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Ferrari A, Spiga M, Rodriguez MD, Fiorentino F, Gil-Herrera J, Hernandez P, Hidalgo M, Johnstone C, Khemiri S, Mokhtar-Jamaï K, Nadal I, Pérez M, Sammartino S, Vasconcellos M, Cariani A. Matching an Old Marine Paradigm: Limitless Connectivity in a Deep-Water Fish over a Large Distance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2691. [PMID: 37684955 PMCID: PMC10486518 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigations of population structuring in wild species are fundamental to complete the bigger picture defining their ecological and biological roles in the marine realm, to estimate their recovery capacity triggered by human disturbance and implement more efficient management strategies for fishery resources. The Blackspot Seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo, Brünnich 1768) is a commercially valuable deep-water fish highly exploited over past decades. Considering its exploitation status, deepening the knowledge of intraspecific variability, genetic diversity, and differentiation using high-performing molecular markers is considered an important step for a more effective stock assessment and fishery management. With one of the largest efforts conceived of and completed by countries overlooking the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts in recent years, a total of 320 individuals were collected from different fishing grounds in the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean and analysed using 29 microsatellite loci. We applied multiple statistical approaches to investigate the species' connectivity and population structure across most of its described distribution area. Considering the incomplete knowledge regarding the migratory behaviour of adults, here we suggest the importance of egg and larval dispersal in sustaining the observed genetic connectivity on such a large geographical scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Ferrari
- Department of Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Martina Spiga
- Department of Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Fabio Fiorentino
- Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), 91026 Trapani, Italy;
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dorhn, 90149 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Pilar Hernandez
- Technical Unit for Western Mediterranean, General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM), Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 29014 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Manuel Hidalgo
- Oceanographic Center of the Balearic Islands, Ecosystem Oceanography Group (GRECO), Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO, CSIC), 07015 Palma, Spain;
| | - Carolina Johnstone
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO, CSIC), 29640 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.); (C.J.)
| | - Sana Khemiri
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, Salammbô 2025, Tunisia;
| | - Kenza Mokhtar-Jamaï
- Laboratoire de Génétique des Populations Halieutiques, Institut National de Recherche Halieutique (INRH), Centre Régional d’Agadir, Agadir 80000, Morocco;
| | - Irene Nadal
- Physical Oceanography Group, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Montse Pérez
- AquaCOV, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo (IEO, CSIC), 36390 Pontevedra, Spain;
| | - Simone Sammartino
- Physical Oceanography Group, Instituto de Ingeniería Oceánica (IIO), Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Marcelo Vasconcellos
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Division, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 00153 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessia Cariani
- Department of Biological, Geological & Environmental Sciences (BiGeA), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.S.); (A.C.)
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Chandran R, Singh A, Singh RK, Mandal S, Ganesan K, Sah P, Paul P, Pathak A, Dutta N, Sah R, Lal KK, Mohindra V. Phenotypic variation of Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) from Indian rivers using truss network and geometric morphometrics. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13290. [PMID: 35462771 PMCID: PMC9022642 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) is an economically important food fish species occurring throughout Indian rivers, which also has ornamental value. This study focuses on morphological variations in C. chitala from seven river basins across India namely; Son, Tons, Ken, Brahmaputra, Ganga, Gomti and Gandak. A truss network was constructed by interconnecting nine landmarks to generate 36 morphometric variables extracted from digital images of specimens sampled from the study locations. Transformed truss measurements were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant function analysis (CDFA) and discriminant analyses of principal components (DAPC). DAPC function coefficients performed much better in capturing the variation pattern and discrimination between the rivers which was not achieved using CDFA. Eight truss variables were identified with significant and highest loading for truss variables on principal components and coefficients on discriminant function from DAPC contributing to maximum variation between the rivers. Performance graph and functional distribution of identified truss variables clearly indicated distinction between the rivers. Thin plate spline analysis and procrustes shape analysis further showed the variation in morphology between specimens across the rivers. The significant parameters differentiating specimens from different rivers were linked to dorsal fin origin, the base of the pectoral fin and the perpendicular point on the anal fin from the dorsal fin origin. Variation in the hydrodynamics of the rivers studied might be possibly affecting the fin kinematics and consequently leading to adaption seen as phenotypic variation in C. chitala. The results showcased in the present study shall help in better understanding of intra-specific diversity which is significant for management and conservation of a species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rejani Chandran
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Achal Singh
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeev K. Singh
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sangeeta Mandal
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kantharajan Ganesan
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Sah
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradipta Paul
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,Department of Fisheries, Bankura, West Bengal, India
| | - Abhinav Pathak
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,Molecular Biological Sciences, Farelabs Private Limited, Gurugram, India
| | - Nimisha Dutta
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,Molecular Biological Sciences, Farelabs Private Limited, Gurugram, India
| | - Ramashankar Sah
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuldeep K. Lal
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vindhya Mohindra
- Fish Conservation Division, National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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