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Zielke J, Batram-Zantvoort S, Razum O, Miani C. Operationalising masculinities in theories and practices of gender-transformative health interventions: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:139. [PMID: 37501204 PMCID: PMC10375736 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01955-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender-transformative health interventions that involve men and boys are gaining global reach, adaptability to specific geographical, population and epidemiological contexts, public endorsement, and conceptual sophistication. However, the ways in which masculinities are conceptualised and operationalised in theory and practice across these interventions remains unclear. The purpose of this scoping review is to map intervention studies that conceptually grapple with masculinities and analyse: a) how the concept of masculinities is adapted and operationalised in gender-transformative interventions, with respect to intervention population and context, b) what the relationship between the concept of masculinities and its wider theoretical embedding is, and c) on which levels transformation can be observed when working with 'masculinities'.We conducted a search in APA Psych Articles, APA PsycINFO, and CINAHL via EBSCO, MedLine, PubMed, and Web of Sciences (December 2021) looking for peer-reviewed studies on gender-transformative health interventions which engaged with masculinities conceptually. There were no restrictions regarding language, publication date, or geography. Forty-two articles were included in this review. Our abductive analysis finds that 'hegemonic masculinities' is a central concept in almost all included studies. This shows how the concept is adaptable to a range of different intervention contexts. The review further identifies five theoretical approaches, that help operationalise masculinities on an analytical level: feminist framework, affect theory, critical pedagogy, theories of social change, and ecological approaches. Lastly, this review draws out six levels on which transformation can be observed in the intervention outcomes: relational level, symbolic level, material level, affective level, cognitive-behavioural level, and community-structural level. The discussion underlines that processes and practices of (gender) transformation also require engagement with theories of transformation more widely and advocates for theoretical pluralism. Lastly, implications for practice, including preventative, ecological and community-based care models, are drawn out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zielke
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - Stephanie Batram-Zantvoort
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Oliver Razum
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Céline Miani
- Department of Epidemiology and International Public Health, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights Research Unit, Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED), 9 Cr Des Humanités, 93300, Aubervilliers, France
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Mihretie GS, Abebe SM, Abera M, Assefa DT. An Interpretative Study of LARCs Discontinuation in Ethiopia: The Experiences of Women Accessing Contraceptives in Selected Public Health Facilities. Open Access J Contracept 2023; 14:41-51. [PMID: 36824684 PMCID: PMC9942686 DOI: 10.2147/oajc.s394590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Discontinuation of contraception for reasons other than wanting to become pregnant is a public health concern as it affects women's autonomy in sexual and reproductive health decision making as well as gender equality. Studies identified various factors, including community perception and users' dissatisfaction that limited the reach and impact of contraceptives, primarily LARCs, on women's wellbeing. In Ethiopia, however, the reasons for early discontinuation of LARCCs are not adequately explored. Against this backdrop, this study explores the main reasons for the early discontinuation of LARCs among Ethiopian women in selected public health facilities. Methods This study used an institution-based qualitative study design and covered selected university hospitals and health centers in Addis Ababa, Gondar, Mekelle, and Jimma. It involved in-depth interviews with 29 women aged 15-49 to gather data and explore the decision-making processes involved in the early discontinuation of LARCs. It used description, narration and thematic interpretation as data analysis procedures. Results Interviewees reported several reasons for early discontinuation of LARCs, including side effects (eg, weight gain/loss, heavy menses, tiredness, and reduced libido), desire to conceive, and husbands' disapproval. This study found that women were sufficiently aware of alternative contraceptives, including LARCs. Many reported experimenting before deciding on an option. Conversely, others' reports reveal the influences of gender roles and community misconceptions on women's decisions to discontinue LARCs. Discussion and Implications The common threads in interviewees' narratives highlight the significance of traditional values, gender roles, community perception, and experience with side effects to women's early discontinuation of LARCs. This study concludes with remarks on how to improve the effectiveness of family planning programming by adopting the gender transformative approach (GTA) in their design and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getasew Sisay Mihretie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Mekonnen Abebe
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia,Correspondence: Solomon Mekonnen Abebe, University of Gondar, P.O.Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia, Email
| | - Mikyas Abera
- Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences and the Humanities, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Tadesse Assefa
- Monitoring Evaluation Research and Quality(MERQ) Consultancy PLC, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Participatory Action Research for Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health: A Scoping Review. SEXES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes3010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions are essential for the health of adolescents (10–19 years). Co-designing is a participatory approach to research, allowing for collaboration with academic and non-academic stakeholders in intervention development. Participatory action research (PAR) involves stakeholders throughout the planning, action, observation, and reflection stages of research. Current knowledge indicates that co-producing SRH interventions with adolescents increases a feeling of ownership, setting the scene for intervention adoption in implementation settings. Objectives: This scoping review aims to understand the extent of adolescents’ participation in PAR steps for co-designed SRH interventions, including the barriers and facilitators in co-designing of SRH intervention, as well as its effectiveness on adolescents’ SRH outcomes. Methods: Database searching of PubMed, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and organisational websites was performed, identifying 439 studies. Results: Upon screening, 30 studies (published between 2006–2021) met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis identified that adolescents were involved in the planning and action stages of the interventions, but not in the observation and reflection stages. Although the review identified the barriers and facilitators for co-designing SRF interventions, none of the included studies reported on the effectiveness of co-designing SRH interventions with adolescents; therefore, meta-analysis was not performed. Conclusions: While no specific outcome of the interventions was reported, all papers agreed that adolescent co-designing in ASRH interventions should occur at all stages to increase understanding of local perceptions and develop a successful intervention.
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Aventin Á, Gordon S, Laurenzi C, Rabie S, Tomlinson M, Lohan M, Stewart J, Thurston A, Lohfeld L, Melendez-Torres GJ, Makhetha M, Chideya Y, Skeen S. Adolescent condom use in Southern Africa: narrative systematic review and conceptual model of multilevel barriers and facilitators. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1228. [PMID: 34172027 PMCID: PMC8234649 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent HIV and pregnancy rates in Southern Africa are amongst the highest in the world. Despite decades of sexual and reproductive health (SRH) programming targeting adolescents, recent trends suggest there is a continued need for interventions targeting condom use for this age group. METHODS This review synthesises evidence from qualitative studies that describe the determinants of condom use among adolescents in Southern Africa. We conducted systematic searches in four databases. Data were extracted, appraised for quality and analysed using a 'best-fit' framework synthesis approach. RESULTS We coded deductively findings from 23 original studies using an a priori framework and subsequently conducted thematic analysis. Synthesised findings produced six key themes relating to: 1) pervasive unequal gender norms and restrictive masculinities favouring male sexual decision-making and stigmatising condom use in committed relationships; 2) other social norms reflecting negative constructions of adolescent sexuality and non-traditional family planning; 3) economic and political barriers including poverty and a lack of policy support for condom use; 4) service-level barriers including a lack of youth-friendly SRH services and comprehensive sex education in schools; 5) interpersonal barriers and facilitators including unequal power dynamics in sexual partnerships, peer influences and encouraging condoning condom use, and inadequate communication about SRH from parents/caregivers; and 6) negative attitudes and beliefs about condoms and condom use among adolescents. A conceptual model was generated to describe determinants of condom use, illustrating individual-, interpersonal- and structural-level barriers and facilitating factors. CONCLUSION SRH programming targeting barriers and facilitators of condom use at multiple levels is recommended in Southern Africa. We present a multilevel integrated model of barriers and facilitators to guide adolescent SRH decision-making, programme planning and evaluation. Given the existence of multilevel barriers and facilitators, interventions should, likewise, take a multilevel approach that incorporates locally relevant understanding of the individual-, interpersonal- and structural-level barriers and facilitators to condom use among adolescents in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine Aventin
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Sarah Gordon
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Christina Laurenzi
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Stephan Rabie
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, HIV Mental Health Research Unit, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Tomlinson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Maria Lohan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jackie Stewart
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Allen Thurston
- School of Education, Social Sciences, Education and Social Work, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Lynne Lohfeld
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | | | - Moroesi Makhetha
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- World Vision, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Yeukai Chideya
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Sarah Skeen
- Institute for Life Course Health Research, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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