1
|
Leontyev D, Buttgereit M, Kochergina A, Shchepin O, Schnittler M. Two independent genetic markers support separation of the myxomycete Lycogala epidendrum into numerous biological species. Mycologia 2023; 115:32-43. [PMID: 36399690 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2133526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lycogala epidendrum is one of the most widely known myxomycete species and the first-ever discovered representative of this group. Using 687 original DNA sequences from 330 herbarium specimens from Europe, Asia, North and Central America, and Australia, we constructed the first detailed phylogenies of the genus Lycogala, based on two independently inherited genetic markers, the ribosome small subunit 18S rRNA nuclear gene (18S rDNA) and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene (COI). In both phylogenies, L. epidendrum appeared to be a polyphyletic group, represented by numerous clades. The four other recognized species of the genus (L. confusum, L. conicum, L. exiguum, and L. flavofuscum) are scattered between branches corresponding to L. epidendrum. A barcode gap analysis revealed 60 18S rDNA phylogroups of L. epidendrum, which are distant from each other not less than from other species of the genus Lycogala. For 18 of these phylogroups with both 18S rDNA and COI sequences available, recombination patterns were analyzed to test for reproductive isolation. In contrast to the results of a simulation assuming panmixis, no crossing between ribosomal and mitochondrial phylogroups was found, thus allowing the conclusion that all tested phylogroups represent biospecies. More than one third (39.6%) of the studied specimens share a single 18S rDNA phylogroup, which we consider to be L. epidendrum s. str. This group displays the broadest geographic distribution and the highest intraspecific genetic variability. Nearly all (93.3%) of the remaining non-singleton 18S rDNA phylogroups are restricted to certain continents or even regions. At the same time, various reproductively isolated phylogroups occur sympatric at a given location.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Leontyev
- Department of Botany, H.S. Skovoroda Kharkiv National Pedagogical University, Valentynivska 2, Kharkiv 61168, Ukraine.,Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, Greifswald D-17487, Germany
| | - Marina Buttgereit
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, Greifswald D-17487, Germany
| | | | - Oleg Shchepin
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, Greifswald D-17487, Germany
| | - Martin Schnittler
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstr. 15, Greifswald D-17487, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ronikier A, Janik P, de Haan M, Kuhnt A, Zankowicz M. Importance of type specimen study for understanding genus boundaries-taxonomic clarifications in Lepidoderma based on integrative taxonomy approach leading to resurrection of the old genus Polyschismium. Mycologia 2022; 114:1008-1031. [PMID: 36166209 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Type specimens of four species of Lepidoderma (Myxomycetes, Amoebozoa)-L. crassipes, L. neoperforatum, L. perforatum, and L. stipitatum-have been studied using an integrative approach including application of traditional taxonomy methods, i.e., morphological study under stereoscopic and compound microscopes, detailed analysis of micromorphological characters using scanning electron microscopy, and molecular analysis by way of Sanger sequencing of molecular markers (nuc 18S rDNA and elongation factor 1-alpha gene, EF1A). Results of the study revealed that L. crassipes is conspecific with L. tigrinum, L. stipitatum is a malformed specimen of Diderma floriforme, whereas L. perforatum and L. neoperforatum represent two well-defined morphologically and genetically separate species. Phylogeny of Physarales shows the polyphyletic character of the genus Lepidoderma. The type species of Lepidoderma clusters together with Diderma, whereas other representatives of this genus form a monophyletic, well-supported clade. The species from this clade are proposed to belong to the genus Polyschismium described by A. Corda in 1842 that is resurrected and emended here. Nine species of Lepidoderma are transferred to Polyschismium. A new key to Didymiaceae including Polyschismium is provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ronikier
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, Kraków 31-512, Poland
| | - Paulina Janik
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, Kraków 31-512, Poland
| | - Myriam de Haan
- Department of Research, Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, Meise BE-1860, Belgium
| | | | - Monika Zankowicz
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, Kraków 31-512, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He MQ, Zhao RL, Hyde KD, Begerow D, Kemler M, Yurkov A, McKenzie EHC, Raspé O, Kakishima M, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Vellinga EC, Halling R, Papp V, Zmitrovich IV, Buyck B, Ertz D, Wijayawardene NN, Cui BK, Schoutteten N, Liu XZ, Li TH, Yao YJ, Zhu XY, Liu AQ, Li GJ, Zhang MZ, Ling ZL, Cao B, Antonín V, Boekhout T, da Silva BDB, De Crop E, Decock C, Dima B, Dutta AK, Fell JW, Geml J, Ghobad-Nejhad M, Giachini AJ, Gibertoni TB, Gorjón SP, Haelewaters D, He SH, Hodkinson BP, Horak E, Hoshino T, Justo A, Lim YW, Menolli N, Mešić A, Moncalvo JM, Mueller GM, Nagy LG, Nilsson RH, Noordeloos M, Nuytinck J, Orihara T, Ratchadawan C, Rajchenberg M, Silva-Filho AGS, Sulzbacher MA, Tkalčec Z, Valenzuela R, Verbeken A, Vizzini A, Wartchow F, Wei TZ, Weiß M, Zhao CL, Kirk PM. Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota. FUNGAL DIVERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio D’Auria
- a Dipartimento di Chimica “A. M. Tamburro” , Università della Basilicata , Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza , Italy
| | - Rocco Racioppi
- a Dipartimento di Chimica “A. M. Tamburro” , Università della Basilicata , Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza , Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Rana
- b Dipartimento di Biologia, Difesa e Biotecnologie Agro-Forestali , Università della Basilicata , Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza , Italy
| |
Collapse
|