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Li X, Liang T, Liu H. How plants coordinate their development in response to light and temperature signals. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:955-966. [PMID: 34904672 PMCID: PMC8894937 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Light and temperature change constantly under natural conditions and profoundly affect plant growth and development. Light and warmer temperatures promote flowering, higher light intensity inhibits hypocotyl and petiole elongation, and warmer temperatures promote hypocotyl and petiole elongation. Moreover, exogenous light and temperature signals must be integrated with endogenous signals to fine-tune phytohormone metabolism and plant morphology. Plants perceive and respond to light and ambient temperature using common sets of factors, such as photoreceptors and multiple light signal transduction components. These highly structured signaling networks are critical for plant survival and adaptation. This review discusses how plants respond to variable light and temperature conditions using common elements to coordinate their development. Future directions for research on light and temperature signaling pathways are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tong Liang
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Hongtao Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Author for correspondence:
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Saitoh A, Takase T, Abe H, Watahiki M, Hirakawa Y, Kiyosue T. ZEITLUPE enhances expression of PIF4 and YUC8 in the upper aerial parts of Arabidopsis seedlings to positively regulate hypocotyl elongation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:479-489. [PMID: 33386962 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microarray and genetic analyses reveal that ZTL induces the expression of genes related to auxin synthesis, thereby promoting hypocotyl elongation. ZTL is a blue-light receptor that possesses a light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domain, an F-box motif, and a kelch repeat domain. ZTL promotes hypocotyl elongation under high temperature (28 °C) in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, the mechanism of this regulation is unknown. Here, we divided seedlings into hypocotyls and upper aerial parts, and performed microarray analyses. In hypocotyl, 1062 genes were down-regulated in ztl mutants (ztl-3 and ztl-105) compared with wild type; some of these genes encoded enzymes involved in cell wall modification, consistent with reduced hypocotyl elongation. In upper aerial parts, 1038 genes were down-regulated in the ztl mutants compared with wild type; these included genes involved in auxin synthesis and auxin response. Furthermore, the expression of the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) gene, which encodes a transcription factor known to positively regulate YUCCA genes (YUCs), was also decreased in the ztl mutants. Genetic analysis revealed that overexpression of PIF4 and YUC8 could restore the suppressed hypocotyl length in the ztl mutants. Our results suggest that ZTL induces expression of YUC8 via PIF4 in upper aerial parts and promotes hypocotyl elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Saitoh
- Graduate Course in Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Takase
- Graduate Course in Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Experimental Plant Division, Department of Biological Systems, RIKEN, BioResource Center, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | - Masaaki Watahiki
- Faculty of Science, Division of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kitaku Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirakawa
- Graduate Course in Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kiyosue
- Graduate Course in Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
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Zou Y, Li R, Baldwin IT. ZEITLUPE is required for shade avoidance in the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:1341-1351. [PMID: 31628717 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Being shaded is a common environmental stress for plants, especially for densely planted crops. Shade decreases red: far-red (R:FR) ratios that inactivate phytochrome B (PHYB) and subsequently release p̱hytochrome i̱nteraction f̱actors (PIFs). Shaded plants display elongated hypocotyls, internodes, and petioles, hyponastic leaves, early flowering and are inhibited in branching: traits collectively called the shade avoidance syndrome (SAS). ZEITLUPE (ZTL) is a circadian clock component and blue light photoreceptor, which is also involved in floral rhythms and plant defense in Nicotiana attenuata. ztl mutants are hypersensitive to red light and ZTL physically interacts with PHYB, suggesting the involvement of ZTL in R:FR light signaling. Here, we show that N. attenuata ZTL-silenced plants display a phenotype opposite to that of the SAS under normal light. After simulated shade, the normally induced transcript levels of the SAS marker gene, ATHB2 are attenuated in ZTL-silenced plants. The auxin signaling pathway, known to be involved in SAS, was also significantly attenuated. Furthermore, NaZTL directly interacts with NaPHYBs, and regulates the transcript levels of PHYBs, PIF3a, PIF7 and PIF8 under shade. Our results suggest that ZTL may regulate PHYB- and the auxin-mediated signaling pathway, which functions in the SAS of N. attenuata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zou
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 07745, Germany
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Cortés Llorca L, Li R, Yon F, Schäfer M, Halitschke R, Robert CAM, Kim SG, Baldwin IT. ZEITLUPE facilitates the rhythmic movements of Nicotiana attenuata flowers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:308-322. [PMID: 32130751 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Circadian organ movements are ubiquitous in plants. These rhythmic outputs are thought to be regulated by the circadian clock and auxin signalling, but the underlying mechanisms have not been clarified. Flowers of Nicotiana attenuata change their orientation during the daytime through a 140° arc to balance the need for pollinators and the protection of their reproductive organs. This rhythmic trait is under the control of the circadian clock and results from bending and re-straightening movements of the pedicel, stems that connect flowers to the inflorescence. Using an explant system that allowed pedicel growth and curvature responses to be characterized with high spatial and temporal resolution, we demonstrated that this movement is organ autonomous and mediated by auxin. Changes in the growth curvature of the pedicel are accompanied by an auxin gradient and dorsiventral asymmetry in auxin-dependent transcriptional responses; application of auxin transport inhibitors influenced the normal movements of this organ. Silencing the expression of the circadian clock component ZEITLUPE (ZTL) arrested changes in the growth curvature of the pedicel and altered auxin signalling and responses. IAA19-like, an Aux/IAA transcriptional repressor that is circadian regulated and differentially expressed between opposite tissues of the pedicel, and therefore possibly involved in the regulation of changes in organ curvature, physically interacted with ZTL. Together, these results are consistent with a direct link between the circadian clock and the auxin signalling pathway in the regulation of this rhythmic floral movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cortés Llorca
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 007745, Germany
| | - Ran Li
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 007745, Germany
| | - Felipe Yon
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 007745, Germany
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 007745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 007745, Germany
| | - Christelle A M Robert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 007745, Germany
| | - Sang-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 007745, Germany
| | - Ian T Baldwin
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, 007745, Germany
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Li Y, Zhang Y, Li M, Luo Q, Mallano AI, Jing Y, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Li W. GmPLP1, a PAS/LOV protein, functions as a possible new type of blue light photoreceptor in soybean. Gene 2018; 645:170-178. [PMID: 29248583 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental factors for the growth and development of plants. To adapt to changes in day length, the photoreception and transmission of the light signals in plants mainly depend on the various light receptor proteins. The PAS/LOV protein (PLP) has a PAS domain in the N-terminal and LOV domain in the C-terminal and has been confirmed as a new type of blue light receptor in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the role of its counterpart in soybean remains largely unclear. In this study, the expression pattern of the GmPLP1 under different light qualities was determined by real-time RT-PCR analysis using the cultivar 'DongNong 42', a photosensitive soybean cultivar, suggesting that GmPLP1 was affected by the circadian clock and was a dark-induced gene. Moreover, the mRNA abundance increased significantly under blue light. Further analysis revealed that overexpression of GmPLP1 displayed the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation under blue light, and the expression of CRY1, CRY2, CKL3, CKL4, BIT1, and HY5 were simultaneously increased in GmPLP1-transgenic Arabidopsis, suggesting that the shortened hypocotyl was associated with the up-regulation of these genes. Taken together, our results suggest that GmPLP1, which is a new possible type of blue light photoreceptor in soybean, plays an important role in the blue light signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qiulan Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetic, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ali Inayat Mallano
- Department of Biotechnology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam 70060, Pakistan
| | - Ya Jing
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Education Ministry (Northeastern Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology and Genetics & Breeding in Chinese Ministry of Agriculture), Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Miyazaki Y, Jikumaru Y, Takase T, Saitoh A, Sugitani A, Kamiya Y, Kiyosue T. Enhancement of hypocotyl elongation by LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 production is mediated by auxin and phytochrome-interacting factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:455-467. [PMID: 26601822 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and two phytochrome-interacting factors, PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5, play crucial roles in the enhancement of hypocotyl elongation in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants that overproduce LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2). LOV KELCH PROTEIN2 (LKP2) is a positive regulator of hypocotyl elongation under white light in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, using microarray analysis, we compared the gene expression profiles of hypocotyls of wild-type Arabidopsis (Columbia accession), a transgenic line that produces green fluorescent protein (GFP), and two lines that produce GFP-tagged LKP2 (GFP-LKP2). We found that, in GFP-LKP2 hypocotyls, 775 genes were up-regulated, including 36 auxin-responsive genes, such as 27 SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) and 6 AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID (AUX/IAA) genes, and 21 genes involved in responses to red or far-red light, including PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) and PIF5; and 725 genes were down-regulated, including 15 flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Hypocotyls of GFP-LKP2 seedlings, but not cotyledons or roots, contained a higher level of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) than those of control seedlings. Auxin inhibitors reduced the enhancement of hypocotyl elongation in GFP-LKP2 seedlings by inhibiting the increase in cortical cell number and elongation of the epidermal and cortical cells. The enhancement of hypocotyl elongation was completely suppressed in progeny of the crosses between GFP-LKP2 lines and dominant gain-of-function auxin-resistant mutants (axr2-1 and axr3-1) or loss-of-function mutants pif4, pif5, and pif4 pif5. Our results suggest that the enhancement of hypocotyl elongation in GFP-LKP2 seedlings is due to the elevated level of IAA and to the up-regulated expression of PIF4 and PIF5 in hypocotyls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Miyazaki
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Yusuke Jikumaru
- Growth Regulation Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takase
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Aya Saitoh
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Asuka Sugitani
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamiya
- Growth Regulation Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kiyosue
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-Ku, Tokyo, 171-8588, Japan.
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