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Du M, Zhang P, Wang G, Zhang X, Zhang W, Yang H, Bao Z, Ma F. H 2 S improves salt-stress recovery via organic acid turn-over in apple seedlings. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2923-2942. [PMID: 35906186 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Signalling roles of hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) in stress biology are widely reported but not sufficiently established to urge its use in agronomic practice. Our lack of quantitative understanding of the metabolic rewiring in H2 S signalling makes it difficult to elucidate its functions in stress tolerance on the biochemical level. Here, Malus hupehensis Rehd. var. pingyiensis seedlings were first treated with salt stress for 2 weeks and then treated with four different concentrations of NaHS. Through vigorous investigations, including phenotypic analysis, 13 C transient labelling and targeted metabolic and transcriptomic analysis, for the first time in the seedlings of a woody fruit crop, we found out that H2 S recycles fixed carbons through glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle to inhibit the futile accumulation of carbohydrates, to maintain an efficient CO2 assimilation, to keep a balanced starch metabolism, to produce sufficient H2 O2 , to maintain malate/γ-aminobutyric acid homeostasis via an H2 O2 -induced anion channel (aluminium-activated malate transporter) and eventually to improve salt-stress recovery. Our results systematically demonstrate the vital roles of central carbon metabolism in H2 S signalling and clarify the mode of action of H2 S in apple seedlings. We conclude that H2 S signalling interacts with central carbon metabolism in a bottom-up manner to recover plant growth after salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Du
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Zhilong Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, Shandong, China
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2
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Jiao C, Guo Z, Gong J, Zuo Y, Li S, Vanegas D, McLamore ES, Shen Y. CML8 and GAD4 function in (Z)-3-hexenol-mediated defense by regulating γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:135-144. [PMID: 35842997 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
(Z)-3-hexenol, a small gaseous molecule, is produced in plants under biotic stress and induces defense responses in neighboring plants. However, little is known about how (Z)-3-hexenol induces plant defense-related signaling. In this study, we uncovered how (Z)-3-hexenol treatment enhances plant resistance to insect attacks by increasing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) contents in Arabidopsis leaves. First, (Z)-3-hexenol increases the intracellular content of calcium as secondary messenger in Arabidopsis leaf mesophyll cells. Both intracellular and extracellular calcium stores regulate changes in calcium content. Then, CML8 and GAD4 transmit calcium signaling to affect (Z)-3-hexenol induced GABA content and plant resistance. Herein, CML8 interaction with GAD4 was examined via yeast two-hybrid assays, firefly luciferase complementation imaging, and GST pull-down assays. These results indicate that (Z)-3-hexenol treatment increased the GABA contents in Arabidopsis leaves based on CML8 and GAD4, thus increasing plant resistance to the insect Plutella xylostella. This study revealed the mechanism of activating plant insect defense induced by (Z)-3-hexenol, which guides the study of volatiles as biological pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhujuan Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junqing Gong
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixin Zuo
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Diana Vanegas
- College of Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA
| | - Eric S McLamore
- Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yingbai Shen
- National Engineering Research Center of Tree breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ, Shelp BJ. γ-Aminobutyrate Improves the Postharvest Marketability of Horticultural Commodities: Advances and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:884572. [PMID: 35693167 PMCID: PMC9174936 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.884572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Postharvest deterioration can result in qualitative and quantitative changes in the marketability of horticultural commodities, as well as considerable economic loss to the industry. Low temperature and controlled atmosphere conditions (low O2 and elevated CO2) are extensively employed to prolong the postharvest life of these commodities. Nevertheless, they may suffer from chilling injury and other physiological disorders, as well as excessive water loss and bacterial/fungal decay. Research on the postharvest physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of horticultural commodities indicates that low temperature/controlled atmosphere storage is associated with the promotion of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) pathway activity, with or without the accumulation of GABA, delaying senescence, preserving quality and ameliorating chilling injury. Regardless of whether apple fruits are stored under low temperature/controlled atmosphere conditions or room temperature, elevated endogenous GABA or exogenous GABA maintains their quality by stimulating the activity of the GABA shunt (glutamate GABA succinic semialdehyde succinate) and the synthesis of malate, and delaying fruit ripening. This outcome is associated with changes in the genetic and biochemical regulation of key GABA pathway reactions. Flux estimates suggest that the GABA pool is derived primarily from glutamate, rather than polyamines, and that succinic semialdehyde is converted mainly to succinate, rather than γ-hydroxybutyrate. Exogenous GABA is a promising strategy for promoting the level of endogenous GABA and the activity of the GABA shunt in both intact and fresh-cut commodities, which increases carbon flux through respiratory pathways, restores or partially restores redox and energy levels, and improves postharvest marketability. The precise mechanisms whereby GABA interacts with other signaling molecules such as Ca2+, H2O2, polyamines, salicylic acid, nitric oxide and melatonin, or with phytohormones such as ethylene, abscisic acid and auxin remain unknown. The occurrence of the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the glutamate/aspartate/GABA exchanger in the tonoplast, respectively, offers prospects for reducing transpirational water in cut flowers and immature green fruit, and for altering the development, flavor and biotic resistance of apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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S RM, Bedair MF, Li H, Duff SMG. Phenotypic effects from the expression of a deregulated AtGAD1 transgene and GABA pathway suppression mutants in maize. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259365. [PMID: 34871322 PMCID: PMC8648116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.15) catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation of glutamate to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA); a ubiquitous non-protein amino acid involved in the regulation of several aspects of plant metabolism and physiology. To study the function of GAD and GABA in maize, we have; 1) introduced native and deregulated forms of AtGAD1 into maize with the intent of increasing the synthesis of GABA and 2) introduced constructs into maize designed to suppress the activity of several GABA shunt, GABA transport and GABA pathway genes. Maize plants expressing the deregulated AtGAD1 exhibit a severe chlorosis and retarded growth phenotype and have high levels of GABA, and Ca++/CaM-independent GAD activity. Plants expressing the suppression constructs for GABA biosynthetic and transport pathway genes had no observable phenotype whereas a knockout of GABA catabolic pathway genes led to growth and developmental defects under standard growth conditions. The implications of this study to our understanding of the action and function of GABA and GAD in crops are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani M. S
- Bayer US, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
| | | | - Hong Li
- Bayer US, Chesterfield, MO, United States of America
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Pereyra-Bistraín LI, Ovando-Vázquez C, Rougon-Cardoso A, Alpuche-Solís ÁG. Comparative RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Potentially Resistance-Related Genes in Response to Bacterial Canker of Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111745. [PMID: 34828351 PMCID: PMC8618811 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato is one of the most important crops for human consumption. Its production is affected by the actinomycete Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), one of the most devastating bacterial pathogens of this crop. Several wild tomato species represent a source of natural resistance to Cmm. Here, we contrasted the transcriptomes of the resistant wild tomato species Solanum arcanum LA2157 and the susceptible species Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig, during the first 24 h of challenge with Cmm. We used three analyses approaches which demonstrated to be complementary: mapping to S. lycopersicum reference genome SL3.0; semi de novo transcriptome assembly; and de novo transcriptome assembly. In a global context, transcriptional changes seem to be similar between both species, although there are some specific genes only upregulated in S. arcanum during Cmm interaction, suggesting that the resistance regulatory mechanism probably diverged during the domestication process. Although S. lycopersicum showed enriched functional groups related to defense, S. arcanum displayed a higher number of induced genes related to bacterial, oomycete, and fungal defense at the first few hours of interaction. This study revealed genes that may contribute to the resistance phenotype in the wild tomato species, such as those that encode for a polyphenol oxidase E, diacyl glycerol kinase, TOM1-like protein 6, and an ankyrin repeat-containing protein, among others. This work will contribute to a better understanding of the defense mechanism against Cmm, and the development of new control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo I. Pereyra-Bistraín
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
| | - Cesaré Ovando-Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Supercómputo, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
| | - Alejandra Rougon-Cardoso
- Laboratory of Agrigenomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, ENES-León, León 37689, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.R.-C.); (Á.G.A.-S.); Tel.: +52-(444)-834-2000 (Á.G.A.-S.)
| | - Ángel G. Alpuche-Solís
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica A.C., San Luis Potosí 78216, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-C.); (Á.G.A.-S.); Tel.: +52-(444)-834-2000 (Á.G.A.-S.)
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6
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Shelp BJ, Aghdam MS, Flaherty EJ. γ-Aminobutyrate (GABA) Regulated Plant Defense: Mechanisms and Opportunities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1939. [PMID: 34579473 PMCID: PMC8468876 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic stresses reduce respiration and associated energy generation in mitochondria, resulting in the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are employed to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing conditions. Excessive ROS accumulation can contribute to cell damage and death. Production of the non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyrate (GABA) is also stimulated, resulting in partial restoration of respiratory processes and energy production. Accumulated GABA can bind directly to the aluminum-activated malate transporter and the guard cell outward rectifying K+ channel, thereby improving drought and hypoxia tolerance, respectively. Genetic manipulation of GABA metabolism and receptors, respectively, reveal positive relationships between GABA levels and abiotic/biotic stress tolerance, and between malate efflux from the root and heavy metal tolerance. The application of exogenous GABA is associated with lower ROS levels, enhanced membrane stability, changes in the levels of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants, and crosstalk among phytohormones. Exogenous GABA may be an effective and sustainable tolerance strategy against multiple stresses under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Morteza Soleimani Aghdam
- Department of Horticultural Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran;
| | - Edward J. Flaherty
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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7
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Fromm H. GABA signaling in plants: targeting the missing pieces of the puzzle. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6238-6245. [PMID: 32761202 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of plants to unstable environments relies on their ability to sense their surroundings and to generate and transmit corresponding signals to different parts of the plant to evoke changes necessary for optimizing growth and defense. Plants, like animals, contain a huge repertoire of intra- and intercellular signals, including organic and inorganic molecules. The occurrence of neurotransmitter-like signaling molecules in plants has been an intriguing field of research. Among these, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was discovered in plants over half a century ago, and studies of its roles as a primary metabolite have been well documented, particularly in the context of stress responses. In contrast, evidence of the potential mechanism by which GABA acts as a signaling molecule in plants has only recently been reported. In spite of this breakthrough, the roles of GABA as a signaling molecule in plants have yet to be established and several aspects of the complexity of the GABA signaling system remain obscure. This review summarizes the uncertainties in GABA signaling in plants and suggests research directions and technologies that would help in answering unsolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillel Fromm
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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8
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Corpas FJ, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Plant Peroxisomes: A Factory of Reactive Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:853. [PMID: 32719691 PMCID: PMC7348659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane whose biochemical composition has the capacity to adapt depending on the plant tissue, developmental stage, as well as internal and external cellular stimuli. Apart from the peroxisomal metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS), discovered several decades ago, new molecules with signaling potential, including nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), have been detected in these organelles in recent years. These molecules generate a family of derived molecules, called reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive sulfur species (RSS), whose peroxisomal metabolism is autoregulated through posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as S-nitrosation, nitration and persulfidation. The peroxisomal metabolism of these reactive species, which can be weaponized against pathogens, is susceptible to modification in response to external stimuli. This review aims to provide up-to-date information on crosstalk between these reactive species families and peroxisomes, as well as on their cellular environment in light of the well-recognized signaling properties of H2O2, NO and H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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9
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Bown AW, Shelp BJ. Does the GABA Shunt Regulate Cytosolic GABA? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:422-424. [PMID: 32304653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The GABA shunt has long been known as a metabolic pathway that produces GABA in, and removes GABA from, the cytosol. There is no consensus regarding its function. The hypothesis presented here is that the GABA shunt regulates cytosolic GABA levels and GABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan W Bown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada L2S 3A1
| | - Barry J Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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10
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Tarkowski ŁP, Signorelli S, Höfte M. γ-Aminobutyric acid and related amino acids in plant immune responses: Emerging mechanisms of action. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1103-1116. [PMID: 31997381 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The entanglement between primary metabolism regulation and stress responses is a puzzling and fascinating theme in plant sciences. Among the major metabolites found in plants, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) fulfils important roles in connecting C and N metabolic fluxes through the GABA shunt. Activation of GABA metabolism is known since long to occur in plant tissues following biotic stresses, where GABA appears to have substantially different modes of action towards different categories of pathogens and pests. While it can harm insects thanks to its inhibitory effect on the neuronal transmission, its capacity to modulate the hypersensitive response in attacked host cells was proven to be crucial for host defences in several pathosystems. In this review, we discuss how plants can employ GABA's versatility to effectively deal with all the major biotic stressors, and how GABA can shape plant immune responses against pathogens by modulating reactive oxygen species balance in invaded plant tissues. Finally, we discuss the connections between GABA and other stress-related amino acids such as BABA (β-aminobutyric acid), glutamate and proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz P Tarkowski
- Seed Metabolism and Stress Team, INRAE Angers, UMR1345 Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Bâtiment A, Beaucouzé cedex, France
| | - Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Sayago CP, Montevideo, Uruguay
- The School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley CP, WA, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley CP, WA, Australia
| | - Monica Höfte
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Seifikalhor M, Aliniaeifard S, Hassani B, Niknam V, Lastochkina O. Diverse role of γ-aminobutyric acid in dynamic plant cell responses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:847-867. [PMID: 30739138 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a four-carbon non-protein amino acid, is found in most prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Although, ample research into GABA has occurred in mammals as it is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter; in plants, a role for GABA has often been suggested as a metabolite that changes under stress rather than as a signal, as no receptor or motif for GABA binding was identified until recently and many aspects of its biological function (ranging from perception to function) remain to be answered. In this review, flexible properties of GABA in regulation of plant responses to various environmental biotic and abiotic stresses and its integration in plant growth and development either as a metabolite or a signaling molecule are discussed. We have elaborated on the role of GABA in stress adaptation (i.e., salinity, hypoxia/anoxia, drought, temperature, heavy metals, plant-insect interplay and ROS-related responses) and its contribution in non-stress-related biological pathways (i.e., involvement in plant-microbe interaction, contribution to the carbon and nitrogen metabolism and governing of signal transduction pathways). This review aims to represent the multifunctional contribution of GABA in various biological and physiological mechanisms under stress conditions; the objective is to review the current state of knowledge about GABA role beyond stress-related responses. Our effort is to place findings about GABA in an organized and broader context to highlight its shared metabolic and biologic functions in plants under variable conditions. This will provide potential modes of GABA crosstalk in dynamic plant cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Seifikalhor
- Department of Plant Biology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Sasan Aliniaeifard
- Department of Horticulture, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Batool Hassani
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Niknam
- Department of Plant Biology, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms in Iran, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155, Iran
| | - Oksana Lastochkina
- Bashkir Research Institute of Agriculture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russia
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12
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Corpas FJ, Del Río LA, Palma JM. Plant peroxisomes at the crossroad of NO and H 2 O 2 metabolism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:803-816. [PMID: 30609289 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant peroxisomes are subcellular compartments involved in many biochemical pathways during the life cycle of a plant but also in the mechanism of response against adverse environmental conditions. These organelles have an active nitro-oxidative metabolism under physiological conditions but this could be exacerbated under stress situations. Furthermore, peroxisomes have the capacity to proliferate and also undergo biochemical adaptations depending on the surrounding cellular status. An important characteristic of peroxisomes is that they have a dynamic metabolism of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNS and ROS) which generates two key molecules, nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). These molecules can exert signaling functions by means of post-translational modifications that affect the functionality of target molecules like proteins, peptides or fatty acids. This review provides an overview of the endogenous metabolism of ROS and RNS in peroxisomes with special emphasis on polyamine and uric acid metabolism as well as the possibility that these organelles could be a source of signal molecules involved in the functional interconnection with other subcellular compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Del Río
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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13
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Mooney S, Al-Saharin R, Choi CM, Tucker K, Beathard C, Hellmann HA. Characterization of Brassica rapa RAP2.4-Related Proteins in Stress Response and as CUL3-Dependent E3 Ligase Substrates. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040336. [PMID: 30974760 PMCID: PMC6523098 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The turnip Brassica rapa has important economic value and represents a good model system to study gene function in crop plants. ERF/AP2 transcription factors are a major group of proteins that are often involved in regulating stress-responses and developmental programs. Some ERF/AP2 proteins are targets of CULLIN3-based E3 ligases that use BTB/POZ-MATH proteins as substrate receptors. These receptors bind the transcription factor and facilitate their ubiquitylation and subsequent degradation via the 26S proteasome. Here, we show tissue and stress-dependent expression patterns for three Brassica rapa ERF/AP2 proteins that are closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana AtRAP2.4. Cloning of the Brassica genes showed that the corresponding proteins can assemble with a BPM protein and CULLIN3, and that they are instable in a 26S proteasome dependent manner. This work demonstrates the conserved nature of the ERF/AP2-CULLIN3-based E3 ligase interplay, and represents a first step to analyze their function in a commercially relevant crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutton Mooney
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Raed Al-Saharin
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Christina M Choi
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Kyle Tucker
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Chase Beathard
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Hanjo A Hellmann
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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14
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Podlešáková K, Ugena L, Spíchal L, Doležal K, De Diego N. Phytohormones and polyamines regulate plant stress responses by altering GABA pathway. N Biotechnol 2018; 48:53-65. [PMID: 30048769 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In plants, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulates rapidly in response to environmental stress and variations in its endogenous concentration have been shown to affect plant growth. Exogenous application of GABA has also conferred higher stress tolerance by modulating the expression of genes involved in plant signalling, transcriptional regulation, hormone biosynthesis, reactive oxygen species production and polyamine metabolism. Plant hormones play critical roles in adaptation of plants to adverse environmental conditions through a sophisticated crosstalk among them. Several studies have provided evidence for the relationships between GABA, polyamines and hormones such as abscisic acid, cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins and ethylene, among others, focussing on the effect that one specific group of compounds exerts over the metabolic and signalling pathways of others. In this review, we bring together information obtained from plants exposed to several stress conditions and discuss the possible links among these different groups of molecules. The analysis supports the view that highly conserved pathways connect primary and secondary metabolism, with an overlap of regulatory functions related to stress responses and tolerance among phytohormones, amino acids and polyamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Podlešáková
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Lydia Ugena
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Karel Doležal
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Nuria De Diego
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, CZ-78371, Czech Republic.
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15
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Ramesh SA, Kamran M, Sullivan W, Chirkova L, Okamoto M, Degryse F, McLaughlin M, Gilliham M, Tyerman SD. Aluminum-Activated Malate Transporters Can Facilitate GABA Transport. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1147-1164. [PMID: 29618628 PMCID: PMC6002190 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant aluminum-activated malate transporters (ALMTs) are currently classified as anion channels; they are also known to be regulated by diverse signals, leading to a range of physiological responses. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) regulation of anion flux through ALMT proteins requires a specific amino acid motif in ALMTs that shares similarity with a GABA binding site in mammalian GABAA receptors. Here, we explore why TaALMT1 activation leads to a negative correlation between malate efflux and endogenous GABA concentrations ([GABA]i) in both wheat (Triticum aestivum) root tips and in heterologous expression systems. We show that TaALMT1 activation reduces [GABA]i because TaALMT1 facilitates GABA efflux but GABA does not complex Al3+ TaALMT1 also leads to GABA transport into cells, demonstrated by a yeast complementation assay and via 14C-GABA uptake into TaALMT1-expressing Xenopus laevis oocytes; this was found to be a general feature of all ALMTs we examined. Mutation of the GABA motif (TaALMT1F213C) prevented both GABA influx and efflux, and resulted in no correlation between malate efflux and [GABA]i We conclude that ALMTs are likely to act as both GABA and anion transporters in planta. GABA and malate appear to interact with ALMTs in a complex manner to regulate each other's transport, suggestive of a role for ALMTs in communicating metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita A Ramesh
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Wendy Sullivan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Larissa Chirkova
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Department of Plant Science, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Mamoru Okamoto
- ARC Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Wheat in a Hot and Dry Climate, Department of Plant Science, Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Fien Degryse
- Fertilizer Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Michael McLaughlin
- Fertilizer Technology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew Gilliham
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond SA 5064, Australia
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16
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Zarei A, Brikis CJ, Bajwa VS, Chiu GZ, Simpson JP, DeEll JR, Bozzo GG, Shelp BJ. Plant Glyoxylate/Succinic Semialdehyde Reductases: Comparative Biochemical Properties, Function during Chilling Stress, and Subcellular Localization. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1399. [PMID: 28855911 PMCID: PMC5558127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant NADPH-dependent glyoxylate/succinic semialdehyde reductases 1 and 2 (cytosolic GLYR1 and plastidial/mitochondrial GLYR2) are considered to be of particular importance under abiotic stress conditions. Here, the apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) GLYR1s and GLYR2s were characterized and their kinetic properties were compared to those of previously characterized GLYRs from Arabidopsis thaliana [L.] Heynh. The purified recombinant GLYRs had an affinity for glyoxylate and succinic semialdehyde, respectively, in the low micromolar and millimolar ranges, and were inhibited by NADP+. Comparison of the GLYR activity in cell-free extracts from wild-type Arabidopsis and a glyr1 knockout mutant revealed that approximately 85 and 15% of the cellular GLYR activity is cytosolic and plastidial/mitochondrial, respectively. Recovery of GLYR activity in purified mitochondria from the Arabidopsis glyr1 mutant, free from cytosolic GLYR1 or plastidial GLYR2 contamination, provided additional support for the targeting of GLYR2 to mitochondria, as well as plastids. The growth of plantlets or roots of various Arabidopsis lines with altered GLYR activity responded differentially to succinic semialdehyde or glyoxylate under chilling conditions. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential regulation of highly conserved plant GLYRs by NADPH/NADP+ ratios in planta, and their roles in the reduction of toxic aldehydes in plants subjected to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Zarei
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
| | | | | | - Greta Z. Chiu
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer R. DeEll
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, SimcoeON, Canada
| | - Gale G. Bozzo
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
| | - Barry J. Shelp
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, GuelphON, Canada
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