Insights into the evolution and mechanisms of response to heat stress by whole genome sequencing and comparative proteomics analysis of the domesticated edible mushroom Lepista sordida

Trichaptum biforme (Pallidohirschioporus biformis) genome decoding provides insights into carbohydrate degradation and polysaccharide synthesis

Trichaptum biforme is a white-rot fungus that plays a key role in the process of cellulose degradation. In this study, we employed a suite of techniques to sequence the genome of T. biforme, and achieved high-quality assembly and detailed annotation. The genome spans 50.71 Mb, comprises 13 chromosomal pseudomolecules, and encodes 15,302 predicted genes, exhibiting a BUSCO completeness of 96.30 %. Comparative genomic analysis has elucidated the similarities in gene composition and the differences in evolutionary pressure between T. biforme and T. abietinum. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the evolutionary position of T. abietinum and indicates that their divergence time is 21.20 million years ago (MYAs). Bioinformatic analysis revealed 375 genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), of which 144 CAZymes were predicted to interact with 18 polysaccharide synthases. In conclusion, this work reports for the first time the genome of T. biforme, providing a comprehensive understanding of its complex functions, and elucidating the genetic basis of its ability to degrade lignocellulose.

Genome Sequencing of Three Pathogenic Fungi Provides Insights into the Evolution and Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Cobweb Disease on Cultivated Mushrooms

Fungal diseases not only reduce the yield of edible mushrooms but also pose potential threats to the preservation and quality of harvested mushrooms. Cobweb disease, caused primarily by fungal pathogens from the Hypocreaceae family, is one of the most significant diseases affecting edible mushrooms. Deciphering the genomes of these pathogens will help unravel the molecular basis of their evolution and identify genes responsible for pathogenicity. Here, we present high-quality genome sequences of three cobweb disease fungi: Hypomyces aurantius Cb-Fv, Cladobotryum mycophilum CB-Ab, and Cladobotryum protrusum CB-Mi, isolated from Flammulina velutipes, Agaricus bisporus, and Morchella importuna, respectively. The assembled genomes of H. aurantius, C. mycophilum, and C. protrusum are 33.19 Mb, 39.83 Mb, and 38.10 Mb, respectively. This is the first report of the genome of H. aurantius. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that cobweb disease pathogens are closely related and diverged approximately 17.51 million years ago. CAZymes (mainly chitinases, glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidases, and secondary metabolite synthases), proteases, KP3 killer proteins, lipases, and hydrophobins were found to be conserved and strongly associated with pathogenicity, virulence, and adaptation in the three cobweb pathogens. This study provides insights into the genome structure, genome organization, and pathogenicity of these three cobweb disease fungi, which will be a valuable resource for comparative genomics studies of cobweb pathogens and will help control this disease, thereby enhancing mushroom quality.