Spectroscopic, DFT analysis, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies of three gold(III) complexes

Catalyzed syntheses of novel series of spiro thiazolidinone derivatives with nano Fe2O3: spectroscopic, X-ray, Hirshfeld surface, DFT, biological and docking evaluations

Twelve spiro thiazolidinone compounds (A-L) were synthesized via either conventional thermal or ultrasonication techniques using Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The modification of the traditional procedure by using Fe2O3 nanoparticles led to enhancement of the yield of the desired candidates to 78-93% in approximately half reaction time compared with 58-79% without catalyst. The products were fully characterized using different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The structure of the two derivatives 4-phenyl-1-thia-4-azaspirodecan-3-one (A) and 4-(p-tolyl)-1-thia-4-azaspirodecan-3-one (B) were also determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The two compounds (A and B) were crystallized in the orthorhombic system with Pbca and P212121 space groups, respectively. In addition, the crystal packing of compounds revealed the formation of supramolecular array with a net of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions. The energy optimized geometries of some selected derivatives were performed by density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP). The reactivity descriptors were also calculated and correlated with their biological properties. All the reported compounds were screened for antimicrobial inhibitions. The two derivatives, F and J, exhibited the highest levels of bacterial inhibition with an inhibition zone of 10-17 mm. Also, the two derivatives, F and J, displayed the most potent fungal inhibition with an inhibition zone of 15-23 mm. Molecular docking investigations of some selected derivatives were performed using a B-DNA (PDB: 1BNA) as a macromolecular target. Structure and activity relationship of the reported compounds were correlated with the data of antimicrobial activities and the computed reactivity parameters.

[AuIII(N^N)Br2](PF6): A Class of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Complexes (N^N = 2,2'-Bipyridine and 1,10-Phenanthroline Derivatives)

A series of new complexes of general formula [Au^III(N^N)Br₂](PF₆) (N^N = 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives) were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic, electrochemical, and diffractometric techniques and tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus intermedius, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), showing promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties.

Molecular Design, Spectroscopic, DFT, Pharmacological, and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel Ruthenium(III)-Schiff Base Complex: An Inhibitor of Progression in HepG2 Cells

A novel ruthenium(III)-pyrimidine Schiff base was synthesized and characterized using different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Molecular geometries of the ligand and ruthenium complex were investigated using the DFT-B3LYP level of theory. The quantum global reactivity descriptors were also calculated. Various biological and molecular docking studies of the complex are reported to explore its potential application as a therapeutic drug. Cytotoxicity of the complex was screened against cancer colorectal (HCT116), breast (MCF-7 and T47D), and hepatocellular (HepG2) cell lines as well as a human normal cell line (HSF). The complex effectively inhibited the tested cancer cells with variable degree with higher activity towards HepG2 (IC₅₀ values were 29 μM for HepG2, 38.5 μM for T47D, 39.7 μM for HCT, and 46.7 μM for MCF-7 cells). The complex induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the S phase of HepG2 cells. The complex significantly induced the expression of H2AX and caspase 3 and caspase 7 gene and the protein level of caspase 3, as well as inhibited VEGF-A and mTOR/AKT, SND1, and NF-kB gene expression. The molecular docking studies supported the increased total apoptosis of treated HepG2 cells due to strong interaction of the complex with DNA. Additionally, the possible binding interaction of the complex with caspase 3 could be responsible for the elevated activity of caspase 3-treated cells. The score values for the two receptors were -3.25 and -3.91 kcal/mol.