Adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the vaccine hesitancy 5 point Likert Scale

Physiology quiz competition: the game of education or entertainment?

Questioning is an important activity in teaching. In medical colleges, on-stage quiz competitions are appreciated by students as well as faculty as they are an engaging way to connect with the discipline. We organized the Physiology Quiz Competition to assess the concepts of functional mechanisms of various organ systems. It was an academic tool for teaching and learning for 200 first-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) course students. It was conducted in four rounds: multiple choice question-based round 1 (R1), explanatory-type round 2 (R2), rapid-fire round 3 (R3), and image-based round 4 (R4). The postquiz feedback questionnaire included 23 total questions; 10 questions used a 5-point Likert scale, another 10 questions had dichotomous options, and the remaining 3 questions were used to collect general information about all rounds. Data were collected and analyzed. The outcome of academic learning was reported by 26% of students regarding R1, 30.5% regarding R2, 18.5% regarding R3, and 25% regarding R4 round. R4 and R3 were reported by 44.5% and 23% of students and R2 and R1 by 16% of students as a source of entertainment. A total of 67% of students found the quiz to be an excellent teaching and learning method. All students endorsed the quiz as innovative and interesting. In conclusion, the Physiology Quiz Competition can be used for edutainment as an innovative teaching and learning method, especially for first-year medical students.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The Physiology Quiz Competition is a method of teaching and learning that provides education with entertainment in a medical college. It increases students' interest in the subject of Physiology and helps them to understand and learn the subject effectively.

A cross-sectional study on the reasons for vaccine hesitancy in children under seven years of age in Isfahan, Iran

Introduction

The diminution in vaccination coverage in recent years has contributed to the reappearance of infectious diseases, and vaccine hesitancy is one of the main causes. As a result, we investigated the causes of vaccine hesitancy in children.

Materials and methods

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted cross-sectionally in 27 comprehensive health service centers in Isfahan City from June to October 2022. This study included Iranian families living in Isfahan who did not vaccinate their children by the due date. A researcher-made questionnaire collected data on children's vaccine hesitancy after verifying validity and reliability over the phone and in person by the researcher. The mothers completed informed consent. Independent T-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficient, analysis of variance, and a generalized linear model were used to analyze the data.

Findings

Finally, 298 families participated in the study, 34.3% refused, and 65.7% delayed their child's vaccination. Vaccination was hesitant due to the child being sick at the time of injection (57.3%), believing that vaccination is not necessary to prevent uncommon diseases (49%), and being concerned about severe side effects caused by the vaccine (48.7%). Vaccine hesitancy among mothers with bachelor's degrees and families less than one kilometer from the health center was significantly less than among others. Additionally, Vaccines at birth, four, six, twelve, and eighteen months, and six-year-old vaccines were associated with vaccine hesitancy.

Conclusion

Children's illness at the time of vaccination, the belief that vaccination is unnecessary to prevent uncommon diseases, and the worry about severe complications were among the most common reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Mother's education, distance to the health center, and vaccine type were associated with vaccine hesitancy.