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Mori K, Hamada T, Beppu M, Tsuchihashi H, Goto Y, Kume K, Hijioka H, Nishi K, Mishima Y, Sugiura T. Detecting Early-Stage Oral Cancer from Clinically Diagnosed Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders by DNA Methylation Profile. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112646. [PMID: 35681626 PMCID: PMC9179386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Clinically, early-stage oral cancers are difficult to distinguish from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) because they show a variety of mucosal pathologies. Therefore, invasive tissue biopsies should be performed to determine the treatment strategy. Previously, we focused on gargle fluid as a noninvasive testing method and reported aberrant methylation in gargle fluid in patients with oral cancer. In this study, we successfully identified aberrantly methylated genes in early-stage oral cancer and reported that a combination of methylation of six genes could distinguish early-stage oral cancer from OPMDs, with high diagnostic performance. In addition, the methylation panel more accurately reflected the presence of early-stage oral cancer than cytology testing. Our results suggest that the methylation panel using gargle fluid has the potential to be used as a noninvasive screening tool to diagnose early-stage cancer. Abstract Clinically, early-stage oral cancers are difficult to distinguish from oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and invasive tissue biopsy should be performed to determine a treatment strategy. Previously, we focused on gargle fluid as a noninvasive testing method and reported aberrant methylation in gargle fluid in patients with oral cancer. This study aimed to distinguish early-stage oral cancer from clinically diagnosed OPMDs using gargle fluid samples. We collected gargle fluid samples from 40 patients who were clinically diagnosed with OPMDs in the training set; among them, 9 patients were pathologically diagnosed with oral cancer. Methylation levels of 25 tumor suppressor genes were analyzed using the methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) method. We found that a combination of six genes (TP73, CASP8, RARB, KLLN, GSTP1, and CHFR) could distinguish oral cancer from clinically diagnosed OPMDs with high diagnostic performance (area under the curve [AUC], 0.885; sensitivity, 77.8%; and specificity, 87.1%). Additionally, the panel comprised of the six methylated genes was validated in the test set. Furthermore, when compared with cytology testing, the panel could accurately detect oral cancer. The present methylated gene panel may serve as a novel biomarker for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Mori
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tomofumi Hamada
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Hakuaikai Social Medical Corporation, Sagara Hospital, Kagoshima 892-0833, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (T.S.); Tel.: +81-99-224-1800 (T.H.); +81-99-275-6232 (T.S.)
| | - Mahiro Beppu
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hiroki Tsuchihashi
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yuichi Goto
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kenichi Kume
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Hiroshi Hijioka
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Keitaro Nishi
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yumiko Mishima
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
| | - Tsuyoshi Sugiura
- Department of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Science, Field of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.M.); (M.B.); (H.T.); (Y.G.); (K.K.); (H.H.); (K.N.); (Y.M.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (T.S.); Tel.: +81-99-224-1800 (T.H.); +81-99-275-6232 (T.S.)
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