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Shen W, Yang M, Chen H, He C, Li H, Yang X, Zhuo J, Lin Z, Hu Z, Lu D, Xu X. FGF21-mediated autophagy: Remodeling the homeostasis in response to stress in liver diseases. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101027. [PMID: 38292187 PMCID: PMC10825283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are worldwide problems closely associated with various stresses, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress. The exact interplay between stress and liver diseases remains unclear. Autophagy plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis, and recent studies indicate tight crosstalk between stress and autophagy in liver diseases. Once the balance between damage and autophagy is broken, autophagy can no longer resist injury or maintain homeostasis. In recent years, FGF21 (fibroblast growth factor 21)-induced autophagy has attracted much attention. FGF21 is regarded as a stress hormone and can be up-regulated by an abundance of signaling pathways in response to stress. Also, increased FGF21 activates autophagy by a complicated signaling network in which mTOR plays a pivotal role. This review summarizes the mechanism of FGF21-mediated autophagy and its derived application in the defense of stress in liver diseases and offers a glimpse into its promising prospect in future clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Modan Yang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Chiyu He
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Huigang Li
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Jianyong Zhuo
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Zuyuan Lin
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Zhihang Hu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Di Lu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- The Institute for Organ Repair and Regenerative Medicine of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Mishra I, Duerrschmid C, Ku Z, He Y, Xie W, Silva ES, Hoffman J, Xin W, Zhang N, Xu Y, An Z, Chopra AR. Asprosin-neutralizing antibodies as a treatment for metabolic syndrome. eLife 2021; 10:63784. [PMID: 33904407 PMCID: PMC8102062 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, we discovered a new glucogenic and centrally acting orexigenic hormone - asprosin. Asprosin is elevated in metabolic syndrome (MS) patients, and its genetic loss results in reduced appetite, leanness, and blood glucose burden, leading to protection from MS. Methods We generated three independent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize unique asprosin epitopes and investigated their preclinical efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of MS. Results Anti-asprosin mAbs from three distinct species lowered appetite and body weight, and reduced blood glucose in a dose-dependent and epitope-agnostic fashion in three independent MS mouse models, with an IC50 of ~1.5 mg/kg. The mAbs displayed a half-life of over 3days in vivo, with equilibrium dissociation-constants in picomolar to low nanomolar range. Conclusions We demonstrate that anti-asprosin mAbs are dual-effect pharmacologic therapy that targets two key pillars of MS - over-nutrition and hyperglycemia. This evidence paves the way for further development towards an investigational new drug application and subsequent human trials for treatment of MS, a defining physical ailment of our time. Funding DK118290 and DK125403 (R01; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases), DK102529 (K08; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases), Caroline Wiess Law Scholarship (Baylor College of Medicine, Harrington Investigatorship Harrington Discovery Institute at University Hospitals, Cleveland); Chao Physician Scientist Award (Baylor College of Medicine); RP150551 and RP190561 (Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas [CPRIT]).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ila Mishra
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, United States
| | - Clemens Duerrschmid
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, United States
| | - Zhiqiang Ku
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States
| | - Yang He
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Wei Xie
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, United States
| | | | - Jennifer Hoffman
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, United States
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States
| | - Yong Xu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States
| | - Atul R Chopra
- Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, United States
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Yu J, Lin S, Luo Y, Shi J, Tan Y, Lai X, Zhao Y, Ye Y, Zhu Y, Zheng W, Huang H. Obesity is correlated with poor outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with acute leukemia. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:889-896. [PMID: 32458984 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between body mass index and overall survival has been controversial in patients who suffered from hematological malignancies and underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS We collected the data of 686 acute leukemia patients who received only one allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in our center from 2008 to 2017. Patients were divided into four groups (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity) according to their body mass index pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. RESULTS 56.4% of patients had normal body mass indices, 17.3% were underweight, 20.4% were overweight and 5.8% were with obesity. Concerning long-term follow-up, the probability of overall survival was significantly lower in overweight (P = 0.010) and patients with obesity (P = 0.065) as compared with normal weight patients, and no statistically significant difference between underweight and normal weight individuals (P = 0.810). The results demonstrated that higher body mass index was associated with poorer overall survival (hazard ratio: 1.79; 95% confidence interval: 1.33-2.40, P < 0.001) and shorter leukemia-free survival (hazard ratio: 1.78; 95% confidence interval: 1.35-2.34, P < 0.001). Additionally, patients exhibiting a higher body mass index were more likely to face the problem of relapse (30.6 vs 20.9%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, non-relapse mortality of patients with obesity was statistically higher than normal weight patients (22.5 vs 9.6%, P = 0.027). Besides, individuals with a higher abdominal girth had shorter survival (hazard ratio: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.31, P < 0.001) and higher relapse rate (hazard ratio: 1.78; 95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.45, P = 0.001) as compared with those with a lower abdominal girth. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that obesity at pre-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation stage, whether characterized by higher body mass index or abdominal girth, is correlated with poorer outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangnao Lin
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jimin Shi
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Tan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Lai
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yishan Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyan Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Lombana TN, Rajan S, Zorn JA, Mandikian D, Chen EC, Estevez A, Yip V, Bravo DD, Phung W, Farahi F, Viajar S, Lee S, Gill A, Sandoval W, Wang J, Ciferri C, Boswell CA, Matsumoto ML, Spiess C. Production, characterization, and in vivo half-life extension of polymeric IgA molecules in mice. MAbs 2019; 11:1122-1138. [PMID: 31122132 PMCID: PMC6748581 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1622940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA antibodies have broad potential as a novel therapeutic platform based on their superior receptor-mediated cytotoxic activity, potent neutralization of pathogens, and ability to transcytose across mucosal barriers via polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR)-mediated transport, compared to traditional IgG-based drugs. However, the transition of IgA into clinical development has been challenged by complex expression and characterization, as well as rapid serum clearance that is thought to be mediated by glycan receptor scavenging of recombinantly produced IgA monomer bearing incompletely sialylated N-linked glycans. Here, we present a comprehensive biochemical, biophysical, and structural characterization of recombinantly produced monomeric, dimeric and polymeric human IgA. We further explore two strategies to overcome the rapid serum clearance of polymeric IgA: removal of all N-linked glycosylation sites creating an aglycosylated polymeric IgA and engineering in FcRn binding with the generation of a polymeric IgG-IgA Fc fusion. While previous reports and the results presented in this study indicate that glycan-mediated clearance plays a major role for monomeric IgA, systemic clearance of polymeric IgA in mice is predominantly controlled by mechanisms other than glycan receptor clearance, such as pIgR-mediated transcytosis. The developed IgA platform now provides the potential to specifically target pIgR expressing tissues, while maintaining low systemic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Noelle Lombana
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sharmila Rajan
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Julie A Zorn
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Danielle Mandikian
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Eugene C Chen
- d Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Alberto Estevez
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Victor Yip
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Daniel D Bravo
- e Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wilson Phung
- f Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Farzam Farahi
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sharon Viajar
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Sophia Lee
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Avinash Gill
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- f Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech Inc. , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Jianyong Wang
- e Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Claudio Ciferri
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - C Andrew Boswell
- b Department of Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Marissa L Matsumoto
- c Department of Structural Biology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Christoph Spiess
- a Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco , CA , USA
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