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Meklati FR, Panara A, Hadef A, Meribai A, Ben-Mahdi MH, Dasenaki ME, Thomaidis NS. Comparative Assessment of Antibiotic Residues Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and a Rapid Screening Test in Raw Milk Collected from the North-Central Algerian Dairies. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10010019. [PMID: 35051061 PMCID: PMC8781432 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic residues in milk are a major health threat for the consumer and a hazard to the dairy industry, causing significant economic losses. This study aims to assess the presence of antibiotic residues in raw milk comparatively by a rapid screening test (BetaStar® Combo) and Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 445 samples were collected from 3 dairy companies of north-central Algeria (Algiers, Blida, Boumerdes), and they were rapidly screened for β-lactams and tetracyclines; 52 samples, comprising 34 positive tanker-truck milk and 18 negative bulk-tank milk were tested by LC-MS/MS, which revealed 90.4% were contaminated (n = 47) and 55.3% exceeded the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL). The β-lactams as parent compounds and their metabolites were the most frequently detected with maximum value for cloxacillin (1231 µg/kg) and penicillin G (2062 µg/kg). Under field condition, the false-positive results, particularly for tetracyclines, seems to be related to milk samples displaying extreme acidity values (≥19°D) or fat-level fluctuations (2.7 g/100 mL and 5.6–6.2 g/100 mL). Despite a relatively low prevalence (7.64%) of residues using the rapid test, the detection by LC-MS/MS of flumequine (52 µg/kg), cefaclor (maximum 220 µg/kg) and metabolites of β-lactams at high levels should lead to reflections on the control of their human and environmental toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawzi Rostane Meklati
- Centre de Recherche Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques CRAPC, BP 384 Bou-Ismail, Tipaza 42004, Algeria;
- Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Productions Animales», Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire ENSV, Rabie Bouchama, Oued-Smar, Algiers 16000, Algeria;
| | - Anthi Panara
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Ahmed Hadef
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Chadli Bendjedid University of El Taref, PB 73, El-Taref 36000, Algeria;
- Laboratory of Development and Control of Hospital Pharmaceutical Preparations, Faculty of Medicine, Badji Mokhtar University of Annaba, Annaba 23000, Algeria
| | - Amel Meribai
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Technologie Alimentaire et Nutrition Humaine, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique, Algiers 16004, Algeria;
| | - Meriem H. Ben-Mahdi
- Laboratoire de Recherche «Santé et Productions Animales», Ecole Nationale Supérieure Vétérinaire ENSV, Rabie Bouchama, Oued-Smar, Algiers 16000, Algeria;
| | - Marilena E. Dasenaki
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (M.E.D.); (N.S.T.)
| | - Nikolaos S. Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zographou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (M.E.D.); (N.S.T.)
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Ahmed S, Ning J, Cheng G, Maan MK, Chen T, Ahmad I, Algharib SA, Yuan Z. Development and validation of an enzyme-linked receptor assay based on mutant protein I188K/S19C/G24C for 40 beta-lactams antibiotics detection in 13 food samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Belmar M, Aly S, Karle BM, Pereira RV. Evaluation of four commercial tests for detecting ceftiofur in waste milk bulk tank samples. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224884. [PMID: 31714908 PMCID: PMC6850555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify factors affecting the accuracy of four commercial tests for ceftiofur drug residue in milk samples from bulk tank waste milk (WM). WM samples were collected from 12 California dairy farms which were initially tested using liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) to confirm their negative status for drug residues above the FDA established tolerance/safe levels. The milk samples were also tested for fat, protein, lactose, solids non-fat (SNF), somatic cell count (SCC), coliform count, and standard plate count (SPC). Each WM sample was divided into two aliquots, one labeled as negative for drug residues (WMN) and the second spiked with ceftiofur as positive for ceftiofur residues (WMPos). Both types of WM samples were tested to evaluate the performance of 4 commercially available tests: Penzyme® Milk Test, SNAP® β-lactam, BetaStar® Plus and Delvo SP-NT®. Three assays in triplicates for the WMN and WMPos were conducted for each WM sample. Test were evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and positive likelihood ratio. Kruskal-Wallis method was used to evaluate the effect of milk quality parameters on true positive (TP) and false negative (FN) test results. All WMPos samples were identified as positive by all four tests, rendering 100% sensitivity for each test. The specificity for Penzyme, BetaStar, Delvo, and SNAP tests were 59.2, 55.5, 44.4, and 29.6, respectively. Overall, all tests correctly identified samples with ceftiofur residues (WMPos), as shown by 100% sensitivity. Greater variability was observed regarding identification of samples free of any drug residue, with Penzyme and BetaStar having the highest risk for correctly identifying TN samples. Our findings indicate that when selecting commercial tests to detect drug residues in WM, milk quality parameters must be considered if the aim is to reduce FP test results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Belmar
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Sharif Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Tulare, CA, United States of America
| | - Betsy M. Karle
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland, CA, United States of America
| | - Richard V. Pereira
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Sachi S, Ferdous J, Sikder MH, Azizul Karim Hussani SM. Antibiotic residues in milk: Past, present, and future. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:315-332. [PMID: 31583228 PMCID: PMC6760505 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Now-a-days, various types of antibiotics are being used worldwide in veterinary sector indiscriminately for promotion of growth and treatment of the livestock. Significant portions of antibiotics are released through milk of dairy animals unaltered and exert serious harmful effects on human health. This review evaluates and compare researches on antibiotic residues in milk in published literatures from Pubmed, CrossRef, CAB direct, DOAJ, JournalTOCs, AGRICOLA, ScientificGate, Electronic Journals Library, CAB abstracts, Global Health Databases, Global Impact Factor, Google Scholar, Park Directory of Open Access Journals, BanglaJOL and ISC E-Journals. Antibiotics residue in milk was first detected in 60s and then with an increasing trend with highest after 2,000 (188). The highest no. of works, 49 (21.87%) were accomplished in China, followed by Spain, 30 (13.39%); Germany, 11 (4.91%); and USA, 10 (4.46%). Continent-wise highest researches are published from Europe, 105 (46.88%), followed by Asia, 77 (34.38%); South America, 18 (8.04%); North America, 16 (7.14%); and Africa, 8 (3.57%). For detection, Bovine milk sample is mostly used, 193 (86.16%), followed by ovine, 19 (8.48%); and caprine, 14 (6.25%). Acetonitrile was used in maximum cases (77) for processing the samples. Chromatographic technique was the highest, 115 (51.34%) for detection. Residue of β-lactam group have been detected mostly 133 (36.54%), followed by tetracyclines, 51 (14.01%); fluoroquinolones, 49 (13.46%); sulfonamides, 46 (12.64%); and aminoglycosides, 38 (10.44%). This review observe that antibiotics residues are more common in milk samples that are being manifested in increasing researches on antibiotic detection and measures should adopt to cease this residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbya Sachi
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Ferdous
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Ahmed S, Ning J, Cheng G, Ahmad I, Li J, Mingyue L, Qu W, Iqbal M, Shabbir MAB, Yuan Z. Receptor-based screening assays for the detection of antibiotics residues - A review. Talanta 2017; 166:176-186. [PMID: 28213220 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Consumer and regulatory agencies have a high concern to antibiotic residues in food producing animals, so appropriate screening assays of fast, sensitive, low cost, and easy sample preparation for the identification of these residues are essential for the food-safety insurance. Great efforts in the development of a high-throughput antibiotic screening assay have been made in recent years. Concerning the screening of antibiotic residue, this review elaborate an overview on the availability, advancement and applicability of antibiotic receptor based screening assays for the safety assessment of antibiotics usage (i.e. radio receptor assay, enzyme labeling assays, colloidal gold receptor assay, enzyme colorimetry assay and biosensor assay). This manuscript also tries to shed a light on the selection, preparation and future perspective of receptor protein for antibiotic residue detection. These assays have been introduced for the screening of numerous food samples. Receptor based screening technology for antibiotic detection has high accuracy. It has been concluded that at the same time, it can detect a class of drugs for certain receptor, and realize the multi-residue detection. These assays offer fast, easy and precise detection of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ahmed
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianan Ning
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guyue Cheng
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ijaz Ahmad
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jun Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liu Mingyue
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Qu
- MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mujahid Iqbal
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - M A B Shabbir
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zonghui Yuan
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MOA Key Laboratory for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; MOA Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Multiresidue analysis of cephalosporin antibiotics in bovine milk based on molecularly imprinted polymer extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1474:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Busin V, Wells B, Kersaudy-Kerhoas M, Shu W, Burgess STG. Opportunities and challenges for the application of microfluidic technologies in point-of-care veterinary diagnostics. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:331-341. [PMID: 27430150 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing need for low-cost, rapid and reliable diagnostic results in veterinary medicine. Point-of-care (POC) tests have tremendous advantages over existing laboratory-based tests, due to their intrinsic low-cost and rapidity. A considerable number of POC tests are presently available, mostly in dipstick or lateral flow formats, allowing cost-effective and decentralised diagnosis of a wide range of infectious diseases and public health related threats. Although, extremely useful, these tests come with some limitations. Recent advances in the field of microfluidics have brought about new and exciting opportunities for human health diagnostics, and there is now great potential for these new technologies to be applied in the field of veterinary diagnostics. This review appraises currently available POC tests in veterinary medicine, taking into consideration their usefulness and limitations, whilst exploring possible applications for new and emerging technologies, in order to widen and improve the range of POC tests available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Busin
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom; School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Beth Wells
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Maïwenn Kersaudy-Kerhoas
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
| | - Wenmaio Shu
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NW, United Kingdom.
| | - Stewart T G Burgess
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, United Kingdom.
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8
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Bion C, Beck Henzelin A, Qu Y, Pizzocri G, Bolzoni G, Buffoli E. Analysis of 27 antibiotic residues in raw cow's milk and milk-based products--validation of Delvotest® T. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 33:54-9. [PMID: 26555933 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2015.1104731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Delvotest® T was evaluated for its capability at detecting residues of 27 antibiotics in raw cow's milk and in some dairy ingredients (skimmed and full-cream milk powders). The kit was used as a screening tool for the qualitative determination of antibiotics from different families in a single test. Results delivered by such a method are expressed as 'positive' or 'negative', referring to the claimed screening target concentration (STC). Validation was conducted according to the European Community Reference Laboratories' (CRLs) residues guidelines of 20 January 2010 and performed by two laboratories, one located in Europe and the other in Asia. Five criteria were evaluated including detection capability at STC, false-positive (FP) rate, false-negative (FN) rate, robustness and cross-reactivity using visual reading and Delvoscan®. STCs were set at or below the corresponding maximum residue limit (MRL), as fixed by European Regulation EC No. 37/2010. Four antibiotics (nafcillin, oxytetracycline, tetracycline and rifaximin) out of 27 had a false-negative rate ranging from 1.7% to 4.9%; however, it was still compliant with the CRLs' requirements. Globally, Delvotest T can be recommended for the analysis of the surveyed antibiotics in raw cow's milk, skimmed and full-cream milk powders. Additional compounds were tested such as sulfamethazine, spiramycin and erythromycin; however, detection at the corresponding MRL was not achievable and these compounds were removed from the validation. Other drugs from the sulfonamide, aminoglycoside or macrolide families not detected by the test at the MRL were not evaluated in this study. Regarding the reliability of this rapid test to milk-based preparations, additional experiments should be performed on a larger range of compounds and samples to validate the Delvotest T in such matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Bion
- a Nestlé Research Centre , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | | | - Yajuan Qu
- b Nestlé Factory Laboratory , Shuangcheng , China
| | | | - Giuseppe Bolzoni
- d Centro Referenza Nazionale Qualità Latte Bovino IZSLER , Brescia , Italy
| | - Elena Buffoli
- d Centro Referenza Nazionale Qualità Latte Bovino IZSLER , Brescia , Italy
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Carlier M, Stove V, Wallis SC, De Waele JJ, Verstraete AG, Lipman J, Roberts JA. Assays for therapeutic drug monitoring of β-lactam antibiotics: A structured review. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 46:367-75. [PMID: 26271599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In some patient groups, including critically ill patients, the pharmacokinetics of β-lactam antibiotics may be profoundly disturbed due to pathophysiological changes in distribution and elimination. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a strategy that may help to optimise dosing. The aim of this review was to identify and analyse the published literature on the methods used for β-lactam quantification in TDM programmes. Sixteen reports described methods for the simultaneous determination of three or more β-lactam antibiotics in plasma/serum. Measurement of these antibiotics, due to low frequency of usage relative to some other tests, is generally limited to in-house chromatographic methods coupled to ultraviolet or mass spectrometric detection. Although many published methods state they are fit for TDM, they are inconvenient because of intensive sample preparation and/or long run times. Ideally, methods used for routine TDM should have a short turnaround time (fast run-time and fast sample preparation), a low limit of quantification and a sufficiently high upper limit of quantification. The published assays included a median of 6 analytes [interquartile range (IQR) 4-10], with meropenem and piperacillin being the most frequently measured β-lactam antibiotics. The median run time was 8 min (IQR 5.9-21.3 min). There is also a growing number of methods measuring free concentrations. An assay that measures antibiotics without any sample preparation would be the next step towards real-time monitoring; no such method is currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieke Carlier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Veronique Stove
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven C Wallis
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jan J De Waele
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain G Verstraete
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey Lipman
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Pazzola M, Piras G, Noce A, Dettori M, Vacca G. Evaluation of the rapid assay Betastar Combo 3.0 for the detection of Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefazolin and Oxytetracycline in individual sheep milk. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Beltrán MC, Borràs M, Nagel O, Althaus RL, Molina MP. Validation of receptor-binding assays to detect antibiotics in goat's milk. J Food Prot 2014; 77:308-13. [PMID: 24490926 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The suitability of different receptor-binding assays to detect antibiotics in raw goat's milk was investigated. Detection capability of most β-lactams and tetracyclines assessed applying the Betastar Combo, the SNAP Betalactam, the SNAP Tetracycline, and the Twinsensor tests was at or below maximum residue limits established by European legislation. Regarding test specificity, cross-reactions with antibiotics other than β-lactams and tetracyclines were not found, and no false-positive results were obtained for the Betastar Combo and the SNAP tests when bulk samples of goat's milk were analyzed. For the Twinsensor test, the false-positive rate was 1%. The performance of the Betastar Combo and the SNAP tests was practically unaffected by the milk quality parameters using individual samples of goat's milk collected at points throughout the entire lactation period (false-positive rate, ≤5%). However, a larger number of positive results were obtained by the Twinsensor test in this type of milk sample (>10%), especially in the last weeks of lactation. Interferences related to the use of the preservative azidiol were not observed in any case. Neither were any significant differences found in relation to the interpretation method (visual versus instrumental) applied. In general, the response of the Betastar Combo, SNAP, and Twinsensor tests was optimal for the analysis of bulk caprine milk; thus, they may be used to monitor milk for the presence of β-lactam and tetracycline residues in quality control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Beltrán
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - M Borràs
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - O Nagel
- Cátedra de Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P.L. Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Argentina
| | - R L Althaus
- Cátedra de Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, R.P.L. Kreder 2805, 3080 Esperanza, Argentina
| | - M P Molina
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46071 Valencia, Spain.
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Beltrán M, Althaus R, Berruga M, Molina A, Molina M. Detection of antibiotics in sheep milk by receptor-binding assays. Int Dairy J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Beltrán MC, Romero T, Althaus RL, Molina MP. Evaluation of the Charm maximum residue limit β-lactam and tetracycline test for the detection of antibiotics in ewe and goat milk. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:2737-45. [PMID: 23453521 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Charm maximum residue limit β-lactam and tetracycline test (Charm MRL BLTET; Charm Sciences Inc., Lawrence, MA) is an immunoreceptor assay utilizing Rapid One-Step Assay lateral flow technology that detects β-lactam or tetracycline drugs in raw commingled cow milk at or below European Union maximum residue levels (EU-MRL). The Charm MRL BLTET test procedure was recently modified (dilution in buffer and longer incubation) by the manufacturers to be used with raw ewe and goat milk. To assess the Charm MRL BLTET test for the detection of β-lactams and tetracyclines in milk of small ruminants, an evaluation study was performed at Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnologia Animal of Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain). The test specificity and detection capability (CCβ) were studied following Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. Specificity results obtained in this study were optimal for individual milk free of antimicrobials from ewes (99.2% for β-lactams and 100% for tetracyclines) and goats (97.9% for β-lactams and 100% for tetracyclines) along the entire lactation period regardless of whether the results were visually or instrumentally interpreted. Moreover, no positive results were obtained when a relatively high concentration of different substances belonging to antimicrobial families other than β-lactams and tetracyclines were present in ewe and goat milk. For both types of milk, the CCβ calculated was lower or equal to EU-MRL for amoxicillin (4 µg/kg), ampicillin (4 µg/kg), benzylpenicillin (≤ 2 µg/kg), dicloxacillin (30 µg/kg), oxacillin (30 µg/kg), cefacetrile (≤ 63 µg/kg), cefalonium (≤ 10 µg/kg), cefapirin (≤ 30 µg/kg), desacetylcefapirin (≤ 30 µg/kg), cefazolin (≤ 25 µg/kg), cefoperazone (≤ 25 µg/kg), cefquinome (20 µg/kg), ceftiofur (≤ 50 µg/kg), desfuroylceftiofur (≤ 50µg/kg), and cephalexin (≤ 50 µg/kg). However, this test could neither detect cloxacillin nor nafcillin at or below EU-MRL (CCβ >30 µg/kg). The CCβ for tetracyclines was also lower than EU-MRL for chlortetracycline (ewe milk: ≤ 50 µg/kg; goat milk: 75 µg/kg), oxytetracycline (≤ 50 µg/kg), and tetracycline (≤ 50 µg/kg). Regarding the 4-epimers of these tetracyclines only 4-epioxytetracycline was detected by the Charm MRL BLTET test below EU-MRL (ewe milk: 75 µg/kg; goat milk: ≤ 50 µg/kg). Acidiol had no effect on the performance of the test. The Charm MRL BLTET test could be used routinely with adapted test procedure for the fast screening of ewe and goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Beltrán
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n. 46071, Valencia, Spain.
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14
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Bremus A, Dietrich R, Dettmar L, Usleber E, Märtlbauer E. A broadly applicable approach to prepare monoclonal anti-cephalosporin antibodies for immunochemical residue determination in milk. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:503-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5750-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Are antibiotic screening approaches sufficiently adequate? A proficiency test. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 685:170-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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