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Ji G, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li H, Sun P. Recent advances of novel targeted drug delivery systems based on natural medicine monomers against hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24667. [PMID: 38312669 PMCID: PMC10834828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent type of liver cancer, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage. Surgical interventions are often ineffective, leading HCC patients to rely on systemic chemotherapy. Unfortunately, commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs have limited efficacy and can adversely affect vital organs, causing significant physical and psychological distress for patients. Natural medicine monomers (NMMs) have shown promising efficacy and safety profiles in HCC treatment, garnering attention from researchers. In recent years, the development of novel targeted drug delivery systems (TDDS) combining NMMs with nanocarriers has emerged. These TDDS aim to concentrate drugs effectively in HCC cells by manipulating the characteristics of nanomedicines, leveraging receptor and ligand interactions, and utilizing endogenous stimulatory responses to promote specific nanomedicines distribution. This comprehensive review presents recent research on TDDS for HCC treatment using NMMs from three perspectives: passive TDDS, active TDDS, and stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (SDDS). It consolidates the current state of research on TDDS for HCC treatment with NMMs and highlights the potential of these innovative approaches in improving treatment outcomes. Moreover, the review also identifies research gaps in the related fields to provide references for future targeted therapy research in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanjie Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Zhiyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
| | - Ping Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
- Grade Three Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Preparation of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
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2
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Pan XW, Huang JS, Liu SR, Shao YD, Xi JJ, He RY, Shi TT, Zhuang RX, Bao JF. Evaluation of the liver targeting and anti‑liver cancer activity of artesunate‑loaded and glycyrrhetinic acid‑coated nanoparticles. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:516. [PMID: 37854499 PMCID: PMC10580252 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, liver cancer ranks among the most lethal cancers, with chemotherapy being one of its primary treatments. However, poor selectivity, systemic toxicity, a narrow treatment window, low response rate and multidrug resistance limit its clinical application. Liver-targeted nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit excellent targeted delivery ability and promising effectivity in treating liver cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the liver-targeting and anti-liver cancer effect of artesunate (ART)-loaded and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA)-decorated polyethylene glycol (PEG)-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (ART/GA-PEG-PLGA) NPs. GA-coated NPs significantly increased hepatoma-targeted cellular uptake, with micropinocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis as its chief internalization pathways. Moreover, ART/GA-PEG-PLGA NPs exhibited pro-apoptotic effects on HepG2 cells, mainly via the induction of a high level of reactive oxygen species, decline in mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of cell cycle arrest. Additionally, ART/GA-PEG-PLGA NPs induced internal apoptosis pathways by upregulating the activity of cleaved caspase-3/7 and expression of cleaved poly (ADP-Ribose)-polymerase and Phos-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, ART/GA-PEG-PLGA NPs exhibited higher liver accumulation and longer mean retention time, resulting in increased bioavailability. Finally, ART/GA-PEG-PLGA NPs promoted the liver-targeting distribution of ART, increased the retention time and promoted its antitumour effects in vivo. Therefore, ART/GA-PEG-PLGA NPs afforded excellent hepatoma-targeted delivery and anti-liver cancer efficacy, and thus, they may be a promising strategy for treating liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Wang Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Song Huang
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Rong Liu
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Dan Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Jun Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Ruo-Yu He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Rang-Xiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Bao
- Department of Liver Disease, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, P.R. China
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Cadar R, Lupascu Ursulescu C, Vasilescu AM, Trofin AM, Zabara M, Rusu-Andriesi D, Ciuntu B, Muzica C, Lupascu CD. Challenges and Solutions in the Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1987. [PMID: 37895369 PMCID: PMC10608140 DOI: 10.3390/life13101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has gained attention in the last few years due to its increasing prevalence worldwide becoming a global epidemic. The increasing incidence of NAFLD and the concurrent increase in the number of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases at a global level is a matter of concern. HCC has several risk factors, of which NAFLD and its associated metabolic disturbances-type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and dyslipidemia-are of great interest due to their accelerating rise in incidence worldwide. There is a high amount of data derived from basic and clinical studies that reveal the molecular pathways that drive NAFLD-associated HCC. Based on these findings, new prevention, surveillance, and treatment strategies are emerging. However, current data on treatment modalities in NAFLD-associated HCC are still scarce, though the results from non-NAFLD HCC studies are promising and could provide a basis for a future research agenda to address NAFLD/NASH patients. Clinicians should carefully assess all the clinical and radiological parameters and establish a prognosis based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification and discuss in a multidisciplinary team the treatment strategy. The specific factors associated with NAFLD-associated HCC which can have a negative impact on survival even in patients with early HCC, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, should be taken into consideration. This review aims to discuss the latest recommendations regarding the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD-associated HCC and the remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Cadar
- Department of Surgery, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.C.); (A.M.T.); (M.Z.); (B.C.); (C.D.L.)
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Clinic, St. Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Corina Lupascu Ursulescu
- Department of Radiology, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Radiology Clinic, St. Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Mihai Vasilescu
- Department of Surgery, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.C.); (A.M.T.); (M.Z.); (B.C.); (C.D.L.)
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Clinic, St. Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ana Maria Trofin
- Department of Surgery, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.C.); (A.M.T.); (M.Z.); (B.C.); (C.D.L.)
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Clinic, St. Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Zabara
- Department of Surgery, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.C.); (A.M.T.); (M.Z.); (B.C.); (C.D.L.)
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Clinic, St. Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Rusu-Andriesi
- Department of Surgery, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.C.); (A.M.T.); (M.Z.); (B.C.); (C.D.L.)
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Clinic, St. Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan Ciuntu
- Department of Surgery, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.C.); (A.M.T.); (M.Z.); (B.C.); (C.D.L.)
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Clinic, St. Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina Muzica
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristian Dumitru Lupascu
- Department of Surgery, Gr. T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.C.); (A.M.T.); (M.Z.); (B.C.); (C.D.L.)
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Clinic, St. Spiridon University Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
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Xu M, Yang L, Lin Y, Lu Y, Bi X, Jiang T, Deng W, Zhang L, Yi W, Xie Y, Li M. Emerging nanobiotechnology for precise theranostics of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:427. [PMID: 36175957 PMCID: PMC9524074 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer has become the second most fatal cancer in the world, and its five-year survival rate is only 10%. Most patients are in the middle and advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, losing the opportunity for radical treatment. Liver cancer is not sensitive to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. At present, conventional molecularly targeted drugs for liver cancer show some problems, such as short residence time, poor drug enrichment, and drug resistance. Therefore, developing new diagnosis and treatment methods to effectively improve the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term prognosis of liver cancer is urgent. As an emerging discipline, nanobiotechnology, based on safe, stable, and efficient nanomaterials, constructs highly targeted nanocarriers according to the unique characteristics of tumors and further derives a variety of efficient diagnosis and treatment methods based on this transport system, providing a new method for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer. This paper aims to summarize the latest progress in this field according to existing research and the latest clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as well as clarify the role, application limitations, and prospects of research on nanomaterials and the development and application of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yanjie Lin
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China. .,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, 8 Jingshun East Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, China.
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5
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Li N, Zhang X, Zhou J, Li W, Shu X, Wu Y, Long M. Multiscale biomechanics and mechanotransduction from liver fibrosis to cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114448. [PMID: 35820602 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of multiscale biomechanical studies has been proposed to highlight the mechanical cues in the development of hepatic fibrosis and cancer. At the cellular level, changes in mechanical microenvironment induce phenotypic and functional alterations of hepatic cells, initiating a positive feedback loop that promotes liver fibrogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis. Tumor mechanical microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma facilitates tumor cell growth and metastasis, and hinders the drug delivery and immunotherapy. At the molecular level, mechanical forces are sensed and transmitted into hepatic cells via allosteric activation of mechanoreceptors on the cell membrane, leading to the activation of various mechanotransduction pathways including integrin and YAP signaling and then regulating cell function. Thus, the application of mechanomedicine concept in the treatment of liver diseases is promising for rational design and cell-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs. This review mainly discusses the correlation between biomechanical cues and liver diseases from the viewpoint of mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wang Li
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyu Shu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mian Long
- Center for Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Microgravity (National Microgravity Laboratory), and Beijing Key Laboratory of Engineered Construction and Mechanobiology, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Engineering Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Brown ZJ, Hewitt DB, Pawlik TM. Experimental drug treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical trial failures 2015 to 2021. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:693-706. [PMID: 35580650 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2079491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem worldwide with limited systemic therapy options. Since the approval of sorafenib in 2008, no systemic therapy has provided a sustained/robust/survival benefit for patients with advanced HCC until recently. Many initially promising therapies have been trialed, but survival outcomes remained stagnant. As such, knowledge concerning previous treatment failures may help guide further areas of study, as well inform future therapeutic approaches. AREA COVERED This article reviews recent advances in the treatment of HCC. Despite some recent success, many systemic and locoregional therapies have failed to produce significant improvements in outcome. These treatment failures are examined and insight into pathways for future success are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Combination atezolizumab and bevacizumab has changed the landscape of systemic treatment for patients with HCC when it became the first therapy after demonstrating improve outcomes over sorafenib. Clinical trials in patients with advanced HCC have inherent difficulty with challenges to determine if a patient's declining liver function is secondary to disease progression, worsening cirrhosis, or drug toxicity, which may skew results. As we gain more knowledge of underlying genetic alterations behind the pathophysiology of the development of HCC, molecular markers may be identified to assist in predicting which patients would respond to a specific therapy.
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Ansari M, Rahman M, Alharbi KS, Altowayan WM, Ali AMA, Almalki WH, Barkat MA, Singh T, Nasar S, Akhter MH, Beg S, Choudhry H. Hispolon-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles: Development, Stability, In Vitro Delivery Profile, and Assessment of Hepatoprotective Activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9452-9464. [PMID: 35350323 PMCID: PMC8945187 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present work describes the development and characterization of liquid crystalline nanoparticles of hispolon (HP-LCNPs) for treating hepatocellular carcinoma. HP-LCNPs were prepared by a top-down method utilizing GMO as the lipid and Pluronic F-127 as the polymeric stabilizer. The prepared formulations (HP1-HP8) were tested for long-term stability, where HP5 showed good stability with a particle size of 172.5 ± 0.3 nm, a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.38 ± 0.31 nm, a zeta potential of -10.12 mV ± 0.05, an entrapment efficiency of 86.81 ± 2.5%, and a drug loading capacity of 12.51 ± 1.12%. Optical photomicrography and transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated a consistent, low degree of aggregation and a spherical shape of LCNPs. The effect of temperature and pH on the optimized formulation (HP5) indicated good stability at 45 °C and at pH between 2 and 5. In vitro gastrointestinal stability indicated no significant change in the particle size, PDI, and entrapment efficiency of the drug. The drug release study exhibited a biphasic pattern in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for 2 h and simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) for up to 24 h, while the best fitting of the profile was observed with the Higuchi model, indicating the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated nearly 4.8-fold higher bioavailability from HP5 (AUC: 1774.3 ± 0.41 μg* h/mL) than from the HP suspension (AUC: 369.11 ± 0.11 μg* h/mL). The anticancer activity evaluation revealed a significant improvement in antioxidant parameters and serum hepatic biomarkers (SGOT, SGPT, ALP, total bilirubin, and GGT) in the diethyl nitrosamine-treated group of rats with the optimized LCNP formulation (HP5) vis-à-vis HP suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
Javed Ansari
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince
Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 16278, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied
Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of
Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad 211007, India
- ,
| | - Khalid S. Alharbi
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Sakakah 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed M. Altowayan
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 52571, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelhaleem Ali
- Department
of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H. Almalki
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Abul Barkat
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University
of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar
Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Department
of Botany, Patliputra University, Patna 800020, Bihar, India
| | - Shehla Nasar
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King
Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Habban Akhter
- School
of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics (SoPPHI), DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of
Pharmaceutical Education and
Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- ,
| | - Hani Choudhry
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Metabolism
& Epigenetic Unit,
Faculty of Science, King Fahd Center for Medical Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Wang B, Sun L, Wen M, Tan Y, Almalki WH, Katouah H, Kazmi I, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Al-Abbasi FA, Alrobaian M, Alharbi KS, Alenezi SK, Alghaith AF, Beg S, Rahman M. Nano lipidic carriers for codelivery of sorafenib and ganoderic acid for enhanced synergistic antitumor efficacy against hepatocellular carcinoma. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 29:843-856. [PMID: 34408545 PMCID: PMC8363106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study focuses on the development and evaluation of nano lipidic carriers (NLCs) for codelivery of sorafenib (SRF) and ganoderic acid (GA) therapy in order to treat hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The dual drug-loaded NLCs were prepared by hot microemulsion technique, where SRF and GA as the drugs, Precirol ATO5, Capmul PG8 as the lipids, while Solutol HS15 and ethanol was used as surfactant and cosolvents. The optimized drug-loaded NLCs were extensively characterized through in vitro and in vivo studies. The optimized formulation had particle size 29.28 nm, entrapment efficiency 93.1%, and loading capacity 14.21%. In vitro drug release studies revealed>64% of the drug was released in the first 6 h. The enzymatic stability analysis revealed stable nature of NLCs in various gastric pH, while accelerated stability analysis at 25◦C/60% RH indicated the insignificant effect of studied condition on particle size, entrapment efficiency, and loading capacity of NLCs. The cytotoxicity performed on HepG2 cells indicated higher cytotoxicity of SRF and GA-loaded NLCs as compared to the free drugs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the optimized formulation suppressed the development of hepatic nodules in the Wistar rats and significantly reduced the levels of hepatic enzymes and nonhepatic elements against DEN intoxication. The SRF and GA-loaded NLCs also showed a significant effect in suppressing the tumor growth and inflammatory cytokines in the experimental study. Further, histopathology study of rats treated SRF and GA-loaded NLCs and DEN showed absence of necrosis, apoptosis, and disorganized hepatic parenchyma, etc. over other treated groups of rats. Overall, the dual drug-loaded NLCs outperformed over the plain drugs in terms of chemoprotection, implying superior therapeutic action and most significantly eliminating the hepatic toxicity induced by DEN in Wistar rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology Minimally Invasive, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong Province 250031, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256610, China
| | - Mingyun Wen
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou People’s Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256610, China
| | - Youchun Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicne, Shandong University, No.11 Wuying Shanzhong Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250031, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicne, Shandong University, No.11 Wuying Shanzhong Road, Jinan City, Shandong Province 250031, China
| | - Waleed H. Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanadi Katouah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sattam K. Alenezi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel F. Alghaith
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India
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