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Patnaik N, Dey RJ. Label-Free Citrate-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles-Based, Highly Sensitive, Cost-Effective, and Rapid Visual Method for the Differential Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:426-435. [PMID: 38112513 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis poses a global health challenge, and it demands improved diagnostics and therapies. Distinguishing between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) and Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infections holds critical "One Health" significance due to the zoonotic nature of these infections and inherent resistance of M. bovis to pyrazinamide, a key part of the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) regimen. Furthermore, most of the currently used molecular detection methods fail to distinguish between the two species. To address this, our study presents an innovative molecular-biosensing strategy. We developed a label-free citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticle aggregation assay that offers sensitive, cost-effective, and swift detection. For molecular detection, genomic markers unique to M. tb and M. bovis were targeted using species-specific primers. In addition to amplifying species-specific regions, these primers also aid the detection of characteristic deletions in each of the mycobacterial species. Post polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we compared two highly sensitive visual detection methods with respect to the traditional agarose gel electrophoresis. The paramagnetic bead-based bridging flocculation assay successfully discriminates M. tb from M. bovis with a sensitivity of ∼40 bacilli. The second strategy exploits citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles, which aggregate in the absence of amplified dsDNA on the addition of sodium chloride (NaCl). This technique enables the precise, sensitive, and differential detection of as few as ∼4 bacilli. Our study hence advances tuberculosis detection, overcoming the challenges of M. tb and M. bovis differentiation and offering a quicker alternative to time-consuming methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Patnaik
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500078, India
| | - Ruchi Jain Dey
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana State 500078, India
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Prevots DR, Marshall JE, Wagner D, Morimoto K. Global Epidemiology of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: A Review. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:675-721. [PMID: 37890910 PMCID: PMC10625169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) isolation and pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) have continued to increase in most regions of the world, driven mainly by Mycobacterium avium. Single-center studies also support increasing trends as well as a persistent burden of undiagnosed NTM among persons suspected of having tuberculosis (TB), in countries with moderate-to-high TB prevalence. Cumulative exposure to water and soil presents an increased risk to susceptible hosts, and trace metals in water supply are recently recognized risk factors. Establishing standard case definitions for subnational and national surveillance systems with mandatory notification of NTM-PD are needed to allow comparisons within and across countries and regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rebecca Prevots
- Epidemiology and Population Studies Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
| | - Julia E Marshall
- Epidemiology and Population Studies Unit, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
| | - Dirk Wagner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Hugstetter Street. 55, Freiburg b106, Germany
| | - Kozo Morimoto
- Division of Clinical Research, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association (JATA), 3-1-24, Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo, Japan
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Ahmed A, Tripathi H, van Meijgaarden KE, Kumar NC, Adiga V, Rakshit S, Parthiban C, Eveline J S, D’Souza G, Dias M, Ottenhoff TH, Netea MG, Joosten SA, Vyakarnam A. BCG revaccination in adults enhances pro-inflammatory markers of trained immunity along with anti-inflammatory pathways. iScience 2023; 26:107889. [PMID: 37817935 PMCID: PMC10561055 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterized mechanisms of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) revaccination-induced trained immunity (TI) in India. Adults, BCG vaccinated at birth, were sampled longitudinally before and after a second BCG dose. BCG revaccination significantly elevated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in HLA-DR+CD16-CD14hi monocytes, demonstrating induction of TI. Mycobacteria-specific CD4+ T cell interferon (IFN) γ, IL-2, and TNF-α were significantly higher in re-vaccinees and correlated positively with HLA-DR+CD16-CD14hi TI responses. This, however, did not translate into increased mycobacterial growth control, measured by mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA). Post revaccination, elevated secreted TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 to "heterologous" fungal, bacterial, and enhanced CXCL-10 and IFNα to viral stimuli were also observed concomitant with increased anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1RA. RNA sequencing after revaccination highlighted a BCG and LPS induced signature which included upregulated IL17 and TNF pathway genes and downregulated key inflammatory genes: CXCL11, CCL24, HLADRA, CTSS, CTSC. Our data highlight a balanced immune response comprising pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators to be a feature of BCG revaccination-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ahmed
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Himanshu Tripathi
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Nirutha Chetan Kumar
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Vasista Adiga
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, PES University, Bangalore, India
| | - Srabanti Rakshit
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Chaitra Parthiban
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Sharon Eveline J
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - George D’Souza
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. John’s Medical College, Bangalore, India
| | - Mary Dias
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Annapurna Vyakarnam
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- Infectious Disease Unit, St. John’s Research Institute, Bangalore, India
- Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, King’s College, London, UK
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Ganga RT, Sharma P, Pati SK, Behera AK, Reddy SK. Mycobacterium kansasaii and Mycobacterium scrofulaceum dual pulmonary infection in an immunocompetent male: first report from India. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.4081/monaldi.2022.2371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 57-year-old farmer presented with chronic cough and recurrent hemoptysis, previously treated for sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Referred to us for evaluation of drug resistant tuberculosis as his sputum was persistently positive for acid fast bacilli along with radiological worsening even after 6 months of antitubercular treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage was done and he was diagnosed with a rare mixed non-tuberculous mycobacyteria (NTM) pulmonary infection despite no immune dysfunction. He was successfully treated with multidrug regimen of rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and clarithromycin.
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