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Wang J, Cai J, Zhang Q, Wen J, Liao Y, Lu F. Fat transplantation induces dermal adipose regeneration and reverses skin fibrosis through dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of adipocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:499. [PMID: 36210466 PMCID: PMC9549649 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03127-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Localized scleroderma causes cosmetic disfigurement, joint contractures, and other functional impairment, but no currently available medications can reverse the resulting skin lesions. Fat grafting is beneficial for reversing skin fibrosis; however, the mechanism by which adipose tissue transplantation contributes to lesion improvement has not been fully clarified. The purpose of our study was to verify the therapeutic effect of fat grafts in reversing skin fibrosis. Methods Inguinal fat pads from AdipoqCreER+;mT/mG mice, which were treated with tamoxifen, were transplanted to the skin lesion in bleomycin-treated wild-type C57 mice. Tdtomato transgenic mice-derived adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), dedifferentiated adipocytes (DAs) were embedded in matrigel and transplanted beneath the skin lesion of bleomycin-treated wild-type C57 mice. A transwell co‐culture system was used to verify the effect of ASCs, adipocytes or DAs on scleroderma fibroblasts or monocytes. Results Adipocytes from the fat grafts could undergo dedifferentiation and redifferentiation for dermal adipose tissue re-accumulation within the skin lesion. Moreover, compared with ASCs and adipocytes, DAs show greater potency of inducing adipogenesis. ASCs and DAs showed comparable effect on inducing angiogenesis and suppressing macrophage infiltration in fibrotic skin. Co-culture assay showed that DAs and ASCs were able to reduce fibrosis-related genes in human scleroderma fibroblasts and drive M2 macrophage polarization. Conclusion Our results indicated that adipocytes would transform into a more functional and dedifferentiated state and reverse dermal fibrosis, by promoting dermal adipose tissue regeneration, improving angiogenesis, suppressing macrophage-mediated inflammation and myofibroblast accumulation.
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Spinella A, de Pinto M, Galluzzo C, Testoni S, Macripò P, Lumetti F, Parenti L, Magnani L, Sandri G, Bajocchi G, Starnoni M, De Santis G, Salvarani C, Giuggioli D. Photobiomodulation Therapy: A New Light in the Treatment of Systemic Sclerosis Skin Ulcers. Rheumatol Ther 2022; 9:891-905. [PMID: 35334095 PMCID: PMC9127012 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-022-00438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin ulcers (SU) represent one of the most frequent manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc), occurring in almost 50% of scleroderma patients. SSc-SU are often particularly difficult to treat with conventional systemic and local therapies. In this study, a preliminary evaluation of the role and effectiveness of blue light photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy with EmoLED® in the treatment of scleroderma skin ulcers (SSc-SU) was performed. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 12 consecutive SSc patients with a total of 15 SU on finger hands. All patients were treated with adequate systemic therapy and local treatment for SU; after a standard skin ulcer bed preparation with debridement of all lesions, EmoLED® was performed. All patients were locally treated every week during 2 months of follow-up; SU data were collected after 4 weeks (T4) and 8 weeks (T8). Eight SSc patients with comparable SU were also evaluated as controls. RESULTS The application of EmoLED® in addition to debridement apparently produced faster healing of SU. Complete healing of SU was recorded in 41.6% cases during EmoLED® treatment. Significant improvements in SU area, length, and width, wound bed, and related pain were observed in EmoLED® patients from T0 to T8. Control subjects treated with standard systemic/local therapies merely showed an amelioration of SU area and width at the end of the follow-up. No procedural or post-procedural adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS The positive clinical results and the absence of side effects suggest that EmoLED® could be a promising tool in the management of SSc-SU, with an interesting role to play in the healing process in addition to conventional systemic and local treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Spinella
- Scleroderma Unit, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco de Pinto
- Scleroderma Unit, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Galluzzo
- Scleroderma Unit, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Sofia Testoni
- Scleroderma Unit, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Pierluca Macripò
- Scleroderma Unit, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Lumetti
- Scleroderma Unit, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Parenti
- Scleroderma Unit, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Magnani
- Unit of Rheumatology, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Gilda Sandri
- Scleroderma Unit, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Marta Starnoni
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgio De Santis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Unit of Rheumatology, AUSL-IRCCS of Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Scleroderma Unit, Chair and Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico of Modena, Policlinico di Modena, Via del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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Starnoni M, Pappalardo M, Spinella A, Testoni S, Lattanzi M, Feminò R, De Santis G, Salvarani C, Giuggioli D. Systemic sclerosis cutaneous expression: Management of skin fibrosis and digital ulcers. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021; 71:102984. [PMID: 34840747 PMCID: PMC8606707 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease with cutaneous involvement. Clinical manifestations result from the balance of inflammations/autoimmunity process and fibrogenesis. Patients suffer from skin ulcers, non-ulcerative lesions including digital pitting scars, telangiectasias, subungual hyperkeratosis, abrasions, fissures, and subcutaneous calcinosis. A review about the pathophysiology of the disease, the physical examination of the patients, the instrumental assessment, and possible treatments is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Starnoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Pappalardo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Amelia Spinella
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Sofia Testoni
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Melba Lattanzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Raimondo Feminò
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Giorgio De Santis
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Department of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
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