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Yang X, Wu M, Yan X, Zhang C, Luo Y, Yu J. Pulsatilla Saponins Inhibit Experimental Lung Metastasis of Melanoma via Targeting STAT6-Mediated M2 Macrophages Polarization. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093682. [PMID: 37175092 PMCID: PMC10179893 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulsatilla saponins (PS) extracts from Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, are a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine. In the previous study, we found Pulsatilla saponins displayed anti-tumor activity without side effects such as bone marrow suppression. However, the mechanism of the anti-tumor effect was not illustrated well. Since M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that required activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) for polarization are the important immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and play a key role in tumor progress and metastasis, this study aimed to confirm whether Pulsatilla saponins could inhibit the development and metastasis of tumors by inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages. We investigated the relevance of M2 macrophage polarization and the anti-tumor effects of Pulsatilla saponins in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Pulsatilla saponins could decrease the mRNA level of M2 marker genes Arg1, Fizz1, Ym1, and CD206, and the down-regulation effect of phosphorylated STAT6 induced by IL-4; moreover, the conditioned medium (CM) from bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) treated with Pulsatilla saponins could inhibit the proliferation and migration of B16-F0 cells. In vivo, Pulsatilla saponins could reduce the number of lung metastasis loci, down-regulate the expression of M2 marker genes, and suppress the expression of phosphorylated STAT6 in tumor tissues. Furthermore, we used AS1517499 (AS), a STAT6 inhibitor, to verify the role of PS on M2 macrophage polarization both in vitro and in vivo. We found that Pulsatilla saponins failed to further inhibit STAT6 activation; the mRNA level of Arg1, Fizz1, Ym1, and CD206; and the proliferation and migration of B16-F0 cells after AS1517499 intervention in vitro. Similar results were obtained in vivo. These results illustrated that Pulsatilla saponins could effectively suppress tumor progress by inhibiting the polarization of M2 macrophages via the STAT6 signaling pathway; this revealed a novel mechanism for its anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Associated Disease, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Miaolin Wu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Associated Disease, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xin Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yingying Luo
- Center for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Associated Disease, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug and Efficient Energy-Saving Pharmaceutical Equipment, No. 56 Yangming Road, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Cho K, Ro SW, Lee HW, Moon H, Han S, Kim HR, Ahn SH, Park JY, Kim DY. YAP/TAZ Suppress Drug Penetration Into Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Stromal Activation. Hepatology 2021; 74:2605-2621. [PMID: 34101869 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HCC is the most predominant type of liver cancer affecting 800,000 people globally each year. Various small-molecule compounds targeting diverse oncogenic signaling pathways have been tested for patients with HCC, and clinical outcomes were not satisfactory. In this study, we investigated molecular signaling that determines the efficiency of drug delivery into HCC. APPROACH AND RESULTS Hydrodynamics-based transfection (HT) was performed to develop mouse models for HCC induced by various oncogenes. Mice bearing liver cancer were treated with verteporfin at 5 weeks after HT. Multicellular HCC organoid (MCHO) models were established that contained various types of stromal cells, such as hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells together with HCC cells. Tumor organoids were treated with verteporfin, and distributions of the drug in the organoids were assessed using fluorescence microscopy. Murine HCC models developed by HT methods showed that a high Yes-associated protein/Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (YAP/TAZ) activity in HCC cells impaired verteporfin penetration into the cancer. Activation of tumor stroma was observed in HCC with a high YAP/TAZ activity. Consistent with the findings in the in vivo models of HCC, MCHOs with activated YAP/TAZ signaling showed stromal activation and impaired penetration of verteporfin into the tumor organoids. Inhibition of YAP/TAZ transcriptional activity in HCC cells significantly increased drug penetration into the MCHO. CONCLUSIONS Drug delivery into liver cancer is impaired by YAP/TAZ signaling in tumor cells and subsequent activation of stroma by the signaling. Disrupting or targeting activated tumor stroma might improve drug delivery into HCC with an elevated YAP/TAZ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjoo Cho
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Simon Weonsang Ro
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyuk Moon
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sojung Han
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Kim
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are rare and aggressive soft-tissue sarcomas with dismal prognosis. Complete resection, which is the only known definitive therapy, is not feasible with every tumor, and local recurrence after surgery is another challenge to successful treatment. Treatments used with other sarcoma types have not proven beneficial to MPNST patients. Targeted therapies blocking several signaling pathways known to drive MPNST pathogenesis have also not improved patient outcomes in clinical trials. This review discusses existing therapies and targeted chemotherapeutic options currently being tested clinically, and potential therapeutic avenues identified in preclinical studies that include targeting signaling pathways such as the HIPPO-YAP pathway and epigenetic mechanisms as well as multi-agent strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Man Natalie Wu
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Qing Richard Lu
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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Braham MV, Deshantri AK, Minnema MC, Öner FC, Schiffelers RM, Fens MH, Alblas J. Liposomal drug delivery in an in vitro 3D bone marrow model for multiple myeloma. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:8105-8118. [PMID: 30555229 PMCID: PMC6278842 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s184262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Liposomal drug delivery can improve the therapeutic index of treatments for multiple myeloma. However, an appropriate 3D model for the in vitro evaluation of liposomal drug delivery is lacking. In this study, we applied a previously developed 3D bone marrow (BM) myeloma model to examine liposomal drug therapy. Material and methods Liposomes of different sizes (~75-200 nm) were tested in a 3D BM myeloma model, based on multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and myeloma cells cocultured in hydrogel. The behavior and efficacy of liposomal drug therapy was investigated, evaluating the feasibility of testing liposomal drug delivery in 3D in vitro. Intracellular uptake of untargeted and integrin α4β1 (very late antigen-4) targeted liposomes was compared in myeloma and supporting cells, as well as the effectivity of free and liposome-encapsulated chemotherapy (bortezomib, doxorubicin). Either cocultured myeloma cell lines or primary CD138+ myeloma cells received the treatments. Results Liposomes (~75-110 nm) passively diffused throughout the heterogeneously porous (~80-850 nm) 3D hydrogel model after insertion. Cellular uptake of liposomes was observed and was increased by targeting very late antigen-4. Liposomal bortezomib and doxorubicin showed increased cytotoxic effects toward myeloma cells compared with the free drugs, using either a cell line or primary myeloma cells. Cytotoxicity toward supporting BM cells was reduced using liposomes. Conclusion The 3D model allows the study of liposome-encapsulated molecules on multiple myeloma and supporting BM cells, looking at cellular targeting, and general efficacy of the given therapy. The advantages of liposomal drug delivery were demonstrated in a primary myeloma model, enabling the study of patient-to-patient responses to potential drugs and treatment regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike Vj Braham
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,
| | - Anil K Deshantri
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology, Sun Pharma Advanced Research Company Limited, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht Cancer Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Cumhur Öner
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Ham Fens
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Alblas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,
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Prajapati SK, Jain A, Shrivastava C, Jain AK. Hyaluronic acid conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes for colon cancer targeting. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:691-703. [PMID: 30445095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the present research was to evaluate in vitro and in vivo potential of gemcitabine (GEM) loaded hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugated PEGylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs) for effective colon cancer targeting. HA was conjugated onto the surface of aminated or PEGylated MWCNTs which were evaluated for size, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency (~90%), in vitro drug release, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo performance in Sprague Dawley rats. In vitro release showed that the release rate of GEM in acidic conditions (pH 5.3) was faster than physiological conditions (PBS, pH 7.4) followed by a sustained release pattern. The developed GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs indicated significantly less hemolytic toxicity (7.73 ± 0.4%) paralleled to free GEM (18.71 ± 0.44%) and showed higher cytotoxicity against HT-29 colon cancer cell line. The antitumor study assured that GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs significantly reduced tumor volume as compared to free GEM and increased survival rate without noticeable loss in body weight. In vivo studies showed an improvement in pharmacokinetics in terms of remarkable escalation in mean residence time, half-life, AUC, AUMC, median survival time in tumor bearing rats treated with GEM/HA-MWCNTs and GEM/HA-PEG-MWCNTs as compared to free GEM (p ˂ 0.001). These outcomes proved engineered MWCNTs as a safe and effective nanomedicine in colon cancer targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankit Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, U.P., India.
| | | | - Ashish Kumar Jain
- Adina Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sagar, 470002, M.P., India
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Liang Y, Song X, Li Y, Sang Y, Zhang N, Zhang H, Liu Y, Duan Y, Chen B, Guo R, Zhao W, Wang L, Yang Q. A novel long non-coding RNA-PRLB acts as a tumor promoter through regulating miR-4766-5p/SIRT1 axis in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:563. [PMID: 29752439 PMCID: PMC5948209 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0582-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a critical role in cancerous processes as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Here, we demonstrated that lncRNA-PRLB (progression-associated lncRNA in breast cancer) was upregulated in human breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines. Further evaluation verified that lncRNA-PRLB was positively correlated with the extent of metastasis, and its expression was correlated with shorter survival time of breast cancer patients. We identified microRNA miR-4766-5p as an inhibitory target of lncRNA-PRLB. Both lncRNA-PRLB overexpression and miR-4766-5p knockdown could remarkably enhance cell growth, metastasis, and chemoresistance. We also determined that sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) was an inhibitory target of miR-4766-5p, and that SIRT1 was inhibited by both lncRNA-PRLB knockdown and miR-4766-5p overexpression. Significantly, we found that the promotion of cell proliferation and metastasis, the acquisition of chemoresistance, and the increased expression of SIRT1 induced by lncRNA-PRLB overexpression could be partly abrogated by ectopic expression of miR-4766-5p. Taken together, our findings indicated that lncRNA could regulate the progression and chemoresistance of breast cancer via modulating the expression levels of miR-4766-5p and SIRT1, which may have a pivotal role in breast cancer treatment and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaming Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuting Sang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Renbo Guo
- Department of Urology, Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Pathology Tissue Bank, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qifeng Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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