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Alfahed A. Molecular pathology of colorectal cancer: The Saudi situation in perspective. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:836-847. [PMID: 37717975 PMCID: PMC10505285 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.9.20230257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and one of the most common causes of cancer deaths. In recent times, significant advancements have been made in elucidating the molecular alterations of the disease, and the results have been an improved understanding of CRC biology, as well as the discovery of biomarkers of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic significance. In this review, an evaluation is carried out of the molecular pathology research of CRC emanating from Saudi Arabia. The verdict is that the data on the molecular alterations in CRC from Saudi patients is at best modest. This dearth of molecular pathology data is aptly reflected in the paucity of molecular markers recommended for testing by the Saudi National Cancer Centre guidelines for CRC management. Large scale multi-institutional and multiregional translational studies are required to generate molecular data that would inform diagnostic, prognostic, and risk-stratification guidelines for Saudi CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz Alfahed
- From the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Ye L, Fan T, Qin Y, Qiu C, Li L, Dai M, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Jiang Y. MicroRNA-455-3p accelerate malignant progression of tumor by targeting H2AFZ in colorectal cancer. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:777-795. [PMID: 36482739 PMCID: PMC10026930 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2154549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) becomes the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in 2020. Emerging studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in tumorigenesis and progression. The dysfunctions of miR-455-3p are observed in many cancers. However, its biological function in CRC remains to be confirmed. By sequencing serum sample, miR-455-3p was found to be up-regulated in CRC patients. RT-qPCR demonstrated that the miR-455-3p expression was both higher in the serum and tumor tissues of CRC patients. Furthermore, it indicated that miR-455-3p had the ability in promoting cell proliferation, suppressing cell apoptosis, and stimulating cell migration. In vivo experiments also showed that miR-455-3p promoted tumor growth. Additionally, H2AFZ was proved as the direct gene target of miR-455-3p by dual-luciferase assay. Taken together, miR-455-3p functioned as a tumor promoter in CRC development by regulating H2AFZ directly. Thus, it has enormous potential as a biomarker in the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengmeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Xia C, Li Q, Cheng X, Wu T, Gao P, Gu Y. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2-stabilized long non-coding RNA Taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) promotes cisplatin-resistance of colorectal cancer via modulating autophagy. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2450-2469. [PMID: 35014946 PMCID: PMC8973703 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2012918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to influence the chemoresistance of colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, the study is designed to investigate the regulatory function and mechanism of Taurine up-regulated gene 1 (TUG1) in the cisplatin resistance of CRC. qRT-PCR checked the expressions of TUG1, Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2), and miR-195-5p in CRC tissues and cells. The TUG1 or miR-195-5p overexpression model was engineered in CRC cells, followed by treatment with DDP or the autophagy inhibitor (Chloroquine, CQ). CCK8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) and the colony formation experiment monitored cell proliferation. Flow cytometry examined apoptosis, Transwell tracked migration and invasion, and Western blot ascertained the protein profiles of autophagy proteins (LC3I/LC3II and Beclin1) and the HDGF/DDX5/β-catenin pathway. Dual-luciferase gene reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed the binding correlation between TUG1 and miR-195-5p and between miR-195-5p and HDGF. Furthermore, in-vivo experiments in nude mice probed the function and mechanism of IGF2BP2 in CRC cell growth. The profiles of TUG1 and IGF2BP2 were elevated in CRC tissues, and IGF2BP2 enhanced TUG1’s expression in CRC cells. TUG1 activated autophagy to facilitate CRC cells’ resistance to DDP. TUG1 targets miR-195-5p, and miR-195-5p targets HDGF. Overexpression of miR-195-5p abated the cancer-promoting function of TUG1 and curbed the profile of the HDGF/DDX5/β-catenin axis. TUG1 stabilized by IGF2BP2 boosted CRC cell proliferation, migration, migration, and autophagy via the miR-195-5p/HDGF/DDX5/β-catenin axis, hence enhancing CRC cell’s resistance to DDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuifeng Xia
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xianshuo Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pin Gao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Yunnan Cancer Hospital), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongfang Gu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, Yunnan, China
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