The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Viburnum erosum (Adoxaceae)

Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae): inference for phylogenetic relationships among the closely related Sambucus adnata Wall. ex DC Sambucus javanica Blume

Sambucus L. is found in the family Viburnaceae (syn. Adoxaceae) and encompasses approximately 29 accepted species. The complex morphology of these species has caused continued confusion concerning their nomenclature, classification, and identification. Despite previous attempts to resolve taxonomic complexities in the Sambucus genus, there are still unclear phylogenetic relationships among several species. In this study, the newly obtained plastome of Sambucus williamsii Hance. as well as the populations of Sambucus canadensis L., Sambucus javanica Blume, and Sambucus adnata Wall. ex DC were sequenced, and their sizes, structural similarity, gene order, gene number, and guanine-cytosine (GC) contents were analyzed. The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the whole chloroplast genomes and protein-coding genes (PCGs). The findings revealed that the chloroplast genomes of Sambucus species exhibited typical quadripartite double-stranded DNA molecules. Their lengths ranged from 158,012 base pairs (bp) (S. javanica) to 158,716 bp (S. canadensis L). Each genome comprised a pair of inverted repeats (IRs), which separated the large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions. In addition, the plastomes contained 132 genes, encompassing 87 protein-coding, 37 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. In the simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis, A/T mononucleotides had the highest proportion, with the most repetitive sequences observed in S. williamsii. The comparative genome analyses showed high similarities in structure, order, and gene contents. The hypervariable regions in the studied chloroplast genomes were trnT-GGU, trnF-GAA, psaJ, trnL-UAG, ndhF, and ndhE, which may be used as candidate barcodes for species discrimination in Sambucus genus. Phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Sambucus and revealed the separation of S. javanica and S. adnata populations. Sambucus chinensis Lindl. was nested within S. javanica in the same clade, collaborating their conspecific treatment. These outcomes indicate that the chloroplast genome of Sambucus plants is a valuable genetic resource for resolving taxonomic discrepancies at the lower taxonomic levels and can be applied in molecular evolutionary studies.

Comparative chloroplast genome analysis of Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae): inference for phylogenetic relationships among the closely related Sambucus adnata Wall. ex DC Sambucus javanica Blume

Sambucus L. is found in the family Viburnaceae (syn. Adoxaceae) and encompasses approximately 29 accepted species. The complex morphology of these species has caused continued confusion concerning their nomenclature, classification, and identification. Despite previous attempts to resolve taxonomic complexities in the Sambucus genus, there are still unclear phylogenetic relationships among several species. In this study, the newly obtained plastome of Sambucus williamsii Hance. as well as the populations of Sambucus canadensis L., Sambucus javanica Blume, and Sambucus adnata Wall. ex DC were sequenced, and their sizes, structural similarity, gene order, gene number, and guanine–cytosine (GC) contents were analyzed. The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using the whole chloroplast genomes and protein-coding genes (PCGs). The findings revealed that the chloroplast genomes of Sambucus species exhibited typical quadripartite double-stranded DNA molecules. Their lengths ranged from 158,012 base pairs (bp) (S. javanica) to 158,716 bp (S. canadensis L). Each genome comprised a pair of inverted repeats (IRs), which separated the large single-copy (LSC) and small single-copy (SSC) regions. In addition, the plastomes contained 132 genes, encompassing 87 protein-coding, 37 tRNA, and four rRNA genes. In the simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis, A/T mononucleotides had the highest proportion, with the most repetitive sequences observed in S. williamsii. The comparative genome analyses showed high similarities in structure, order, and gene contents. The hypervariable regions in the studied chloroplast genomes were trnT-GGU, trnF-GAA, psaJ, trnL-UAG, ndhF, and ndhE, which may be used as candidate barcodes for species discrimination in Sambucus genus. Phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Sambucus and revealed the separation of S. javanica and S. adnata populations. Sambucus chinensis Lindl. was nested within S. javanica in the same clade, collaborating their conspecific treatment. These outcomes indicate that the chloroplast genome of Sambucus plants is a valuable genetic resource for resolving taxonomic discrepancies at the lower taxonomic levels and can be applied in molecular evolutionary studies.

Complete Genome Sequence of a Blochmannia Endosymbiont of Colobopsis nipponica

Blochmannia endosymbionts (Gammaproteobacteria) live in bacteriocytes, which are specialized cells found in the genus Camponotus and its neighbor genera. In this announcement, we describe the complete genome sequence of the Blochmannia endosymbiont of Colobopsis nipponica, which originated from a colony collected in the Republic of Korea.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Douinia plicata (Lindb.) Konstant. et. Vilnet (Scapaniaceae, Jungermanniales)

Douinia plicata (Lindb.) Konstant. & Vilnet is the endemic species in Northeast Asia. Here, we reported complete mitochondrial genome of D. plicata. It is 144,206 bp long and includes 72 genes (42 protein-coding genes, three rRNAs, and 27 tRNAs). The overall GC content is 45.1%. Intergeneic variations against S. amplicata, which is slightly higher than intraspecific variations of S. ampliata and W. denudata. Phylogenetic trees show D. plicatum is clustered with three Scapania mitochondrial genomes with high supportive values, which is congruent with previous studies.

The complete chloroplast genome of Viburnum dilatatum (Adoxaceae)

Viburnum dilatatum Thunb. is a large deciduous tree of Adoxaceae. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequence of V. dilatatum is 158,392 bp, consisting of a large single-copy (LSC) region with 87,070 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region with 18,242 bp , and two inverted repeat (IR) regions with 26,540 bp. The GC content in the chloroplast genome of C. julianae is 38.1%. The chloroplast genome of V. dilatatum contains 126 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic tree showed that V. dilatatum was clustered with V. utile.

Chloroplast phylogenomic analysis provides insights into the evolution of Paris liiana sp. nov

Paris liiana sp. nov is a species of flowering herb of the genus Paris and widely distributed in the southwest of China. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. liiana sp. nov to investigate its phylogenetic relationship in genus Paris. The cp genome of P. liiana sp. nov was 163,860 bp in length, containing a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,415 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 12,947 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) region of 33,249 bp. The overall GC content was 37.0%. The genome comprises of 135 genes, including 91 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic relationship analysis based on complete cp genome sequences exhibited that P. liiana sp. nov was most related to P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.

The first complete chloroplast genome sequence of Paris polyphylla var. emeiensis, a rare and endangered species

Paris polyphylla var. emeiensis H. X. Yin, H. Zhang & D. Xue is a member of the genus Paris endemic to southwest of China. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. polyphylla var. emeiensis was 164,854 bp in length with 36.96% overall GC content, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 84,438 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 12,892 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 33,762 bp. There were 135 genes in total, including 89 protein-coding genes, 38 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated P. polyphylla var. emeiensis was closely related to P. fargesii and P. cronquistii.

The Complete Chloroplast Genome of Arabidopsis thaliana Isolated in Korea (Brassicaceae): An Investigation of Intraspecific Variations of the Chloroplast Genome of Korean A. thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. is a model organism of plant molecular biology. More than 1,700 whole genome sequences have been sequenced, but no Korean isolate genomes have been sequenced thus far despite the fact that many A. thaliana isolated in Japan and China have been sequenced. To understand the genetic background of Korean natural A. thaliana (named as 180404IB4), we presented its complete chloroplast genome, which is 154,464 bp long and has four subregions: 85,164 bp of large single copy (LSC) and 17,781 bp of small single copy (SSC) regions are separated by 26,257 bp of inverted repeat (IRs) regions including 130 genes (85 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). Fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 14 insertion and deletions (INDELs) are identified between 180404IB4 and Col0. In addition, 101 SSRs and 42 extendedSSRs were identified on the Korean A. thaliana chloroplast genome, indicating a similar number of SSRs on the rest five chloroplast genomes with a preference of sequence variations toward the SSR region. A nucleotide diversity analysis revealed two highly variable regions on A. thaliana chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic trees with three more chloroplast genomes of East Asian natural isolates show that Korean and Chinese natural isolates are clustered together, whereas two Japanese isolates are not clustered, suggesting the need for additional investigations of the chloroplast genomes of East Asian isolates.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Salvia tiliifolia Vahl (Lamiaceae)

Salvia tiliifolia Vahl is native to Central America and considered as an invasive plant in Mexico, the United States, Ethiopia, South Africa, and Australia. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. tiliifolia was 150,836 bp in length, which contained a large single-copy (LSC) region of 82,129 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 17,533 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) region of 25,587 bp each. The genome harbored 130 genes, including 85 protein coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 ribosomal RNA genes. The overall GC content was 37.99%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. tiliifolia is closely related to the species of Salvia chanryoenica.

The second complete chloroplast genome sequence of the Viburnum erosum (Adoxaceae) showed a low level of intra-species variations

We presented the second complete chloroplast genome of the plant. The length of chloroplast genome is 158,587 bp, consisting of four subregions: 87,050 bp of LSC and 18,503 bp of SSC regions separated by a pair of 26,517 bp IR regions. It includes 129 genes (84 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). A low-level of molecular variation within Viburnum erosum was found with 16 SNPs and 49 indels. The phylogenetic tree shows that the two accessions of V. erosum are clustered with Viburnum japonicum with no resolution between the species, suggesting that chloroplast genome in these species evolve slowly.