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Zúñiga-López CM, Márquez-Pérez K, Argueta-Figueroa L, Bautista-Hernández MA, Torres-Rosas R. Chitosan for the treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa: A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2024; 29:e9-e17. [PMID: 37992146 PMCID: PMC10765333 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.25987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitosan is a cheap, accessible, nontoxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable compound. Also, this polysaccharide possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Consequently, a wide range of chitosan applications in the dentistry field has been explored. This work aimed to conduct a systematic review to address the clinical efficacy of chitosan for the treatment of oral mucositis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The design of the included studies were observational studies, randomized clinical trials (RCT), and non-randomized clinical trials (non-RCT), whereas, a series of cases, in vivo, and in vitro studies were excluded. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source, and ClinicalTrials. Gray literature was searched at Google Scholar. Relevant data from all included studies were recorded. The risk of bias (using RoB 2) and the quality (using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation, GRADE) assessments were carried out. RESULTS From the 8413 records screened, 5 clinical trials fully met the eligibility criteria, which comprised a total of 192 participants suffering oral lesions and pain related to oral mucositis. 100% of the included studies exhibited a high risk of bias. The quality of the studies was between low and very low. CONCLUSIONS The results of the included studies suggest that chitosan can diminish pain and improve the healing of ulcers in oral mucositis. However, there is no conclusive evidence of chitosan as a superior treatment for oral mucositis compared with other current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-M Zúñiga-López
- Center for Health and Diseases Scieces Research School of Dentistry, Benito Juárez Autonomous University of Oaxaca Universidad avenue, "Ex-Hacienda de Cinco Señores" Zip code: 68120, Oaxaca, Mexico
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2
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Yin Q, Liu J, Zhong Z, Zhang Y, Zhang F, Wang M. Synthesis of phytic acid-modified chitosan and the research of the corrosion inhibition and antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126905. [PMID: 37729982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, chitosan (CS) and phytic acid (PA) were employed as raw materials to synthesize a range of chitosan-phytic acid complexes (CP) with different ratios (CS:PA = 12:1, 9:1, 6:1, 3:1, 1:1). The structures and elemental compositions of the compounds were characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The thermal stability of the synthesized materials was analyzed using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer (TG). Electrochemical testing was conducted to explore the corrosion inhibition effect of the modified inhibitors with varying ratios on Q235 steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Additionally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was utilized to investigate the surface morphology of the immersed samples. When the CS:PA ratio was 3:1, CP exhibited an impressive corrosion inhibition efficiency of 94.9 %. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties of CP were evaluated using the colony plate counting method. At a CS:PA ratio of 1:1, CP demonstrated the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 0.1250 % and 0.5000 %, respectively. This research introduces a novel green corrosion inhibitor capable of simultaneously reducing the electrochemical corrosion of Q235 while inhibiting biocorrosion, avoiding the antagonistic effects arising from the simultaneous use of biocides and corrosion inhibitors in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yin
- Inner Mongolia Power (Group) Co., Ltd, PR China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Economic and Technological Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Power Group, PR China.
| | - Zicheng Zhong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | | | - Feiran Zhang
- Economic and Technological Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Power Group, PR China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Economic and Technological Research Institute of Inner Mongolia Power Group, PR China
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3
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Arita GS, Ma Q, Leaves I, Pradhan A, Hickey E, Dambuza I, Bebes A, Vincenzi Conrado PC, Barros Galinari C, Vicente Seixas FA, Kioshima ÉS, de Souza Bonfim-Mendonça P, Svidzinski TIE, Brown AJP. The impact of ORF19.36.1 in the pathobiology of Candida albicans. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106437. [PMID: 37913825 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous proteomics data obtained from Candida albicans recovered after serial passage in a murine model of systemic infection revealed that Orf19.36.1 expression correlates with the virulence of the fungus. Therefore, the impact of ORF19.36.1 upon virulence was tested in this study. MATERIALS & METHODS CRISPR-Cas9 technology was used to construct homozygous C. albicans orf19.36.1 null mutants and the phenotypes of these mutants examined in vitro (filamentation, invasion, adhesion, biofilm formation, hydrolase activities) and in vivo assays. RESULTS The deletion of ORF19.36.1 did not significantly impact the phenotypes examined or the virulence of C. albicans in two infection models. CONCLUSION These results suggest that, although Orf19.36.1 expression correlates with virulence, this protein is not essential for C. albicans pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaucia Sayuri Arita
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringa, T20 Building, Room 203, Colombo Avenue, 5790 - Zone 7, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Qinxi Ma
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ian Leaves
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Arnab Pradhan
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Emer Hickey
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ivy Dambuza
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Attila Bebes
- Centre for Cytomics, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Pollyanna Cristina Vincenzi Conrado
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringa, T20 Building, Room 203, Colombo Avenue, 5790 - Zone 7, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Barros Galinari
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringa, T20 Building, Room 203, Colombo Avenue, 5790 - Zone 7, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Flávio Augusto Vicente Seixas
- Department of Technology, State University of Maringa, Ângelo Moreira da Fonseca Avenue, 1800 - Danielle Park, Umuarama, PR, 87506-370, Brazil
| | - Érika Seki Kioshima
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringa, T20 Building, Room 203, Colombo Avenue, 5790 - Zone 7, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Souza Bonfim-Mendonça
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringa, T20 Building, Room 203, Colombo Avenue, 5790 - Zone 7, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringa, T20 Building, Room 203, Colombo Avenue, 5790 - Zone 7, Maringá, PR, 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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Jiang S, Shang X, Chen G, Zhao M, Kong H, Huang Z, Zheng X. Effects of regular zooplankton supplement on the bacterial communities and process performance of biofilm for wastewater treatment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118933. [PMID: 37690248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm processing technologies were widely used for wastewater treatment due to its advantages of low cost and easy management. However, the aging biofilms inevitably decrease the purification efficiency and increase the sludge production, which limited the widely application of biofilms technologies in rural area. In this study, we proposed a novel strategy by introducing high-trophic organisms to prey on low-trophic organisms, and reduce the aged biofilms and enhance treatment efficiencies in rural wastewater treatment. The effect of three typical zooplankton (Paramecium, Daphnia, and Rotifer) supplement on the purification efficiency and biofilm properties in the contact oxidation process were investigated, and the reaction conditions were optimized by an orthogonal experiment. Under optimal conditions, the biofilms weight decreased 67.6%, the oxygen consumption rate of biofilms increased 9.4%, and wastewater treatment efficiency was obviously increased after zooplankton supplement. Microbial sequencing results demonstrated that the zooplankton optimize the contact oxidation process by altering the bacterial genera mainly Diaphorobacter, Thermomonas, Alicycliphilus and Comamonas. This research provides insight into mechanism of the zooplankton supplement in biological contact oxidation process and provides a feasible strategy for improving the rural sewage treatment technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunfeng Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Xiao Shang
- Shanghai Waterway Engineering Design and Consulting Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 200135, PR China.
| | - Gong Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Min Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
| | - Hainan Kong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Zhao Huang
- Wenzhou Ecological Park Development and Construction Investment Group Co., Ltd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, PR China.
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China; Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, PR China.
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5
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Lv S, Zhang S, Zuo J, Liang S, Yang J, Wang J, Wei D. Progress in preparation and properties of chitosan-based hydrogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124915. [PMID: 37211080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a kind of natural polysaccharide biomass with the second highest content in nature after cellulose, which has good biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, hemostasis, mucosal adsorption, non-toxicity, and antibacterial properties. Therefore, hydrogels prepared from chitosan have the advantages of good hydrophilicity, unique three-dimensional network structure, and good biocompatibility, so they have received extensive attention and research in environmental testing, adsorption, medical materials, and catalytic supports. Compared with traditional polymer hydrogels, biomass chitosan-based hydrogels have advantages such as low toxicity, excellent biocompatibility, outstanding processability, and low cost. This paper reviews the preparation of various chitosan-based hydrogels using chitosan as raw material and their applications in the fields of medical materials, environmental detection, catalytic carriers, and adsorption. Some views and prospects are put forward for the future research and development of chitosan-based hydrogels, and it is believed that chitosan-based hydrogels will be able to obtain more valuable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Lv
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jingjing Zuo
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Shan Liang
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Juhui Yang
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China
| | - Dequan Wei
- College of Light Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
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Tabassum Z, Mohan A, Mamidi N, Khosla A, Kumar A, Solanki PR, Malik T, Girdhar M. Recent trends in nanocomposite packaging films utilising waste generated biopolymers: Industrial symbiosis and its implication in sustainability. IET Nanobiotechnol 2023; 17:127-153. [PMID: 36912242 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled waste generation and management difficulties are causing chaos in the ecosystem. Although it is vital to ease environmental pressures, right now there is no such practical strategy available for the treatment or utilisation of waste material. Because the Earth's resources are limited, a long-term, sustainable, and sensible solution is necessary. Currently waste material has drawn a lot of attention as a renewable resource. Utilisation of residual biomass leftovers appears as a green and sustainable approach to lessen the waste burden on Earth while meeting the demand for bio-based goods. Several biopolymers are available from renewable waste sources that have the potential to be used in a variety of industries for a wide range of applications. Natural and synthetic biopolymers have significant advantages over petroleum-based polymers in terms of cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and user-friendliness. Using waste as a raw material through industrial symbiosis should be taken into account as one of the strategies to achieve more economic and environmental value through inter-firm collaboration on the path to a near-zero waste society. This review extensively explores the different biopolymers which can be extracted from several waste material sources and that further have potential applications in food packaging industries to enhance the shelf life of perishables. This review-based study also provides key insights into the different strategies and techniques that have been developed recently to extract biopolymers from different waste byproducts and their feasibility in practical applications for the food packaging business.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Tabassum
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anand Mohan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Narsimha Mamidi
- Department of Chemistry and Nanotechnology, The School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.,Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystmes, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ajit Khosla
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anil Kumar
- Gene Regulation Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pratima R Solanki
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Madhuri Girdhar
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
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7
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Hassan MA, Tamer TM, Omer AM, Baset WMA, Abbas E, Mohy-Eldin MS. Therapeutic potential of two formulated novel chitosan derivatives with prominent antimicrobial activities against virulent microorganisms and safe profiles toward fibroblast cells. Int J Pharm 2023; 634:122649. [PMID: 36709834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of new antimicrobial agents has been drawing considerable attention due to the extreme escalation of multi-drug resistant microorganisms. We thus sought to ameliorate the antimicrobial activities of the chitosan (Cs) biopolymer by coupling chitosan with cyclohexanone and 2-N-methyl pyrrolidone, synthesizing two novel Schiff bases (CsSB1 and CsSB2), respectively. FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM, and potentiometric titration were employed to characterize the formulated chitosan derivatives. The findings exposed that the degrees of deacetylation were 88.12% and 89.98% for CsSB1 and CsSB2, respectively. The antimicrobial capacities of CsSB1 and CsSB2 were substantially enhanced compared with prime chitosan. Furthermore, the CsSB1 and CsSB2 demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 50 µg/ml in relation to all studied microorganisms, whereas chitosan revealed MIC value of 50 µg/ml only for E. coli. Furthermore, CsSB1 with a concentration of 250 µg/ml manifested the highest antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Correspondingly, CsSB2 revealed a comparable trend of microbial hindrance with lower activities. Besides, the two derivatives could thwart the growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans). The cytotoxicity assay of the biomaterials accentuated their biocompatibility with fibroblasts. Collectively, the two formulated chitosan derivatives could competently rival the native chitosan, particularly for future applications in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassan
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Tamer M Tamer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934 Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Omer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walid M A Baset
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa st., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Abbas
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Mohy-Eldin
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technologies and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, P.O. Box: 21934 Alexandria, Egypt
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8
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Boamah PO, Onumah J, Aduguba WO, Santo KG. Application of depolymerized chitosan in crop production: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123858. [PMID: 36871686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, chitosan (CHT) is well known for its uses, particularly in veterinary and agricultural fields. However, chitosan's uses suffer greatly due to its extremely solid crystalline structure, it is insoluble at pH levels above or equal to 7. This has sped up the process of derivatizing and depolymerizing it into low molecular weight chitosan (LMWCHT). As a result of its diverse physicochemical as well as biological features which include antibacterial activity, non-toxicity, and biodegradability, LMWCHT has evolved into new biomaterials with extremely complex functions. The most important physicochemical and biological property is antibacterial, which has some degree of industrialization today. CHT and LMWCHT have potential due to the antibacterial and plant resistance-inducing properties when applied in crop production. This study has highlighted the many advantages of chitosan derivatives as well as the most recent studies on low molecular weight chitosan applications in crop development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Osei Boamah
- Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana.
| | - Jacqueline Onumah
- Department of Ecological Agriculture, Bolgatanga Technical University, Bolgatanga, Ghana
| | | | - Kwadwo Gyasi Santo
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Production, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Ghana
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9
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Rola K, Majewska E, Chowaniec K. Interaction effect of fungicide and chitosan on non-target lichenized fungi. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137772. [PMID: 36623603 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of plant growth stimulants and pesticides is currently a considerable problem, especially in agriculture, horticulture, and arboriculture. Understanding the impacts of these compounds and their combinations on non-target organisms is crucial to minimize unintended consequences, while maintaining their use in plant protection. The aim of this study was to test how long-term spraying with different solutions of natural biostimulator chitosan, synthetic fungicide Switch 62.5 WG, and their combinations affects the physiology of epiphytic lichen Xanthoria parietina naturally occurring in fruit orchards and farmlands. We showed that fungicides composed of fludioxionil and cypronidil, as well as the combined use of such fungicides together with chitosan, can cause the considerable impairment of lichen physiology, and these disturbances relate to both algal and fungal partners of the symbiotic association. This negative effect was especially visible in the loss of cell membrane integrity, the high level of membrane lipid peroxidation, and changes in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters on the last day of the experiment. The combined use of these agents also leads to clear disturbances in the functioning of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which was manifested by increased NADH dehydrogenase activity, while the use of these compounds separately led to a decrease in the activity of this enzyme. We concluded that the regular use of these agents in fruit tree cultivation may cause serious ecological consequences for epiphytic lichen communities as a result of the death of lichen thalli. This study suggests that the impact of some plant protection agents, both individually and in combinations, merits further attention in terms of their impact on non-target fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Rola
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Emilia Majewska
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Chowaniec
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
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10
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Lee S, Hao LT, Park J, Oh DX, Hwang DS. Nanochitin and Nanochitosan: Chitin Nanostructure Engineering with Multiscale Properties for Biomedical and Environmental Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203325. [PMID: 35639091 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanochitin and nanochitosan (with random-copolymer-based multiscale architectures of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine units) have recently attracted immense attention for the development of green, sustainable, and advanced functional materials. Nanochitin and nanochitosan are multiscale materials from small oligomers, rod-shaped nanocrystals, longer nanofibers, to hierarchical assemblies of nanofibers. Various physical properties of chitin and chitosan depend on their molecular- and nanostructures; translational research has utilized them for a wide range of applications (biomedical, industrial, environmental, and so on). Instead of reviewing the entire extensive literature on chitin and chitosan, here, recent developments in multiscale-dependent material properties and their applications are highlighted; immune, medical, reinforcing, adhesive, green electrochemical materials, biological scaffolds, and sustainable food packaging are discussed considering the size, shape, and assembly of chitin nanostructures. In summary, new perspectives for the development of sustainable advanced functional materials based on nanochitin and nanochitosan by understanding and engineering their multiscale properties are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyoung Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Lam Tan Hao
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop X Oh
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Ulsan, 44429, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Hwang
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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11
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In vitro antimicrobial effects of chitosan on microcosm biofilms of oral candidiasis. J Dent 2022; 125:104246. [PMID: 35914573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed the effects of chitosan (CS) on microcosm biofilms derived from saliva of patients with Candida-associated denture stomatitis. METHODS Five removable denture wearers with denture stomatitis were included in the study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CS against clinical isolates of Candida albicans was determined according to the broth microdilution method. Pooled saliva from the donors was used as an inoculum for the formation of biofilms, which were developed during 72 h on acrylic surfaces in the Amsterdam Active Attachment model. The biofilms were then treated with different concentrations of CS, and the antibiofilm effects were evaluated through the quantification of colony-forming units (CFUs), total biomass (TB), metabolic activity (MA), lactic acid production (LAP), and cell viability (by confocal laser scanning microscopy). Chlorhexidine, miconazole, and nystatin were tested as positive controls, while the negative control (NC) was the untreated biofilm. Data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Fischer LSD's post hoc test (α=0.05). RESULTS MIC values of CS ranged from 500 to 800 µg/mL. For CFUs, 2500 µg/mL CS was the most effective treatment in reducing total anaerobes, mutans streptococci, and Lactobacillus spp., significantly differing from the controls. For C. albicans CFUs, CS and positive controls did not differ from each other but led to significant reductions compared to NC. Regarding TB, MA, LAP, and cell viability, 2500 µg/mL CS promoted the greatest reductions compared to NC. CONCLUSION CS has similar or superior effects to conventional active principles on important parameters of oral candidiasis microcosm biofilms. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The antibiofilm effects of CS show that this compound has great potential to improve the clinical condition of denture stomatitis patients, and formulations containing this natural polymer could be useful for controlling oral candidiasis.
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Ramachandran S, Narasimman V, Rajesh P. Low molecular weight sulfated chitosan isolation, characterization and anti-tuberculosis activity derived from Sepioteuthis lessoniana. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 206:29-39. [PMID: 35218800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The research focused on tuberculosis as it is one of the world's most serious health problems. The extracted chitin from the gladius of Sepioteuthis lessoniana converted into Chitosan (CH). The purified and freeze-dried CH was refined as Sulfated Chitosan (SCH). The SCH was converted into low molecular weight of SCH with various doses of Gamma Irradiation (GIR). Fluorescence characteristics of GIR-SCH and elemental analysis were confirmed. The structure and molecular weights of GIR-SCH were determined with FT-IR, NMR and MALDI-TOF/Mass Spectroscopy. 100 Gy of GIR-SCH significantly showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Mycobacterium smegmatis. The MIC against M. smegmatis was not affected by the varied sulfate levels in the identical molecular weight GIR-SCH. However, the lowest molecular weight GIR-SCH displayed a significantly MIC against M. smegmatis. In docking analysis, the 6ZT3 ligand had the lowest binding energy of -1.57 kcal/Mol indicating a superior binding interaction with GIR-SCH. The effect of molecular weight reduction by GIR on the anti-tuberculosis capacity of GIR SCH was investigated in this study which had antimicrobial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Ramachandran
- Native Medicine & Marine Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (Deemed to be University), Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vignesh Narasimman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Puspalata Rajesh
- Water and Steam Chemistry Division, BARC Facilities, Kalpakkam 603102, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Peng Z, Tang J. Intestinal Infection of Candida albicans: Preventing the Formation of Biofilm by C. albicans and Protecting the Intestinal Epithelial Barrier. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:783010. [PMID: 35185813 PMCID: PMC8847744 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.783010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The large mortality and morbidity rate of C. albicans infections is a crucial problem in medical mycology. Because the generation of biofilms and drug resistance are growing concerns, the growth of novel antifungal agents and the looking for newer objectives are necessary. In this review, inhibitors of C. albicans biofilm generation and molecular mechanisms of intestinal epithelial barrier protection are elucidated. Recent studies on various transcription elements; quorum-sensing molecules; host responses to adherence; and changes in efflux pumps, enzymes, bud to hyphal transition, and lipid profiles have increased the knowledge of the intricate mechanisms underlying biofilm resistance. In addition, the growth of novel biomaterials with anti-adhesive nature, natural products, drugs, bioactive compounds, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are being researched. Recently, more and more attention has been given to various metal nanoparticles that have also appeared as antibiofilm agents in C. albicans. The intestinal epithelial obstacle exerts an crucial effect on keeping intestinal homeostasis and is increasingly associated with various disorders associated with the intestine such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome, metabolic syndrome, allergies, hepatic inflammation, septic shock, etc. However, whether their involvement in the prevention of other intestinal disorders like IBD are useful in C. albicans remains unknown. Further studies must be carried out in order to validate their inhibition functions in intestinal C. albicans. This provides innovates ideas for intestinal C. albicans treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Peng
- Department of Trauma-Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Department of Trauma-Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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The sat1 Gene Is Required for the Growth and Virulence of the Human Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0155821. [PMID: 35107385 PMCID: PMC8809347 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01558-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is an important opportunistic pathogenic fungus that causes invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised humans. Regulated fungal growth is essential for disease development and progression. Thus, screening for genes that regulate fungal growth may lead to the identification of potential therapeutic targets for invasive aspergillosis (IA). Screening of the transfer DNA (T-DNA) random-insertion A. fumigatus mutants identified a severe growth deficiency mutant AFM2954 and featured sat1 as the mutated gene described as a putative intracellular protein transporter of unknown function. The deletion of sat1 exhibited severe growth defects and significantly increased the nematode and mouse survival rates and decreased the fungal loads and histopathological damages in mouse lungs. Transcriptomic analyses revealed expression changes associated with the cell wall synthesis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation genes in the sat1 mutant. Deletion of the gene resulted in resistance to cell wall-perturbing agents and thickened cell wall as well as reduced ATP contents and mitochondrial membrane potential, suggested that sat1 affected the cell wall synthesis and mitochondrial function of A. fumigatus. All together, our study uncovered novel functions of sat1 in growth and virulence of A. fumigatus and provided a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic target for treating IA patients. IMPORTANCE Aspergillus fumigatus is the main causative agent of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts, with up to 90% lethality. Nevertheless, the fungal factors that regulate the pathogenesis of A. fumigatus remain largely unknown. Better understanding of the mechanisms controlling growth of A. fumigatus may provide novel therapeutic targets. In the present study, we characterized sat1 in the opportunistic pathogen A. fumigatus. The function of sat1 remains unknown. We proved its important role in growth and virulence, likely because of its effects on cell wall synthesis and mitochondrial functions.
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Antimicrobial Properties of Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives in the Treatment of Enteric Infections. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237136. [PMID: 34885715 PMCID: PMC8659174 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics played an important role in controlling the development of enteric infection. However, the emergence of antibiotic resistance and gut dysbiosis led to a growing interest in the use of natural antimicrobial agents as alternatives for therapy and disinfection. Chitosan is a nontoxic natural antimicrobial polymer and is approved by GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe by the United States Food and Drug Administration). Chitosan and chitosan derivatives can kill microbes by neutralizing negative charges on the microbial surface. Besides, chemical modifications give chitosan derivatives better water solubility and antimicrobial property. This review gives an overview of the preparation of chitosan, its derivatives, and the conjugates with other polymers and nanoparticles with better antimicrobial properties, explains the direct and indirect mechanisms of action of chitosan, and summarizes current treatment for enteric infections as well as the role of chitosan and chitosan derivatives in the antimicrobial agents in enteric infections. Finally, we suggested future directions for further research to improve the treatment of enteric infections and to develop more useful chitosan derivatives and conjugates.
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Kutawa AB, Ahmad K, Ali A, Hussein MZ, Abdul Wahab MA, Adamu A, Ismaila AA, Gunasena MT, Rahman MZ, Hossain MI. Trends in Nanotechnology and Its Potentialities to Control Plant Pathogenic Fungi: A Review. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:881. [PMID: 34571758 PMCID: PMC8465907 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 15-18% of crops losses occur as a result of animal pests, while weeds and microbial diseases cause 34 and 16% losses, respectively. Fungal pathogens cause about 70-80% losses in yield. The present strategies for plant disease control depend transcendently on agrochemicals that cause negative effects on the environment and humans. Nanotechnology can help by reducing the negative impact of the fungicides, such as enhancing the solubility of low water-soluble fungicides, increasing the shelf-life, and reducing toxicity, in a sustainable and eco-friendly manner. Despite many advantages of the utilization of nanoparticles, very few nanoparticle-based products have so far been produced in commercial quantities for agricultural purposes. The shortage of commercial uses may be associated with many factors, for example, a lack of pest crop host systems usage and the insufficient number of field trials. In some areas, nanotechnology has been advanced, and the best way to be in touch with the advances in nanotechnology in agriculture is to understand the major aspect of the research and to address the scientific gaps in order to facilitate the development which can provide a rationale of different nanoproducts in commercial quantity. In this review, we, therefore, described the properties and synthesis of nanoparticles, their utilization for plant pathogenic fungal disease control (either in the form of (a) nanoparticles alone, that act as a protectant or (b) in the form of a nanocarrier for different fungicides), nano-formulations of agro-nanofungicides, Zataria multiflora, and ginger essential oils to control plant pathogenic fungi, as well as the biosafety and limitations of the nanoparticles applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Bashir Kutawa
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.A.W.); (A.A.); (A.A.I.); (M.T.G.); (M.Z.R.); (M.I.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Dutsin-ma P.M.B 5001, Nigeria
| | - Khairulmazmi Ahmad
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.A.W.); (A.A.); (A.A.I.); (M.T.G.); (M.Z.R.); (M.I.H.)
- Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protection, Institute of Plantation Studies (IKP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Asgar Ali
- Centre of Excellence for Postharvest Biotechnology (CEPB), School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih 43500, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Aswad Abdul Wahab
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.A.W.); (A.A.); (A.A.I.); (M.T.G.); (M.Z.R.); (M.I.H.)
| | - Abdullahi Adamu
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.A.W.); (A.A.); (A.A.I.); (M.T.G.); (M.Z.R.); (M.I.H.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sokoto State University, Birnin Kebbi Road, Sokoto P.M.B 2134, Nigeria
| | - Abubakar A. Ismaila
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.A.W.); (A.A.); (A.A.I.); (M.T.G.); (M.Z.R.); (M.I.H.)
- Department of Integrated Science, School of Secondary Education (Science), Federal College of Education (Technical), Bichi P.M.B 3473, Nigeria
| | - Mahesh Tiran Gunasena
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.A.W.); (A.A.); (A.A.I.); (M.T.G.); (M.Z.R.); (M.I.H.)
- Grain Legume and Oil Crop Research and Development Centre, Angunakolapelessa 82220, Sri Lanka
| | - Muhammad Ziaur Rahman
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.A.W.); (A.A.); (A.A.I.); (M.T.G.); (M.Z.R.); (M.I.H.)
- Plant Pathology Division, Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Barishal 8211, Bangladesh
| | - Md Imam Hossain
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (M.A.A.W.); (A.A.); (A.A.I.); (M.T.G.); (M.Z.R.); (M.I.H.)
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Ke CL, Deng FS, Chuang CY, Lin CH. Antimicrobial Actions and Applications of Chitosan. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:904. [PMID: 33804268 PMCID: PMC7998239 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a naturally originating product that can be applied in many areas due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxic properties. The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of chitosan offers great commercial potential for this product. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial activity of chitosan varies, because this activity is associated with its physicochemical characteristics and depends on the type of microorganism. In this review article, the fundamental properties, modes of antimicrobial action, and antimicrobial effects-related factors of chitosan are discussed. We further summarize how microorganisms genetically respond to chitosan. Finally, applications of chitosan-based biomaterials, such as nanoparticles and films, in combination with current clinical antibiotics or antifungal drugs, are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-L.K.); (F.-S.D.); (C.-Y.C.)
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