Regulatory Mechanism of MicroRNA-9 / Long Non-Coding RNA XIST Expression on Mouse Macrophage RAW264.7 Apoptosis Induced by Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein

Study on the Mechanism of Competing Endogenous Network of 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata- Radix Scutellariae' in the Treatment of NSCLC based on Bioinformatics, Molecular Dynamics and Experimental Verification

INTRODUCTION

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine, known for its multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics, offers a potential treatment approach for NSCLC.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the competitive endogenous network of 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata-Radix Scutellariae' in treating NSCLC through bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Various databases and ceRNA networks were utilized to collect and screen components and target genes, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the binding ability of ligand-receptor complexes. In vitro experiments were conducted to validate the effects of active ingredients of 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata- Radix Scutellariae' on non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549.

RESULTS

The key target proteins CCL2, EDN1, MMP9, PPARG, and SPP1 were docked well with their corresponding TCM ligands. Among the ligand-receptor complexes, MMP9-Luteolin and MMP9-Quercetin demonstrated the weaking binding force, while the SPP1-Quercetin complex, associated with NSCLC prognosis, exhibited stable structure formation through hydrogen bond interaction during MD simulation. In vitro experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of Quercetin on SPP1 expression, as well as the proliferation and migration of A549 cells.

CONCLUSION

The findings suggest that 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata-Radix Scutellariae' may potentially treat lung cancer by suppressing the expression of SPP1. This study provides valuable insights and novel research directions for understanding the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in combating lung cancer.

Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of taste papilla aging

Taste perception is one of the important senses in mammals. Taste dysfunction causes significant inconvenience in daily life, leading to subhealth and even life-threatening condition. Aging is a major cause to taste dysfunction, while the underlying feature related to gustatory aging is still not known. Using single-cell RNA Sequencing, differentially expressed genes between aged and young taste papillae are identified, including upregulated mt-Nd4l and Xist, as well as downregulated Hsp90ab1 and Tmem59. In the Tmem59-/- circumvallate papillae (CVP), taste mature cell generation is impaired by reduction in the numbers of PLCβ2+ and Car4+ cells, as well as decreases in expression levels of taste transduction genes. Tmem59-/- mice showed deficits in sensitivities to tastants. Through screening by GenAge and DisGeNET databases, aging-dependent genes and oral disease-associated genes are identified in taste papillae. In the CVP, aging promotes intercellular communication reciprocally between (cycling) basal cell and mature taste cell by upregulated Crlf1/Lifr and Adam15/Itga5 signaling. By transcriptional network analysis, ribosome proteins, Anxa1, Prdx5, and Hmgb1/2 are identified as transcriptional hubs in the aged taste papillae. Chronological aging-associated transcriptional changes throughout taste cell maturation are revealed. Aged taste papillae contain more Muc5b+ cells that are not localized in gustatory gland. Collectively, this study shows molecular and cellular features associated with taste papilla aging.

In vitro models and ex vivo systems used in inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal condition. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are types of inflammatory bowel disease. Over many decades, the disease has been a topic of study, with experts still trying to figure out its cause and pathology. Researchers have established many in vivo animal models, in vitro cell lines, and ex vivo systems to understand its cause ultimately and adequately identify a therapy. However, in vivo animal models cannot be regarded as good models for studying IBD since they cannot completely simulate the disease. Furthermore, because species differences are a crucial subject of concern, in vitro cell lines and ex vivo systems can be employed to recreate the condition properly. In vitro models serve as the starting point for biological and medical research. Ex vivo and in vitro models for replicating gut physiology have been developed. This review aims to present a clear understanding of several in vitro and ex vivo models of IBD and provide insights into their benefits and limits and their value in understanding intestinal physiology.