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Zewdie HY, Sarmiento OL, Pinzón JD, Wilches-Mogollon MA, Arbelaez PA, Baldovino-Chiquillo L, Hidalgo D, Guzman LA, Mooney SJ, Nguyen QC, Tasdizen T, Quistberg DA. Road Traffic Injuries and the Built Environment in Bogotá, Colombia, 2015-2019: A Cross-Sectional Analysis. J Urban Health 2024:10.1007/s11524-024-00842-2. [PMID: 38589673 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00842-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Nine in 10 road traffic deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite this disproportionate burden, few studies have examined built environment correlates of road traffic injury in these settings, including in Latin America. We examined road traffic collisions in Bogotá, Colombia, occurring between 2015 and 2019, and assessed the association between neighborhood-level built environment features and pedestrian injury and death. We used descriptive statistics to characterize all police-reported road traffic collisions that occurred in Bogotá between 2015 and 2019. Cluster detection was used to identify spatial clustering of pedestrian collisions. Adjusted multivariate Poisson regression models were fit to examine associations between several neighborhood-built environment features and rate of pedestrian road traffic injury and death. A total of 173,443 police-reported traffic collisions occurred in Bogotá between 2015 and 2019. Pedestrians made up about 25% of road traffic injuries and 50% of road traffic deaths in Bogotá between 2015 and 2019. Pedestrian collisions were spatially clustered in the southwestern region of Bogotá. Neighborhoods with more street trees (RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98), traffic signals (0.89, 0.81-0.99), and bus stops (0.89, 0.82-0.97) were associated with lower pedestrian road traffic deaths. Neighborhoods with greater density of large roads were associated with higher pedestrian injury. Our findings highlight the potential for pedestrian-friendly infrastructure to promote safer interactions between pedestrians and motorists in Bogotá and in similar urban contexts globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwot Y Zewdie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Jose David Pinzón
- Department of Architecture, Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria A Wilches-Mogollon
- School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo Andres Arbelaez
- Center for Research and Formation in Artificial Intelligence, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Dario Hidalgo
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Pontifica Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Luis Angel Guzman
- Grupo de Sostenibilidad Urbana y Regional, SUR, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Stephen J Mooney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Quynh C Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Tolga Tasdizen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Alex Quistberg
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Martínez-Ruíz DM, Fandiño-Losada A, Ponce de Leon A, Arango-Londoño D, Mateus JC, Jaramillo-Molina C, Bonilla-Escobar FJ, Vivas H, Vanlaar W, Gutiérrez-Martínez MI. Impact evaluation of camera enforcement for traffic violations in Cali, Colombia, 2008-2014. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2019; 125:267-274. [PMID: 30802777 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cameras for detecting traffic violations have been used as a measure to improve road safety in different countries around the world. In Cali, Colombia, fixed cameras were installed in March 2012 on a number of roads and intersections. All camera devices are capable of detecting simultaneously the following traffic violations: driving over the speed limit, running a red light or stop sign, violation of the traffic ban schedule, and blocking the pedestrian crosswalk. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of camera enforcement of traffic violations in Cali, Colombia. METHODS A quasi-experimental difference-in-differences study with before and after measurements and a comparison group was conducted. We observed 38 intervention areas and 50 comparison areas (250 m radius), during 42 months before and 34 months after the installation of cameras. Effects were estimated with mixed negative binomial regression models. RESULTS In intervention areas, after 12 months, there was a reduction of 19.2% of all crashes and a 24.7% reduction of injury and fatal crashes. In comparison areas, this reduction was 15.0% for all crashes and 20.1% for injury and fatal crashes. After adjusted comparisons, intervention sites outperformed comparison sites with an additional yearly reduction of 5.3% (p = 0.045) for all crashes. CONCLUSIONS The use of cameras for detecting traffic violations seems to have a positive effect on the reduction of crashes in intervention areas. A beneficial spillover effect was found as well in comparison areas; but more evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Fandiño-Losada
- Cisalva Institute, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; School of Public Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Antonio Ponce de Leon
- Social Medicine Institute, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - David Arango-Londoño
- Cisalva Institute, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Julio Cesar Mateus
- School of Public Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Student of Doctoral Program in Health, School of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | | | - Francisco Javier Bonilla-Escobar
- Cisalva Institute, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia; Institute for Clinical Research Education, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Harvy Vivas
- GERA Research Group, School of Social Sciences and Economics, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Ward Vanlaar
- Traffic Injury Research Foundation, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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