1
|
Lu Y, Wang J, Li L, Zhang X. The role of voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ-1 in the occurrence and development in myofascial orofacial pain. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:552. [PMID: 38735923 PMCID: PMC11089774 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04338-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients who suffer from myofascial orofacial pain could affect their quality of life deeply. The pathogenesis of pain is still unclear. Our objective was to assess Whether Voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ-1(Cavα2δ-1) is related to myofascial orofacial pain. Rats were divided into the masseter tendon ligation group and the sham group. Compared with the sham group, the mechanical pain threshold of the masseter tendon ligation group was reduced on the 4th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after operation(P < 0.05). On the 14th day after operation, Cavα2δ-1 mRNA expression levels in trigeminal ganglion (TG) and the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis and C1-C2 spinal cervical dorsal horn (Vc/C2) of the masseter tendon ligation group were increased (PTG=0.021, PVc/C2=0.012). Rats were divided into three groups. On the 4th day after ligating the superficial tendon of the left masseter muscle of the rats, 10 ul Cavα2δ-1 antisense oligonucleotide, 10 ul Cavα2δ-1 mismatched oligonucleotides and 10 ul normal saline was separately injected into the left masseter muscle of rats in Cavα2δ-1 antisense oligonucleotide group, Cavα2δ-1 mismatched oligonucleotides group and normal saline control group twice a day for 4 days. The mechanical pain threshold of the Cavα2δ-1 antisense oligonucleotides group was higher than Cavα2δ-1 mismatched oligonucleotides group on the 7th and 10th day after operation (P < 0.01). After PC12 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide, Cavα2δ-1 mRNA expression level increased (P < 0.001). Cavα2δ-1 may be involved in the occurrence and development in myofascial orofacial pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jingfu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83, Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Notaj A, Erfanparast A, Tamaddonfard E, Soltanalinejad-Taghiabad F. Exogenous histamine and H 2 receptor activation and H 3 receptor inhibition in nucleus accumbens modulate formalin-induced orofacial nociception through opioid receptors. Behav Pharmacol 2024; 35:66-78. [PMID: 37578392 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) plays an important role in modulation of nociception due to its extensive connections with different regions of the brain. In addition, this nucleus receives histaminergic projections from tuberomammillary nucleus. Considering the role of the central histaminergic system in nociception, the effect of histamine and its H 2 and H 3 receptors agonist and antagonist microinjections into the NAc on orofacial formalin nociception was investigated. In male Wistar rats, using stereotaxic surgery, two guide cannulas were bilaterally implanted into the right and left sides of the NAc. Diluted formalin solution (1.5%, 50 µl) injection into the vibrissa pad led to orofacial nociception. Immediately after injection, face rubbing was observed at 3-min blocks for 45 min. Orofacial formalin nociception was characterized by a biphasic nociceptive response (first phase: 0-3 min and second phase: 15-33 min). Microinjections of histamine (0.5 and 1 μg/site), dimaprit (1 μg/site, H 2 receptor agonist) and thioperamide (2 μg/site, H 3 receptor antagonist) attenuated both phases of formalin orofacial nociception. Prior microinjection of famotidine (2 μg/site) inhibited the antinociceptive effects of dimaprit (1 μg/site). Furthermore, comicroinjection of thioperamide (2 μg/site) and immepip (1 μg/site) prevented thioperamide (2 μg/site)-induced antinociception. Naloxone (2 μg/site) also prevented histamine, dimaprit- and thioperamide-induced antinociception. The results of this study demonstrate that at the level of the NAc, histamine and its H 2 and H 3 receptors are probably involved in the modulation of orofacial nociception with an opioid system-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azam Notaj
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Serow Highway, Urmia
| | - Amir Erfanparast
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Serow Highway, Urmia
| | - Esmaeal Tamaddonfard
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Serow Highway, Urmia
| | - Farhad Soltanalinejad-Taghiabad
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Serow highway, Urmia, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Liu F, Li Y, Li Y, Feng Y, Zhao J, Zhou C, Li C, Shen J, Zhang Y. LncRNA Anxa10-203 enhances Mc1r mRNA stability to promote neuropathic pain by recruiting DHX30 in the trigeminal ganglion. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:28. [PMID: 38433184 PMCID: PMC10910797 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trigeminal nerve injury is one of the most serious complications in oral clinics, and the subsequent chronic orofacial pain is a consumptive disease. Increasing evidence demonstrates long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the pathological process of neuropathic pain. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of LncRNA Anxa10-203 in the development of orofacial neuropathic pain. METHODS A mouse model of orofacial neuropathic pain was established by chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). The Von Frey test was applied to evaluate hypersensitivity of mice. RT-qPCR and/or Western Blot were performed to analyze the expression of Anxa10-203, DHX30, and MC1R. Cellular localization of target genes was verified by immunofluorescence and RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. RNA pull-down and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to detect the interaction between the target molecules. Electrophysiology was employed to assess the intrinsic excitability of TG neurons (TGNs) in vitro. RESULTS Anxa10-203 was upregulated in the TG of CCI-ION mice, and knockdown of Anxa10-203 relieved neuropathic pain. Structurally, Anxa10-203 was located in the cytoplasm of TGNs. Mechanistically, Mc1r expression was positively correlated with Anxa10-203 and was identified as the functional target of Anxa10-203. Besides, Anxa10-203 recruited RNA binding protein DHX30 and formed the Anxa10-203/DHX30 complex to enhance the stability of Mc1r mRNA, resulting in the upregulation of MC1R, which contributed to the enhancement of the intrinsic activity of TGNs in vitro and orofacial neuropathic pain in vivo. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA Anxa10-203 in the TG played an important role in orofacial neuropathic pain and mediated mechanical allodynia in CCI-ION mice by binding with DHX30 to upregulate MC1R expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YaJing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - YiKe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - YueLing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - YuHeng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - JiaShuo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - ChunJie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - JieFei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - YanYan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chu Y, Wu Y, Jia S, Xu K, Liu J, Mai L, Fan W, Huang F. Single-nucleus transcriptome analysis reveals transcriptional profiles of circadian clock and pain related genes in human and mouse trigeminal ganglion. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1176654. [PMID: 37250405 PMCID: PMC10210144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1176654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clinical studies have revealed the existence of circadian rhythms in pain intensity and treatment response for chronic pain, including orofacial pain. The circadian clock genes in the peripheral ganglia are involved in pain information transmission by modulating the synthesis of pain mediators. However, the expression and distribution of clock genes and pain-related genes in different cell types within the trigeminal ganglion, the primary station of orofacial sensory transmission, are not yet fully understood. Methods In this study, data from the normal trigeminal ganglion in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used to identify cell types and neuron subtypes within the human and mouse trigeminal ganglion by single nucleus RNA sequencing analysis. In the subsequent analyses, the distribution of the core clock genes, pain-related genes, and melatonin and opioid-related genes was assessed in various cell clusters and neuron subtypes within the human and mouse trigeminal ganglion. Furthermore, the statistical analysis was used to compare the differences in the expression of pain-related genes in the neuron subtypes of trigeminal ganglion. Results The present study provides comprehensive transcriptional profiles of core clock genes, pain-related genes, melatonin-related genes, and opioid-related genes in different cell types and neuron subtypes within the mouse and human trigeminal ganglion. A comparative analysis of the distribution and expression of the aforementioned genes was conducted between human and mouse trigeminal ganglion to investigate species differences. Discussion Overall, the results of this study serve as a primary and valuable resource for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying oral facial pain and pain rhythms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Chu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Wu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shilin Jia
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinyue Liu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijia Mai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng W, Huang X, Wang J, Gao F, Chai Z, Zeng J, Li S, Yu C. The chronification mechanism of orofacial inflammatory pain: Facilitation by GPER1 and microglia in the rostral ventral medulla. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1078309. [PMID: 36683848 PMCID: PMC9853019 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1078309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic orofacial pain is a common and incompletely defined clinical condition. The role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) as a new estrogen receptor in trunk and visceral pain regulation is well known. Here, we researched the role of GPER1 in the rostral ventral medulla (RVM) during chronic orofacial pain. Methods and Results A pain model was established where rats were injected in the temporomandibular joint with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) to simulate chronic orofacial pain. Following this a behavioral test was performed to establish pain threshold and results showed that the rats injected with CFA had abnormal pain in the orofacial regions. Additional Immunostaining and blot analysis indicated that microglia were activated in the RVM and GPER1 and c-Fos were significantly upregulated in the rats. Conversely, when the rats were injected with G15 (a GPER1 inhibitor) the abnormal pain the CFA rats were experiencing was alleviated and microglia activation was prevented. In addition, we found that G15 downregulated the expression of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC), inhibited the expression of GluA1, restores aberrant synaptic plasticity and reduces the overexpression of the synapse-associated proteins PSD-95 and syb-2 in the RVM of CFA rats. Conclusion The findings indicate that GPER1 mediates chronic orofacial pain through modulation of the PLC-PKC signal pathway, sensitization of the RVM region and enhancement of neural plasticity. These results of this study therefore suggest that GPER1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for chronic orofacial pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zheng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xilu Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- The Sixth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Anesthesiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaowu Chai
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sisi Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Cong Yu, ✉
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mai L, Jia S, Liu Q, Chu Y, Liu J, Yang S, Huang F, Fan W. Sympathectomy Ameliorates CFA-Induced Mechanical Allodynia via Modulating Phenotype of Macrophages in Sensory Ganglion in Mice. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6263-6274. [DOI: 10.2147/jir.s388322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
7
|
Salivary Endocannabinoid Profiles in Chronic Orofacial Pain and Headache Disorders: An Observational Study Using a Novel Tool for Diagnosis and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113017. [PMID: 36361803 PMCID: PMC9659113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is involved in physiological and pathological processes, including pain generation, modulation, and sensation. Its role in certain types of chronic orofacial pain (OFP) has not been thoroughly examined. By exploring the profiles of specific salivary endocannabinoids (eCBs) in individuals with different types of OFP, we evaluated their use as biomarkers and the influence of clinical parameters and pain characteristics on eCB levels. The salivary levels of anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), and their endogenous breakdown product arachidonic acid (AA), as well as the eCB-like molecules N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamide (OEA), were assessed in 83 OFP patients and 43 pain-free controls using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Patients were grouped by diagnosis: post-traumatic neuropathy (PTN), trigeminal neuralgia (TN), temporomandibular disorder (TMD), migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), and burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Correlation analyses between a specific diagnosis, pain characteristics, and eCB levels were conducted. Significantly lower levels of 2-AG were found in the TN and TTH groups, while significantly lower PEA levels were found in the migraine group. BMS was the only group with elevated eCBs (AEA) versus the control. Significant correlations were found between levels of specific eCBs and gender, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), BMI, pain duration, and sleep awakenings. In conclusion, salivary samples exhibited signature eCBs profiles for major OFP disorders, especially migraine, TTH, TN, and BMS. This finding may pave the way for using salivary eCBs biomarkers for more accurate diagnoses and management of chronic OFP patients.
Collapse
|
8
|
Heimfarth L, Rezende MM, Pereira EWM, Passos FRS, Monteiro BS, Santos TKB, Lima NT, Souza ICL, de Albuquerque Junior RLC, de Souza Siqueira Lima P, de Souza Araújo AA, Quintans Júnior LJ, Kim B, Coutinho HDM, de Souza Siqueira Quintans J. Pharmacological effects of a complex α-bisabolol/β-cyclodextrin in a mice arthritis model with involvement of IL-1β, IL-6 and MAPK. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113142. [PMID: 35623175 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease worldwide. The pathology of the disease is characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress, which leads to chronic pain and functional loss in the joints. Conventional anti-arthritic drugs used to relieve pain and other arthritic symptoms often cause severe side effects. α-bisabolol (BIS) is a sesquiterpene that exhibits high anti-inflammatory potential and a significant antinociceptive effect. This study evaluates the anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory and antihyperalgesic effects of BIS alone and in a β-cyclodextrin (βCD/BIS) inclusion complex in a CFA-induced arthritis model. Following the intra-articular administration of CFA, male mice were treated with vehicle, BIS and βCD/BIS (50 mg/kg, p.o.) or a positive control and pain-related behaviors, knee edema and inflammatory and oxidative parameters were evaluated on days 4, 11, 18 and/or 25. Ours findings shows that the oral administration of BIS and βCD/BIS significantly attenuated spontaneous pain-like behaviors, mechanical hyperalgesia, grip strength deficit and knee edema induced by repeated injections of CFA, reducing the joint pain and functional disability associated with arthritis. BIS and βCD/BIS also inhibited the generation of inflammatory and oxidative markers in the knee and blocked MAPK in the spinal cord. In addition, ours results also showed that the incorporation of BIS in cyclodextrin as a drug delivery system improved the pharmacological profile of this substance. Therefore, these results contribute to the pharmacological knowledge of BIS and demonstrated that this terpene appears to be able to mitigate deleterious symptoms of arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luana Heimfarth
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Marília Matos Rezende
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Erik Willyame Menezes Pereira
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Fabiolla Rocha Santos Passos
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Brenda Souza Monteiro
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Tiffany Karoline Barroso Santos
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Natália Teles Lima
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Isana Carla Leal Souza
- Laboratory of Morphology and Experimental Pathology, Research and Technology Institute, Tiradentes University (UNIT), Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | | | - Pollyana de Souza Siqueira Lima
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - Lucindo José Quintans Júnior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Crato, Brazil.
| | - Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Laboratory of Neurosciences and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pereira EWM, Heimfarth L, Santos TK, Passos FRS, Siqueira-Lima P, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Almeida JRGDS, Campos AR, Coutinho HDM, Martin P, Quintans-Júnior LJ, Quintans JSS. Limonene, a citrus monoterpene, non-complexed and complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin attenuates acute and chronic orofacial nociception in rodents: Evidence for involvement of the PKA and PKC pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:153893. [PMID: 35026511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic orofacial pain is a serious public health problem with a prevalence of 7-11% in the population. This disorder has different etiologies and characteristics that make pharmacological treatment difficult. Natural products have been shown to be a promising source of treatments for the management of chronic pain, as an example the terpenes. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of one of these terpenes, d-limonene (LIM - a common monoterpene found in citrus fruits) alone and complexed with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (LIM/HPβCD) in preclinical animal models. METHODS Orofacial pain was induced by the administration of hypertonic saline on the corneal surface, the injection of formalin into the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), or chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-IoN). The study used male Wistar rats and Swiss mice treated with LIM (50 mg/kg), LIM/HPβCD (50 mg/kg), vehicle (control), gabapentin or morphine, and eyes wiping (induced by hypertonic saline), face rubbing (formalin-induced in TMJ) or mechanical hyperalgesia (provoked by CCI-IoN) were assessed. Additionally, ELISA was used to measure TNF-α, and western blot analysis to assess levels of PKAcα, NFκB, p38MAPK and phosphorylated PKC substrates. Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transferase (ALT) were also evaluated. RESULTS LIM and LIM/HPβCD significantly reduced (p < 0.001) corneal nociception and formalin-induced TMJ nociception. In addition, both substances attenuated (p < 0.001) mechanical hyperalgesia in the CCI-IoN model. The antinociceptive effect induced by LIM and HPβCD/LIM was associated with decreased TNF-α levels, downregulation of the NFκB and p38MAPK signalling pathways and reduced PKC substrate phosphorylation and PKA immunocontent. Moreover, the results demonstrated that complexation with HPβCD was able to decrease the therapeutic dose of LIM. CONCLUSION LIM was found to be a promising molecule for the treatment of orofacial pain due to its capacity to modulate some important mediators essential to the establishment of pain, and HPβCD can be a key tool to improve the profile of LIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik W M Pereira
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Tiffany Kb Santos
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Fabiolla R S Passos
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Adriana R Campos
- Experimental Biology Centre (NUBEX). University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Patrick Martin
- Univ Artois, UniLaSalle, Unité Transformations & Agroressources, Béthune, France
| | - Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program (PPGCS), Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, SE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Andrade-González RD, Perrusquia-Hernández E, Montes-Ángeles CD, Castillo-Díaz LA, Hernández Campos ME, Pérez-Martínez IO. Encoding signs of orofacial neuropathic pain from facial expressions in mice. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 135:105369. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
11
|
Phero A, Ferrari LF, Taylor NE. A novel rat model of temporomandibular disorder with improved face and construct validities. Life Sci 2021; 286:120023. [PMID: 34626607 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Temporomandibular disorders are a cluster of orofacial conditions that are characterized by pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surrounding muscles/tissues. Animal models of painful temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) are valuable tools to investigate the mechanisms responsible for symptomatic temporomandibular joint and associated structures disorders. We tested the hypothesis that a predisposing and a precipitating factor are required to produce painful TMD in rats, using the ratgnawmeter, a device that determines temporomandibular pain based on the time taken for the rat to chew through two obstacles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Increased time in the ratgnawmeter correlated with nociceptive behaviors produced by TMJ injection of formalin (2.5%), confirming chewing time as an index of painful TMD. Rats exposed only to predisposing factors, carrageenan-induced TMJ inflammation or sustained inhibition of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme by OR-486, showed no changes in chewing time. However, when combined with a precipitating event, i.e., exaggerated mouth opening produced by daily 1-h jaw extension for 7 consecutive days, robust function impairment was produced. KEY FINDINGS These results validate the ratgnawmeter as an efficient method to evaluate functional TMD pain by evaluating chewing time, and this protocol as a model with face and construct validities to investigate symptomatic TMD mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that a predisposition factor must be present in order for an insult to the temporomandibular system to produce painful dysfunction. The need for a combined contribution of these factors might explain why not all patients experiencing traumatic events, such as exaggerated mouth opening, develop TMDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Phero
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Dr., Research Park, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States of America
| | - Luiz F Ferrari
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 383 Colorow Dr., Research Park, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, United States of America.
| | - Norman E Taylor
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 30 North 1900 East, SOM 3C444, Salt Lake City, UT 84132-2304, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nagakura Y, Nagaoka S, Kurose T. Potential Molecular Targets for Treating Neuropathic Orofacial Pain Based on Current Findings in Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126406. [PMID: 34203854 PMCID: PMC8232571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review highlights potential molecular targets for treating neuropathic orofacial pain based on current findings in animal models. Preclinical research is currently elucidating the pathophysiology of the disease and identifying the molecular targets for better therapies using animal models that mimic this category of orofacial pain, especially post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain (PTNP) and primary trigeminal neuralgia (PTN). Animal models of PTNP and PTN simulate their etiologies, that is, trauma to the trigeminal nerve branch and compression of the trigeminal root entry zone, respectively. Investigations in these animal models have suggested that biological processes, including inflammation, enhanced neuropeptide-mediated pain signal transmission, axonal ectopic discharges, and enhancement of interactions between neurons and glial cells in the trigeminal pathway, are underlying orofacial pain phenotypes. The molecules associated with biological processes, whose expressions are substantially altered following trigeminal nerve damage or compression of the trigeminal nerve root, are potentially involved in the generation and/or exacerbation of neuropathic orofacial pain and can be potential molecular targets for the discovery of better therapies. Application of therapeutic candidates, which act on the molecular targets and modulate biological processes, attenuates pain-associated behaviors in animal models. Such therapeutic candidates including calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists that have a reasonable mechanism for ameliorating neuropathic orofacial pain and meet the requirements for safe administration to humans seem worth to be evaluated in clinical trials. Such prospective translation of the efficacy of therapeutic candidates from animal models to human patients would help develop better therapies for neuropathic orofacial pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Nagakura
- School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa-city, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Shogo Nagaoka
- Basic Research Development Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0216, Japan; (S.N.); (T.K.)
| | - Takahiro Kurose
- Basic Research Development Division, Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-5-4 Kunimidai, Kizugawa, Kyoto 619-0216, Japan; (S.N.); (T.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Glia and Orofacial Pain: Progress and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105345. [PMID: 34069553 PMCID: PMC8160907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain is a universal predicament, afflicting millions of individuals worldwide. Research on the molecular mechanisms of orofacial pain has predominately focused on the role of neurons underlying nociception. However, aside from neural mechanisms, non-neuronal cells, such as Schwann cells and satellite ganglion cells in the peripheral nervous system, and microglia and astrocytes in the central nervous system, are important players in both peripheral and central processing of pain in the orofacial region. This review highlights recent molecular and cellular findings of the glia involvement and glia–neuron interactions in four common orofacial pain conditions such as headache, dental pulp injury, temporomandibular joint dysfunction/inflammation, and head and neck cancer. We will discuss the remaining questions and future directions on glial involvement in these four orofacial pain conditions.
Collapse
|
14
|
Quintans-Júnior LJ, Gandhi SR, Passos FRS, Heimfarth L, Pereira EWM, Monteiro BS, Dos Santos KS, Duarte MC, Abreu LS, Nascimento YM, Tavares JF, Silva MS, Menezes IRA, Coutinho HDM, Lima ÁAN, Zengin G, Quintans JSS. Dereplication and quantification of the ethanol extract of Miconia albicans (Melastomaceae) by HPLC-DAD-ESI-/MS/MS, and assessment of its anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory profiles in a mice arthritis-like model: Evidence for involvement of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112938. [PMID: 32387232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Miconia albicans (Sw) Triana (Melastomataceae), a medicinal plant widely used by practitioners of folk medicine in the northeast of Brazil, has been used to treat chronic inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other joint conditions. Oddly, there is little research on the species. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory profile of the ethanolic leaf extract of M. albicans (EEMA), as well as to perform dereplication and quantification by HPLC-DAD-ESI-/MS/MS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The compounds present in the extracts were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The possible anti-inflammatory effect of EEMA (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) was evaluated using the pleurisy model induced by carrageenan and its action on IL-1β and TNF-α levels was also evaluated. The RA model was induced through the intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). RESULTS HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified 23 compounds, with glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, and rutin being the main compounds. EEMA significantly reduced (p < 0.001) leukocyte migration in the pleurisy model and reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels in pleural lavage (p < 0.001). In the CFA animal model, EEMA significantly reduced the nociceptive and hyperalgesic behaviors demonstrated by the rearing test (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) and decreased mechanical hyperalgesia (p < 0.001). EEMA produced a significant improvement in mobility in the open-field test (only at the higher dose, p < 0.05). EEMA significantly (p < 0.01) increased hindpaw grip strength. The diameter of CFA-induced ipsilateral knee edema was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by EEMA, which was related to reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the joint knee (p < 0.01). No indication of hepatic injury after chronic treatment was found. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results contribute to the chemical and pharmacological knowledge of M. albicans and demonstrated that this medicinal plant appears to be able to mitigate deleterious symptoms of RA, which supports its use in folk medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucindo J Quintans-Júnior
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Depatment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
| | - Sathiyabama R Gandhi
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Depatment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Fabiolla R Santos Passos
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Depatment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Luana Heimfarth
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Depatment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Erik W Menezes Pereira
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Depatment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Brenda S Monteiro
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Depatment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil
| | - Katielen Silvana Dos Santos
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Depatment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Silva Abreu
- Nucleus for Characterization and Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Yuri M Nascimento
- Nucleus for Characterization and Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Josean F Tavares
- Nucleus for Characterization and Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Silva
- Nucleus for Characterization and Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Irwin R A Menezes
- Graduate Program of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Graduate Program of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri (URCA), Crato, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Ádley A N Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte (UFRN), Rio Grande Do Norte (RN), Natal, 59012-570, Brazil
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Jullyana S S Quintans
- Multiuser Health Center Facility (CMulti-Saúde), Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil; Laboratory of Neuroscience and Pharmacological Assays (LANEF), Depatment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão-SE, CEP 49.100-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Oliveira JP, Souza MTS, Cercato LM, Souza AW, Nampo FK, Camargo EA. Natural products for orofacial nociception in pre-clinical studies: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 117:104748. [PMID: 32599517 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the use of natural products (NP) in the treatment of orofacial nociception in animal models. METHODS Pre-clinical studies that have evaluated the efficacy of NPs in experimental orofacial nociception were sought in the Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, SciELO, LILACS and Scholar databases in January 2020, covering the period since the inception of each one. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS We included 41 records in qualitative synthesis. Fifty different NPs were investigated. All studies presented positive results for at least one orofacial nociception test. Regarding the risk of bias, most studies presented poor experimental design, mainly lack of randomization and blinding. The main class of isolated compounds tested was terpenes, of which monoterpenes were investigated in the majority of the studies. CONCLUSION These results indicate that NPs are effective in treating experimental orofacial nociception and highlight some of these NPs, mainly terpenes, suggesting their potential for translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaíne P Oliveira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Programme in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marilia T S Souza
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Luana M Cercato
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil
| | - Astrid W Souza
- Departament of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando K Nampo
- Latin American Institute of Life and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Latin American Integration, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Enilton A Camargo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil; Graduate Programme in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|