancer cells. Collectively, our findings converge to demonstrate that AR can co-opt the CAMKK2-AMPK-ULK1 signaling cascade to promote prostate cancer by increasing autophagy. Thus, this pathway may represent an alternative autophagic target in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchu Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia M Blessing
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L Pulliam
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Shi
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sandi R Wilkenfeld
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jenny J Han
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mollianne M Murray
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander H Pham
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Duong
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonja N Brun
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Reuben J Shaw
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Frigo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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43
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Wu M, Chen B, Pan X, Su J. Prognostic Value of Autophagy-related Proteins in Human Gastric Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:13527-13540. [PMID: 33414645 PMCID: PMC7783202 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s278354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Autophagy-related proteins (ATG) play a crucial role in autophagy. Recently, the functions of autophagy in cancer have been gathering attention. However, the prognostic value of ATGs in gastric cancer (GC) has not been explored. Methods The Kaplan–Meier plotter (KM plotter) online database was used to examine the value of ATGs gene expression levels in overall survival (OS) prediction in GC patients with different clinical stage, differentiation, gender, HER2 status, and therapeutic strategy. In vitro experiments applied VE-822, an effective GC treatment, to assess cell migration and proliferation in gastric mucosa epithelial cells, and real-time PCR was used to measure alterations of autophagy-related gene expression. Results High ATG3, ATG4C, ATG5, and ATG10 mRNA levels were associated with good OS, while increased ATG4B, ATG7, ATG12, ATG16L1, and TECPR1 mRNA levels related to unfavorable OS in patients with GC. ATG12 overexpression had different effects on OS due to high levels of heterogeneity. High ATG12 expression was correlated with good OS in female patients with GC and with bad OS for male patients. Additionally, the increased ATG12 expression was more likely to get a satisfactory OS in patients who underwent surgery alone but was associated with poor OS for patients treated with 5-FU adjuvant. In addition, elevated TECPR1 expression was related to favorable OS for patients with poorly differentiated type, while for patients with moderate differentiation, it was relevant to poor OS. The in vitro experiments showed that berzosertib could significantly inhibit the migration and proliferation of human gastric mucosa epithelial cells, and further real-time PCR assessment of ATG expressions partially coincided with the bioinformation analysis above. Conclusion These results indicate that individual ATGs have unique prognostic significance interpreted using Kaplan–Meier plotter analysis and in vitro experiments, and this may help guide clinical therapeutic strategy and promote OS by individualizing therapy for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bicheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Pan
- Department of Transplantation Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiadong Su
- Department of Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325000, People's Republic of China
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Astanina E, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. Multifaceted activities of transcription factor EB in cancer onset and progression. Mol Oncol 2020; 15:327-346. [PMID: 33252196 PMCID: PMC7858119 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) represents an emerging player in cancer biology. Together with microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor, transcription factor E3 and transcription factor EC, TFEB belongs to the microphthalmia family of bHLH‐leucine zipper transcription factors that may be implicated in human melanomas, renal and pancreatic cancers. TFEB was originally described as being translocated in a juvenile subset of pediatric renal cell carcinoma; however, whole‐genome sequencing reported that somatic mutations were sporadically found in many different cancers. Besides its oncogenic activity, TFEB controls the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway by recognizing a recurrent motif present in the promoter regions of a set of genes that participate in lysosome biogenesis; furthermore, its dysregulation was found to have a crucial pathogenic role in different tumors by modulating the autophagy process. Other than regulating cancer cell‐autonomous responses, recent findings indicate that TFEB participates in the regulation of cellular functions of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we review the emerging role of TFEB in regulating cancer cell behavior and choreographing tumor–microenvironment interaction. Recognizing TFEB as a hub of network of signals exchanged within the tumor between cancer and stroma cells provides a fresh perspective on the molecular principles of tumor self‐organization, promising to reveal numerous new and potentially druggable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Astanina
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Candiolo, Italy.,Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Italy
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45
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Xia F, Liu P, Li M. The regulatory factors and pathological roles of autophagy-related protein 4 in diverse diseases: Recent research advances. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1644-1675. [PMID: 33314291 DOI: 10.1002/med.21772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved and dynamic degradation/recycling pathway in which portions of the cytoplasm, such as dysfunctional proteins and surplus organelles, are engulfed by double-membrane bound vesicles through a lysosome-dependent process. As the only proteolytic enzyme of the core mammalian autophagy proteins, autophagy-related protein 4 (ATG4) primes newly synthesized pro-light chain 3 (LC3) to form LC3-I that attaches to phosphatidylethanolamine and delipidates LC3-PE to LC3-I for recycling. Besides autophagy, ATG4 has been shown to be involved in regulating various biological and pathological processes. The roles of ATG4 in cancer therapy, a methodology for ATG4 activity detection, and the discovery of chemical modulators have been well-reviewed. However, a comprehensive summary on how ATG4 is regulated by multiple factors and, thereby, how ATG4 influences autophagy or other pathways remains lacking. In this paper, we summarize multiple processes and molecules that regulate the activity of ATG4, such as micro-RNAs, posttranslational modifications, and small molecules. Additionally, we focus on the relationship between ATG4 and diverse diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, microbial infection, and other diseases. It provides insight regarding potential ATG4-targeted therapeutic opportunities, which could be beneficial for future studies and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Cheng Y, Qi F, Li L, Qin Z, Li X, Wang X. Autophagy-related genes are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2020; 9:2616-2628. [PMID: 33457234 PMCID: PMC7807329 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, autophagy was found related to several malignances. Methods To explore the diagnostic and prognostic values of autophagy in prostate cancer (PCa), we first identified differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PRAD) dataset. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were applied to perform gene functional annotation. Then, multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to construct the risk index (RI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves were performed to identify the effectiveness of RI. Next, multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct the prognostic index (PI) and autophagy-clinical prognostic index (ACPI). Results We identified 16 DEARGs and functional annotation demonstrated the relevance of these genes to autophagy and revealed the association of these DEARGs with digestive system, drug resistance and apoptosis. Then, the RI was constructed based on 5 DEARGs and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.9858. Validation based on Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets suggested that the RI was effective. Next, 7 ARGs were identified associated with overall survival (OS) and the PI was developed composed of 3 ARGs. Finally, ACPI was constructed based on PI and the M stage. Conclusions This study provided potential models for predicting the risk and prognosis of PCa and indicated the molecular insights of autophagy in PCa. While no other dataset was applied to test the effectiveness of the PI and ACPI models attribute to the well prognosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongshi Qin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Yang G, Li Y, Zhao Y, Ouyang L, Chen Y, Liu B, Liu J. Targeting Atg4B for cancer therapy: Chemical mediators. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112917. [PMID: 33077263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Atg4, a pivotal macroautophagy/autophagy-related cysteine protein family, which regulate autophagy through either cleaving Atg8 homologs for its further lipidation or delipidating Atg8 homologs from the autophagosome. There are four homologs, Atg4A, Atg4B, Atg4C, and Atg4D. Among them, an increasing amount of evidence indicates that Atg4B possessed superior catalytic efficiency toward the Atg8 substrate, as well as regulates autophagy process and plays a key role in the development of several human cancers. Recently, efforts have been contributed to the exploration of Atg4B inhibitors or activators. In this review, we comprehensively clarify the function of Atg4B in autophagy and cancer biology, as well as the relationship between pharmacological function and structure-activity of small molecule drugs targeting Atg4B. The development of novel drugs targeting Atg4B could be well applied in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, And Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Behaviors of Prostate Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1269624. [PMID: 33062666 PMCID: PMC7538255 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1269624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), known as a heterogenous disease, has a high incidence and mortality rate around the world and seriously threatens public health. As an inevitable by-product of cellular metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exhibit beneficial effects by regulating signaling cascades and homeostasis. More and more evidence highlights that PCa is closely associated with age, and high levels of ROS are driven through activation of several signaling pathways with age, which facilitate the initiation, development, and progression of PCa. Nevertheless, excessive amounts of ROS result in harmful effects, such as genotoxicity and cell death. On the other hand, PCa cells adaptively upregulate antioxidant genes to detoxify from ROS, suggesting that a subtle balance of intracellular ROS levels is required for cancer cell functions. The current review discusses the generation and biological roles of ROS in PCa and provides new strategies based on the regulation of ROS for the treatment of PCa.
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Ling ST, Deng CL, Huang L, Yao QS, Liu C, Sun CT, Wang L, Yang Y, Gong XX, Chen CB. Hydroxychloroquine Blocks Autophagy and Promotes Apoptosis of the Prostate after Castration in Rats. Urol Int 2020; 104:968-974. [PMID: 32937616 DOI: 10.1159/000507795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important pro-survival mechanism and closely related to apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) blocks autophagy and promotes apoptosis of the prostate after castration. METHODS Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 12): control group (sham operation), castration group, and HCQ group (castrated and treated with HCQ). On day 7, all mice were executed and prostates were isolated. The morphological changes of prostates were observed by light microscope, and the ultrastructure changes were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The protein expression of Beclin-l, P62, caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax was assessed by immunohistochemical analyses. The mRNA expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) and autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5) was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS Prostates of castration group shrank remarkably and prostates of HCQ group shrank more remarkably than castration group. Cytolysosomes were visible in the prostates of the castration group under SEM. Immunohistochemistry showed that the protein of Beclin-1 increased in the castration group compared to the control group, while decreased in the HCQ group compared to the castration group. While P62 protein moderately dyed in the control group and weakly dyed in the castration group, it strongly dyed in the HCQ group. Caspase-3 and Bax protein were weakly dyed in the control group but moderately dyed in the castration group and strongly dyed in the HCQ group. The expressions of apoptosis suppressor Bcl-2 were reduced in the castration group and further reduced in the HCQ group compared to the castration group. RT-PCR revealed that the mRNA of LC3 and Atg5 in the castration group increased compared to the control group, while decreased after treated with HCQ. CONCLUSION Autophagy increased after castrated in prostates, while decreased after treated with HCQ; all these indicated that HCQ blocked autophagy and then promoted prostate apoptosis of castrated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tao Ling
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chun-Lei Deng
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shiyan, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Yao
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shiyan, China
| | - Cui Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Chuan-Tao Sun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shiyan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shiyan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Gong
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shiyan, China
| | - Cong-Bo Chen
- Department of Urology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shiyan, China,
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PGC-1α and ERRα in patients with endometrial cancer: a translational study for predicting myometrial invasion. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16963-16980. [PMID: 32920551 PMCID: PMC7521515 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PGC-1α and ERRα are closely related to tumor formation and progression. However, the mechanism underlying the involvement of PGC-1α/ERRα in regulating invasion and migration in endometrial cancer remains to be explored. RESULTS Elevated levels of PGC-1α and ERRα were associated with advanced myometrial invasion, and PGC-1α and Vimentin expression was related to the depth of myometrial invasion in premenopausal endometrial cancer. Silencing of PGC-1α reduced ERRα activation and inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal-transition phenotypes, resulting in significant inhibition of invasion and migration. Overexpression of ERRα led to enhanced PGC-1α expression and increased activity of TFEB, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal-transition in endometrial cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS PGC-1α and ERRα induce the epithelial-mesenchymal-transition therefore invasion and migration in endometrial cancer, and may be novel biomarkers to predict the risk of advanced myometrial invasion. METHODS PGC-1α, ERRα, and vimentin expression was analyzed in tissue microarrays using immunohistochemistry. PGC-1α and ERRα expression in endometrial cancer cell lines was investigated using quantitative PCR and western blotting analyses after infection with lentivirus-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting PGC-1α (siRNA-PGC-1α) or overexpressing ERRα. E-cadherin and vimentin levels were determined using western blotting and cell immunouorescence analyses. Cell migration and invasiveness were evaluated using scratch and trans-well chamber assays.
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