Serum miR-497-5p serves as a diagnostic biomarker for acute coronary syndrome and predicts the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention

The characteristic expression of circulating MicroRNAs in osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

To evaluate the characteristics of the circulating microRNA expression profiles in patients with osteoporosis.

Methods

A systematic literature search was performed using the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and WANFANG databases from inception until 1 March 2024. The search strategy employed keywords, encompassing "osteoporosis", "bone loss", or "osteopenia" and "miRNA" or "microRNA". The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality assessment scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality. Heterogeneity tests and statistical analyses of all data were performed by Stata 16.0. The differences in microRNA levels between groups were illustrated by the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results

A total of 27 studies were included and analyzed in the meta-analysis, with 2,263 participants. The results showed that miR-21-5p (WMD 0.88, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.55), miR-125b-5p (WMD 6.63, 95% CI: 0.19 to 13.08), miR-483-5p(WMD 6.43, 95% CI: 3.26 to 9.61), miR-133a (WMD 1.43, 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.47), miR-422a (WMD 1, 95% CI: 0.28 to 1.72), and miR-214-3p (WMD 2.03, 95% CI: 0.14 to 3.92) were significantly upregulated, and miR-497-5p (WMD -0.57, 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.17) was significantly downregulated.

Conclusion

miR-21-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-483-5p, miR-133a, miR-497-5p, miR-422a, and miR-214-3p might serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers for osteoporosis. In the future, integrating these miRNAs to build a diagnostic model might be a promising diagnosis strategy for osteoporosis.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ , identifier CRD42023481209.

MiR-497-5p Ameliorates Deep Venous Thrombosis by Facilitating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Migration and Angiogenesis by Regulating LITAF

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a clinical manifestation of venous thromboembolism and a major global burden of cardiovascular disease. In recent years, the crucial role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cardiovascular disease has been confirmed. Here, we aimed to investigate the specific effect of miR-497-5p on DVT. The endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) were obtained from the bone marrow of newborn rats and transfected with miR-497-5p mimics or/and pcDNA3.1/lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF factor (LITAF). The proliferation and migration abilities of EPCs were detected using CCK-8 assay and transwell assay, respectively. Angiogenesis was evaluated using tube formation assay. The interaction of miR-497-5p and LITAF was confirmed by luciferase reporter experiment. DVT rat model in vivo was established by inferior vena cava (IVC) ligation in Sprague-Dawley rats. Histological analysis of IVC tissue was conducted by hematoxylin-eosin staining. We found that enhancing miR-497-5p expression facilitated the abilities of proliferation and migration of EPCs. Additionally, overexpression of miR-497-5p increased the capacity of EPCs to form capillary tubes on Matrigel. LITAF was found to be targeted by miR-497-5p and negatively regulated by miR-497-5p. Overexpression of LITAF counteracted the miR-497-5p overexpression's effect on the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis abilities of EPCs. Moreover, the injection of agomir-miR-497-5p alleviated thrombus formation, reduced thrombus weight, and reduced the serum level of D-dimer in DVT rat model by reducing LITAF expression. This study suggests that miR-497-5p alleviates DVT by facilitating EPCs proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis by targeting LITAF.

Impact of microRNAs on cardiovascular diseases and aging

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for both men and women among all ethnicities worldwide. Although significant improvements in the management of CVD occurred in the 20th century, non-invasive, universal, early diagnostic biomarkers and newer therapeutic drugs are needed for clinical treatment by physicians. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded, small RNA molecules that are critically controlled by all human biological processes. Moreover, dysregulated miRNA expression is directly involved in various CVDs, including stable coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome. Several miRNAs that are enriched in the plasma of CVD patients have potential as clinical biomarkers, and overexpression or inhibition of specific miRNAs has novel therapeutic significance in the management of CVD. Aging is a multifactorial physiological process that gradually deteriorates tissue and organ function and is considered a non-modifiable major risk factor for CVDs. Recently, several studies established that various miRNAs essentially regulate aging and aging-related disease processes. This narrative review briefly discusses the recently updated molecular involvement of miRNAs in CVDs, their possible diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value, and their relationship to the aging process.

miR-223-5p serves as a diagnostic biomarker for acute coronary syndrome and its predictive value for the clinical outcome after PCI

BACKGROUND

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a serious cardiovascular disease that severely affects the quality of life and longevity of patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the progression of ACS with significant clinical value. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical value of miR-223-5p in ACS and on the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODS

The plasma expression of miR-223-5p was detected by RT-qPCR. The correlation of miR-223-5p and cTnI or Gensini score was shown by the Pearson method. Risk factors for the development of ACS were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The efficacy of miR-223-5p in identifying patients with ACS was shown by ROC curve. The predictive value of miR-223-5p for MACE development in ACS patients within 6 months after PCI was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate Cox regression.

RESULTS

miR-223-5p levels were markedly elevated in ACS patients. miR-223-5p was found to be positively related to cTnI or Gensini score. miR-223-5p was a risk factor for ACS and significantly identified patients with ACS. MACE was more likely to occur after PCI in patients with high miR-223-5p levels, and miR-223-5p was an independent prognostic indicator of MACE.

CONCLUSIONS

miR-223-5p had diagnostic value for ACS and predicted MACE after PCI.

Differential expression of miR-140-3p and its potential role during the development of the acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a category of cardiovascular disease with a high fatality rate.

AIMS

We searched the differential expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in ACS based on bioinformatic analysis and investigated the diagnostic value of plasma miR-140-3p in patients with ACS and its potential functional role in ACS.

METHODS

The miRNAs (GSE94605, GSE49823, and GSE185729) microarray datasets of ACS were downloaded from the GEO datasets. After integrating the miRNA and mRNA interaction, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with 36 overlapped target mRNAs using STRING database. The plasma levels of miR-140-3p were detected by RT-qPCR, and its clinical diagnostic value was evaluated using the ROC curve. The potential effects of the miR-140-3p/RHOA axis in ACS were explored using human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs).

RESULTS

After overlapping the GEO datasets, miR-140-3p was identified in the microarray datasets of ACS. The plasma miR-140-3p expression levels were highly expressed in ACS patients than in healthy control and had diagnostic significance. The target mRNAs of miR-140-3p were predicted using TargetScan, miRWalk, TarBase, and miRDB databases. The PPI network identified ten hub genes. miR-140-3p could decrease the HCAECs' cell viability, while RHOA reversed the inhibition effect of miR-140-3p.

CONCLUSIONS

The plasma expression of miR-140-3p was upregulated in ACS patients. miR-140-3p could decrease the HCAECs' cell viability, while RHOA reversed the inhibition effect of miR-140-3p. The miR-140-3p may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for the early detection of ACS.

MiR-497-5p regulates ox-LDL-induced dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells by targeting VEGFA/p38/MAPK pathway in atherosclerosis

Background

The impairment of endothelial cells triggered by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) stands as a critical event in the advancement of atherosclerosis (AS). MiR-497-5p has been recognized as a potential predictor for AS, but its precise involvement in ox-LDL-induced endothelial cell dysfunction remains to be elucidated.

Methods

An in vitro AS cell model was established by exposing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to 100 μg/mL ox-LDL for 24 h. The assessment of endothelial cell function included evaluating cell viability, caspase-3 activity, inflammatory factors, and oxidative markers. Molecular mechanisms were elucidated through quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and luciferase reporter assays.

Results

Our investigation revealed that exposure to ox-LDL led to an upregulation in miR-497-5p and p-p38 levels, while downregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and phosphorylated (p)-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (p-eNOS) in HUVECs. Ox-LDL exposure resulted in decreased cell viability and angiogenic capacity, coupled with increased apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in HUVECs, partially mediated by the upregulation of miR-497-5p. We confirmed VEGFA as a direct target of miR-497-5p. Interfering with VEGFA expression significantly reversed the effects mediated by miR-497-5p silencing in HUVECs exposed to ox-LDL.

Conclusions

In summary, our findings demonstrate that miR-497-5p exacerbates ox-LDL-induced dysfunction in HUVECs through the activation of the p38/MAPK pathway, mediated by the targeting of VEGFA.

Serum circRNA (Circ)_0051386 assists in the diagnosis of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and prediction of the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events after percutaneous coronary intervention

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to uncover the diagnostic value of circRNA (Circ)_0051386 in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and its predictive value for the occurrence of adverse major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).

METHODS

This study included 166 patients with STEMI and 83 health donors. The expression levels of serum Circ_0051386 in these participants were quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Additionally, the incidence of MACEs during a 6-month follow-up period after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was collected in the STEMI patient cohort.

RESULTS

Before and after propensity score matching (PSM), Circ_0051386 all had higher expression levels in the patients with STEMI than the normal subjects (all p < .001)and robust diagnosis values for the STEMI (AUC = 0.766, 0.779). Kaplan-Meier curves showed the high expression Circ_0051386 group had a higher occurrence rate of MACEs during a 6-month follow-up after PCI in patients with STEMI and this phenomenon was confirmed by internal validation (all p < .05). In addition, the multivariate COX regression showed gensini score (HR = 1.020, 95% CI = 1.002 - 1.038, p = .028) and Circ_0051386 (HR = 2.468, 95% CI =1.548-3.935, p < .001)were independent risk factors of the occurrence of MACEs in patients with STEMI after PCI. Pearson analysis presented that Circ_0051386 was positively correlated with gensini scores (r = 0.33), IL-1β (r = 0.55)and TNF-α(r = 0.41).

CONCLUSION

Our study indicated that Circ_0051386 is a biomarker of the diagnostic for STEMI and the predictor of the MACEs in STEMI patients after PCI. Its potential role in STEMI may be the regulation of inflammation in the vascular endothelial.

Circulating mir-199-3p screens the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the complication of coronary heart disease and predicts the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events

BACKGROUND

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which causes an adverse prognosis. There is an urgent need to explore effective biomarkers to evaluate the patients' adverse outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to identify a novel indicator for screening T2DM and T2DM-CHD and predicting adverse prognosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study enrolled 52 healthy individuals, 85 T2DM patients, and 97 T2DM patients combined with CHD. Serum miR-199-3p levels in all study subjects were detected with PCR, and its diagnostic significance was evaluated by receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. The involvement of miR-199-3p in disease development was assessed by the Chi-square test, and the logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in T2DM-CHD patients.

RESULTS

Significant downregulation of miR-199-3p was observed in the serum of both T2DM and T2DM-CHD patients, which discriminated patients from healthy individuals and distinguished T2DM and T2DM-CHD patients. Reduced serum miR-199-3p was associated with the increasing blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) of T2DM patients and the increasing triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), fibrinogen, and total cholesterol (TC) and decreasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of T2DM-CHD patients. miR-199-3p was also identified as a biomarker predicting the occurrence of MACE.

CONCLUSION

Downregulated miR-199-3p could screen the onset of T2DM and its complication with CHD. Reduced serum miR-199-3p was associated with the severe development of T2DM and T2DM-CHD and predicted the adverse outcomes of T2DM-CHD patients.

The dysregulation of plasma miR-497/FGF23 axis, and its association with clinical characteristics and major adverse cardiovascular event in female premature acute coronary syndrome patients

AIM

MicroRNA-497 (miR-497) directly targets fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) to participate in the pathology of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) by regulating atherosclerosis, inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, etc. This study intended to investigate the dysregulation of the miR-497/FGF23 axis, and its association with the major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) in female premature ACS.

METHODS

MiR-497 and FGF23 from plasma samples were detected by RT-qPCR and ELISA in 979 newly diagnosed female premature ACS patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs). MACE was recorded during follow-up (median: 27.0, range: 1.0-54.0 months) in female premature ACS patients.

RESULTS

MiR-497/FGF23 axis was reduced in female premature ACS patients versus HCs [median (interquartile range): 0.7 (0.1-1.2) versus 1.9 (1.1-3.4)] (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, miR-497 negatively correlated with FGF23 in femal e premature ACS patients (P < 0.001), but not in HCs (P = 0.157). In female premature ACS patients, the miR-497/FGF23 axis was negatively associated with serum creatinine (P < 0.001), serum uric acid (P = 0.003), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), total cholesterol (P = 0.031), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.003). The 1-year, 2-year, 3-year, and 4-year accumulating MACE rate was 2.9%, 8.6%, 16.7%, and 26.0%, respectively. Interestingly, a high level of miR-497/FGF23 axis predicted decreased accumulating MACE risk (P < 0.001). After adjustment by multivariate Cox's regression analysis, the high miR-497/FGF23 axis (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.005, P = 0.001) independently correlated with reduced accumulating MACE risk.

CONCLUSION

The plasma miR-497/FGF23 axis represents favorable kidney function, decreased inflammation, and reduced lipid level; meanwhile, this axis possesses prognostic value in predicting decreased accumulating MACE risk in female premature ACS patients.

Circulating mir-483-5p as a novel diagnostic biomarker for acute coronary syndrome and its predictive value for the clinical outcome after PCI

BACKGROUND

MicroRNA (miRNA) plays a critical function in the progression of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and is associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This research was designed to probe the diagnostic accuracy of miR-483-5p in patients with ACS and its predictive value of MACEs.

METHODS

118 patients with ACS (40 with unstable angina pectoris [UAP] and 78 with acute myocardial infarction [AMI]) and 75 healthy controls were enrolled. Serum miR-483-5p was detected in the subjects by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). ROC curve and logistic regression models were employed to estimate the diagnosis. Patients were monitored for 6 months after PCI to document the occurrence of MACEs. Kaplan-Meier survival was conducted to explore the predictive significance of miR-483-5p for the MACEs.

RESULTS

Serum miR-483-5p levels were higher in ACS patients and associated with SYNTAX score and Gensini score. miR-483-5p was effective in identifying ACS patients from healthy individuals (AUC = 0.919) and AMI patients from ACS patients (AUC = 0.867), demonstrating a high diagnostic value, proven by logistic regression (OR = 9.664, 95%CI = 4.462-20.928, P < 0.001). The prevalence of MACEs during follow-up were 24.58%, and a higher prevalence of MACEs were observed in patients with elevated miR-483-5p (P = 0.01). miR-483-5p was also an effective predictor of MACE occurrence (HR = 5.955, 95%CI = 1.928-18.389, P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

Expression of serum miR-483-5p can be utilized as a non-invasive marker for diagnosing ACS and predicting the onset of MACE after PCI.