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Shen Z, Xie Y, Shang X, Xiong G, Chen S, Yao Y, Pan Z, Pan H, Dong X, Li Y, Guo C, Wang FY. The manufacturing procedure of 3D printed models for endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Technol Health Care 2021; 28:131-150. [PMID: 32364146 PMCID: PMC7369091 DOI: 10.3233/thc-209014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery is usually difficult and risky. With limited sources of cadaveric skulls, traditional methods of using virtual images to study the surgery are difficult for neurosurgeons and students because the surgery requires spatial imagination and good understanding of the patient's conditions as well as practical experience. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has played an important role in clinical medicine due to its advantages of low cost, high-efficiency and customization. OBJECTIVE CT images are used as the source data of 3D printing. The data obtained directly from the CT machine has limited accuracy, which cannot be printed without processing. Some commercial platforms can help build an accurate model but the cost and customization are not satisfactory. In this situation, a tactile, precise and low-cost 3D model is highly desirable. METHODS Five kinds of computer software are used in the manufacturing of medical 3D models and the processing procedure is easy to understand and operate. RESULTS This study proposes a practical and cost-effective method to obtain the corrected digital model and produce the 3D printed skull with complete structures of nasal cavity, sellar region and different levels of pituitary tumors. The model is used for the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal pituitary surgery preparation. CONCLUSION The 3D printed medical model can directly help neurosurgeons and medical students to practice their surgery skills on both general and special cases with customized structures and different levels of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China.,State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiuqin Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Intelligent Manufacturing, Cloud Computing Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Gang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Intelligent Manufacturing, Cloud Computing Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhouxian Pan
- Department of Allergy, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xisong Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center of 3D Printing and Intelligent Manufacturing, Cloud Computing Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chao Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Fei-Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Systems and Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Accuracy Quantification of the Reverse Engineering and High-Order Finite Element Analysis of Equine MC3 Forelimb. J Equine Vet Sci 2019; 78:94-106. [PMID: 31203991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Shape is a key factor in influencing mechanical responses of bones. Considered to be smart viscoelastic and inhomogeneous materials, bones are stimulated to change shape (model and remodel) when they experience changes in the compressive strain distribution. Using reverse engineering techniques via computer-aided design (CAD) is crucial to create a virtual environment to investigate the significance of shape in biomechanical engineering. Nonetheless, data are lacking to quantify the accuracy of generated models and to address errors in finite element analysis (FEA). In the present study, reverse engineering through extrapolating cross-sectional slices was used to reconstruct the diaphysis of 15 equine third metacarpal bones (MC3). The reconstructed geometry was aligned with, and compared against, computed tomography-based models (reference models) of these bones and then the error map of the generated surfaces was plotted. The minimum error of reconstructed geometry was found to be +0.135 mm and -0.185 mm (0.407 mm ± 0.235, P > .05 and -0.563 mm ± 0.369, P > .05 for outside [convex] and inside [concave] surface position, respectively). Minor reconstructed surface error was observed on the dorsal cortex (0.216 mm ± 0.07, P > .05) for the outside surface and -0.185 mm ± 0.13, P > .05 for the inside surface. In addition, a displacement-based error estimation was used on 10 MC3 to identify poorly shaped elements in FEA, and the relations of finite element convergence analysis were used to present a framework for minimizing stress and strain errors in FEA. Finite element analysis errors of 3%-5% provided in the literature are unfortunate. Our proposed model, which presents an accurate FEA (error of 0.12%) in the smallest number of iterations possible, will assist future investigators to maximize FEA accuracy without the current runtime penalty.
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Akrami M, Craig K, Dibaj M, Javadi AA, Benattayallah A. A three-dimensional finite element analysis of the human hip. J Med Eng Technol 2019; 42:546-552. [PMID: 30875263 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2019.1576795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional hip model was created from the MRI scans of one human subject based on constructing the entire pelvis and femur. The ball and socket joint was modelled between the hip's acetabulum and the femoral head to analyse the multiaxial loads applied in the hip joint. The three key ligaments that reinforce the external surface of the hip to help to stabilise the joint were also modelled which are the iliofemoral, the pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments. Each of these ligaments wraps around the joint connection to form a seal over the synovial membrane, a line of attachment around the head of the femur. This model was tested for different loading and boundary conditions to analyse their sensitivities on the cortical and cancellous tissues of the human hip bones. The outcomes of a one-legged stance finite element analysis revealed that the maximum of 0.056 mm displacement occurred. The stress distribution varied across the model which the majority occurring in the cortical femur and dissipating through the cartilage. The maximum stress value occurring in the joint was 110.1 MPa, which appeared at the free end of the proximal femur. This developed finite element model was validated against the literature data to be used as an asset for further research in investigating new methods of total hip arthroplasty, to minimise the recurrence of dislocations and discomfort in the hip joint, as well as increasing the range of movement available to a patient after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akrami
- a Department of Engineering, College of Engineering , Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Kim Craig
- a Department of Engineering, College of Engineering , Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Mahdieh Dibaj
- a Department of Engineering, College of Engineering , Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
| | - Akbar A Javadi
- a Department of Engineering, College of Engineering , Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter , UK
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