FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 5 (FXYD5) silencing promotes cell viability and alleviates inflammatory response in cerulein-induced AR42J cells by blocking JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway

FXYD5 regulates gastric cancer cell metastasis and drug resistance by EMT modulation

Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality and the fourth most prevalent malignancy globally. The high prevalence and mortality rates of GC are attributed to various factors, including drug resistance, local recurrence, and distant metastases. There is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets for GC. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) model offers unique advantages in maintaining the molecular heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment of primary tumors, offering significant advantages for the screening of personalized therapeutic targets. In this study, we established GC PDX models with metastatic potential through orthotopic transplantation and investigated the different gene expressions between primary and metastatic tumors using PCR-array analysis. We found that the metastatic tumors displayed elevated levels of FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 5 (FXYD5) compared to the primary tumors. Additionally, reducing FXYD5 expression was found to inhibit the invasion, metastasis, and proliferation of GC cells. Silencing FXYD5 also reversed the resistance of GC cells to doxorubicin and vincristine by modulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and the expression of multidrug resistance protein 2. This study indicates that FXYD5 is involved in GC progression and regulates chemotherapy resistance, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of GC.

Gastrodin protects retinal ganglion cells from ischemic injury by activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (PI3K/AKT/Nrf2) signaling pathway

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy and improper treatment may cause irreversible damage to visual function. Gastrodin is an effective active substance extracted from Gastrodia elata and possesses antioxidant as well as anti-inflammatory properties. However, the therapeutic potential of gastrodin for retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unclear. We adopted oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to induce R28 cells with the aim of simulating glaucomatous neurodegeneration. CCK-8 analysis and TUNEL were applied for examining cell proliferation and apoptosis . In addition, RT-qPCR and ELISA were performed to test the releases of inflammatory factors in cells . Related indicators of intracellular oxidative stress and ROS production were detected by corresponding kits. Moreover, western blot was applied to assay the expressions of PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway-related proteins. OGD/R induction contributed to the decreased cell viability and reduced Bcl-2 protein expression, while the protein contents of Bax, Cyto-C, c-caspase 9 and c-PARP as well as ROS production were ascended. The co-treatment of hypoxia and gastrodin greatly improved R28 cell viability but effectively suppressed cell apoptosis, ROS level and the releases of OGD/R-induced inflammatory factors as well as oxidative stress. In addition, OGD/R stimulation reduced Nrf2, accompanied by a decrease in the phosphorylation levels of PI3K and AKT. Gastrodin significantly promoted the activation of PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway in R28 cells, which was then counteracted by PI3K/AKT inhibitors. In conclusion, the present study suggested that gastrodin has a protective effect on OGD/R-induced R28 cell injury, which is achieved through the activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 signaling pathway.