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Shinsato RN, Correa CG, Herai RH. Genetic network analysis indicate that individuals affected by neurodevelopmental conditions have genetic variations associated with ophthalmologic alterations: A critical review of literature. Gene 2024; 908:148246. [PMID: 38325665 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the nervous system are related to a wide range of mental disorders, which include neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) that are characterized by early onset mental conditions, such as schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorders and correlated conditions (ASD). Previous studies have shown distinct genetic components associated with diverse schizophrenia and ASD phenotypes, with mostly focused on rescuing neural phenotypes and brain activity, but alterations related to vision are overlooked. Thus, as the vision is composed by the eyes that itself represents a part of the brain, with the retina being formed by neurons and cells originating from the glia, genetic variations affecting the brain can also affect the vision. Here, we performed a critical systematic literature review to screen for all genetic variations in individuals presenting NDD with reported alterations in vision. Using these restricting criteria, we found 20 genes with distinct types of genetic variations, inherited or de novo, that includes SNP, SNV, deletion, insertion, duplication or indel. The variations occurring within protein coding regions have different impact on protein formation, such as missense, nonsense or frameshift. Moreover, a molecular analysis of the 20 genes found revealed that 17 shared a common protein-protein or genetic interaction network. Moreover, gene expression analysis in samples from the brain and other tissues indicates that 18 of the genes found are highly expressed in the brain and retina, indicating their potential role in adult vision phenotype. Finally, we only found 3 genes from our study described in standard public databanks of ophthalmogenetics, suggesting that the other 17 genes could be novel target for vision diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogério N Shinsato
- Unisalesiano, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Neurogenetics (LaBiN/LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil.
| | - Camila Graczyk Correa
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Neurogenetics (LaBiN/LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Roberto H Herai
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Neurogenetics (LaBiN/LEM), Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil; Research Division, Buko Kaesemodel Institute (IBK), Curitiba, Paraná 80240-000, Brazil; Research Division, 9p Brazil Association (A9pB), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul 97060-580, Brazil.
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Manso-Bazús C, Spataro N, Gabau E, Beltrán-Salazar VP, Trujillo-Quintero JP, Capdevila N, Brunet-Vega A, Baena N, Jeyaprakash AA, Martinez-Glez V, Ruiz A. Case report: Identification of a novel variant p.Gly215Arg in the CHN1 gene causing Moebius syndrome. Front Genet 2024; 15:1291063. [PMID: 38356699 PMCID: PMC10865368 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1291063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Moebius Syndrome (MBS) is a rare congenital neurological disorder characterized by paralysis of facial nerves, impairment of ocular abduction and other variable abnormalities. MBS has been attributed to both environmental and genetic factors as potential causes. Until now only two genes, PLXND1 and REV3L have been identified to cause MBS. Results: We present a 9-year-old male clinically diagnosed with MBS, presenting facial palsy, altered ocular mobility, microglossia, dental anomalies and congenital torticollis. Radiologically, he lacks both abducens nerves and shows altered symmetry of both facial and vestibulocochlear nerves. Whole-exome sequence identified a de novo missense variant c.643G>A; p.Gly215Arg in CHN1, encoding the α2-chimaerin protein. The p.Gly215Arg variant is located in the C1 domain of CHN1 where other pathogenic gain of function variants have been reported. Bioinformatic analysis and molecular structural modelling predict a deleterious effect of the missense variant on the protein function. Conclusion: Our findings support that pathogenic variants in the CHN1 gene may be responsible for different cranial congenital dysinnervation syndromes, including Moebius and Duane retraction syndromes. We propose to include CHN1 in the genetic diagnoses of MBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Manso-Bazús
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Nino Spataro
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Gabau
- Paediatric Service, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Viviana P. Beltrán-Salazar
- Radiology Service, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’investigación i innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Trujillo-Quintero
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Nuria Capdevila
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Anna Brunet-Vega
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Neus Baena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - A Arockia Jeyaprakash
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Gene Centre and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilian Universität, München, Germany
| | - Victor Martinez-Glez
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Anna Ruiz
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d’Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
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Congenital Fibrosis of the Extraocular Muscles: An Overview from Genetics to Management. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9111605. [DOI: 10.3390/children9111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) is a genetic disorder belonging to the congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders and is characterized by nonprogressive restrictive ophthalmoplegia. It is phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous. At least seven causative genes and one locus are responsible for the five subtypes, named CFEOM-1 to CFEOM-5. This review summarizes the currently available molecular genetic findings and genotype–phenotype correlations, as well as the advances in the management of CFEOM. We propose that the classification of the disorder could be optimized to provide better guidance for clinical interventions. Finally, we discuss the future of genetic-diagnosis-directed studies to better understand such axon guidance disorders.
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Yang M, Fu L, Yan J. Clinical Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes of Patients with Congenital Fibrosis of the Superior Rectus Muscle. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:1079-1088. [PMID: 35284981 PMCID: PMC9114248 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00495-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Congenital fibrosis of superior rectus muscle (CFSRM) is extremely rare and a difficult condition to manage surgically. The purpose of this report is to summarize the clinical characteristics of patients with CFSRM and analyze the effects of its surgical management. Methods Records of nine CFSRM patients were retrospectively reviewed and their clinical features including age, gender, visual acuity, refraction, ocular alignment, ocular motility, surgical method employed and final outcomes were analyzed. Results All cases were monocular. There were four cases (44.4%) coexistent with fibrosis of the levator palpebrae muscle and three (33.3%) with fibrosis of the superior oblique muscle. Eight cases (88.9%) presented with hypertropia, and one case showed mild hypotropia. Horizontal deviation was presented in six cases (66.7%). Surgical approaches included either superior rectus recession/tenotomy with or without traction suture; superior rectus recession and inferior rectus resection; or adhesion separation of superior rectus and levator palpebrae muscles. Excellent surgical outcomes were obtained in five cases (55.6%), good in two (22.2%), and poor outcomes were reported for two cases (22.2%). One patient (11.1%) underwent a second surgery. Conclusion CFSRM was found to be mainly unilaterally infected, mostly manifesting as hypertropia, and was often associated with fibrosis of the levator palpebrae or superior oblique muscle. Weakening procedures of the superior rectus muscle were the preferred surgical technique. However, success rates were relatively low for CFSRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Department of Strabismus and Amblyopia, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54 Xianlie Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Strabismus and Amblyopia, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Licheng Fu
- Department of Strabismus and Amblyopia, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54 Xianlie Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Yan
- Department of Strabismus and Amblyopia, The State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54 Xianlie Nan Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Imaging of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders: What radiologist wants to know? Clin Imaging 2020; 71:106-116. [PMID: 33189029 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We aim to review the imaging features of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders. Characteristic imaging findings can define subtypes of these disorders through assessment of cranial nerves, extraocular muscles, orbital, and brain abnormalities. Duane retraction syndrome shows absent or hypoplasic 6th cranial nerve and preserved extraocular muscles (EOM). Mobius syndrome shows absent 7th and 6th cranial nerves, absence of facial colliculus, flattening of the dorsal aspect of the pons, hypoplasia of the pons and medulla, and flattening of the 4th ventricular floor. Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles reveals unilateral or bilateral hypoplasia or aplasia of the 3rd cranial nerve, atrophy of superior rectus and levator palpebrae superioris muscles, and atrophy of the brainstem and cerebellar hemispheres. Horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis show characteristic split pons sign, butterfly medulla, absent facial colliculi, and spinal scoliosis. HOXA1 Mutations show a bilateral absence of 6th cranial nerves with the underdeveloped inner ear. Pontine Cap Tegmental Dysplasia shows ventral pontine hypoplasia, dorsal tegmental projection into the 4th ventricle, and variable cranial nerve deficits.
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Price JM, Boparai RS, Wasserman BN. Congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2019; 30:314-318. [DOI: 10.1097/icu.0000000000000592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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