Validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the tolerance for mental pain scale-10

Psychache status and associated contributing factors among the Hakka elderly in Fujian, China

BACKGROUND

Little is known about the state of psychological distress of the elderly in China, and research on specific subgroups such as Hakka older adults is almost lacking. This study investigates psychache and associated factors among Hakka elderly in Fujian, China.

METHODS

The data analysed in this study were derived from China's Health-Related Quality of Life Survey for Older Adults 2018. The Chinese version of the Psychache Scale (PAS) was used to assess the frequency and intensity of psychache in Hakka older adults. Generalized linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the main socio-demographic factors associated with psychache overall and its frequency and intensity.

RESULTS

A total of 1,262 older adults participated, with mean scores of 18.27 ± 6.88 for total PAS, 12.50 ± 4.79 for PAS-Frequency and 5.77 ± 2.34 for PAS-Intensity. On average, females scored higher than males on PAS-Frequency (β = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.34, 1.35) and PAS-Intensity (β = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.22, 0.73). Older adults currently living in towns (β = -2.18, 95% CI = -2.81, -1.54), with their spouse only (β = -3.71, 95% CI = -4.77, -2.65), or with children (β = -3.24, 95% CI = -4.26, -2.22) were more likely to score lower on PAS-Frequency. Conversely, older adults who were regular sleepers (β = -1.19, 95% CI =-1.49, -0.88) or lived with their spouse only (β = -1.25, 95% CI = -1.78, -0.72) were more likely to score lower on PAS-Intensity.

CONCLUSION

Among Hakka elderly, we found a higher frequency and greater intensity of psychache in females, those with poor health status, irregular sleepers, rural residents, solo dwellers, those with below CNY 10,000 in personal savings, and the medically uninsured. The study's findings indicate that policymakers should give more attention to the susceptible population and implement practical interventions to reduce their psychological burden.

Associations Between the Suicidal Ideation and the Tolerance for Psychological Pain and Tolerance for Physical Pain in Patients Diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder

Purpose

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) may experience more frequent and severe psychological and physical pain complaints compared to those without depression. As the tolerance to psychological pain decreases in patients with MDD, the severity of suicidal ideation tends to increase. Furthermore, the tolerance for physical pain (TPP) has been related with suicidal behavior. We aimed to demonstrate the impact of TPP on suicidal ideation in patients with MDD in the presence of psychological pain.

Patients and Methods

We included 123 patients with MDD and 114 healthy volunteers who had no previous psychiatric diagnosis. Sociodemographic data form, Psychache Scale (PS) and Tolerance for Mental Pain Scale (TMPS) were used to assess psychological pain. Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSIS) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered to participants. To assess the TPP, we used a device based on the principle of electronic dynamometry.

Results

The mean BDI, BSIS, PS, and TPP scores in the MDD group were higher, and the mean TMPS score was lower than those in the control group (p < 0.001 for each, p = 0.03 for TPP). We found statistically significant correlations between BDI, TMPS, BSIS, PS, and TPP scores (p < 0.05 for each). TPP was a partial mediator in the relationship between TMPS and BSIS scores (β = -1.814; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

We found that tolerance of psychological pain was a strong predictor of suicidal ideation, and TPP was mediating this relationship. These findings suggest that considering both tolerance to psychological pain and TPP may be beneficial when assessing the risk of suicide in individuals with MDD.

The relationship of coping skills with psychache in patients with depressive disorder

Suicide is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Psychache (psychological pain) and diminished tolerance of psychaches are important risk factors for suicide. People experiencing psychaches of similar severity may not demonstrate the same levels of tolerance because of various coping skills. This study aimed to determine the relationship between psychache, tolerance for psychache, and coping skills in individuals with depression and healthy controls. We included 73 patients with depressive disorders without comorbid mental disorders and 65 healthy controls. We applied beck depression inventory, beck hopelessness scale, beck suicidal ideation scale, psychache scale, tolerance for mental pain scale (TMPS), and coping attitudes evaluation scale (COPE) to all participants. People with depression had significantly higher COPE dysfunction scores than those in the control group did. Patients who had previously attempted suicide attempt(s) previously had significantly higher beck hopelessness scale, beck depression inventory, COPE dysfunction, and psychache scale scores, and lower TMPS-10 scores than those who did not attempt suicide. Mediation analyses revealed that dysfunctional coping skills played a partial mediating role in the relationship between psychache and the TMPS. The study revealed that dysfunctional coping skills were related to suicidal ideation and previous suicide attempts. These findings suggest that improving coping skills could help reduce the severity of suicidal ideation.

The mediating role of tolerance for psychological pain in the relationship of childhood trauma to suicidal ideation in individuals with a substance use disorder

OBJECTIVES

The association between childhood trauma and suicidal ideation has been well documented in several populations, including individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD). However, a gap still exists in the literature regarding the mechanisms by which childhood trauma later impacts suicide risk. This cross-sectional study tested the effect of childhood trauma on suicidal ideation, as well as the mediating effect of tolerance for psychological pain (managing the pain and enduring the pain) in that relationship, controlling for the effect of depressive symptoms, in individuals with a SUD.

METHODS

A sample of 102 adults with a SUD participated in the study. Path analysis by structural equation␣modelling tested a mediation model.

RESULTS

Depressive symptoms and lower levels of managing the pain were found to fully mediate the association between childhood trauma and suicidal ideation.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results suggest that depressive symptoms and a lack of ability to manage psychological pain contribute towards explaining why traumatic childhood experiences may result in suicidal cognitions in individuals with SUDs. Moreover, they have relevant implications for prevention and clinical interventions regarding suicidal ideation in this population.

PRACTITIONER POINTS

Childhood trauma relates to suicidal ideation in individuals with a substance use disorder. Depressive symptoms contribute towards explaining why traumatic childhood experiences may result in suicidal cognitions. A lack of ability to manage psychological pain also contributes towards explaining this relationship. The obtained results have relevant implications for the prevention of and clinical intervention for suicidal ideation in SUD individuals.