1
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Palumbo M, Palumbo S. Emotional dyscontrol in multiple sclerosis: an opinion article. Front Behav Neurosci 2024; 18:1376021. [PMID: 38660389 PMCID: PMC11039785 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1376021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Palumbo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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2
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Suárez Bagnasco M, Paz EFV, Jerez J, Gonzalez A. Association between intelligence quotient scores and body mass index in pediatric multiple sclerosis. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. CHILD 2023; 12:227-234. [PMID: 35705260 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2022.2082874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and intelligence quotient scores (IQ). The sample included 11 patients with pediatric multiple sclerosis between 8 and 17 years, mean age 14.45 years (SD = 2.69). The BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children V and the Abbreviated Weschler Intelligence Scale were used to measure total IQ. Average sample BMI and IQ were 24.61 (SD = 5.53) (range: 19-39.4) and 86.63 (SD = 14.79) (range: 66-111), respectively. Results of the Pearson correlation indicated that there was a significant negative association between BMI and IQ, (r = -0.608, p = 0.042). R-squared was 0.370. We discuss if lower IQ lead to BMI gains or whether overweight/obesity lead to intellectual functioning changes. Implication for practice and future research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Suárez Bagnasco
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Catholic University of Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Javier Jerez
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Gonzalez
- Department of Child Neurology, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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3
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Teleanu RI, Niculescu AG, Vladacenco OA, Roza E, Perjoc RS, Teleanu DM. The State of the Art of Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098251. [PMID: 37175954 PMCID: PMC10179691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) represents a chronic immune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system that generally debuts around the age of 20-30 years. Still, in recent years, MS has been increasingly recognized among the pediatric population, being characterized by several peculiar features compared to adult-onset disease. Unfortunately, the etiology and disease mechanisms are poorly understood, rendering the already limited MS treatment options with uncertain efficacy and safety in pediatric patients. Thus, this review aims to shed some light on the progress in MS therapeutic strategies specifically addressed to children and adolescents. In this regard, the present paper briefly discusses the etiology, risk factors, comorbidities, and diagnosis possibilities for pediatric-onset MS (POMS), further moving to a detailed presentation of current treatment strategies, recent clinical trials, and emerging alternatives. Particularly, promising care solutions are indicated, including new treatment formulations, stem cell therapies, and cognitive training methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Ioana Teleanu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, "Dr. Victor Gomoiu" Children's Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest-ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Aurelia Vladacenco
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, "Dr. Victor Gomoiu" Children's Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Roza
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, "Dr. Victor Gomoiu" Children's Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu-Stefan Perjoc
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, "Dr. Victor Gomoiu" Children's Hospital, 022102 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Mihai Teleanu
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency University Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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4
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Argento O, Piacentini C, Bossa M, Nocentini U. Emotional Recognition and Its Relation to Cognition, Mood and Fatigue in Relapsing-Remitting and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16408. [PMID: 36554293 PMCID: PMC9778255 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Emotional recognition (ER), the ability to read into others' minds and recognize others' emotional states, is important in social environment adaptation. Recently it has been found that ER difficulties affect patients with multiple sclerosis (pMS) and relate to different gray matter atrophy patterns from secondary progressive (SP-pMS) and relapsing-remitting (RR-pMS). The aim of this study was to compare the performances of the two MS phenotypes on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (RMEt) and other cognitive, mood and fatigue measures. We also examined associations between performance on the RMEt and cognitive, mood and fatigue variables. (2) Methods: A total of 43 pMS (27RR-pMS/16SP-pMS) underwent a clinical assessment, the RMEt, the cognitive battery, and completed mood and fatigue questionnaires. Both groups' performances on the RMEt were then correlated with all these measures. (3) Results: the RMEt scores of RR-pMS were significantly correlated with the impairment degree in some cognitive scores. SP-pMS scores correlated mainly with fatigue, anxiety, anger and depression. (4) Conclusions: ER performances relate to cognitive aspects in RR-pMS, whereas mainly to mood outcomes in the SP-pMS group. We can hypothesize that deficits in ER are a further sign of disease progression. Our data support the different roles of cognitive and emotional deficits related to different disease courses and lesional correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Argento
- Behavioral Neuropsychology Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. “Santa Lucia” Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Piacentini
- Behavioral Neuropsychology Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. “Santa Lucia” Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Bossa
- Behavioral Neuropsychology Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. “Santa Lucia” Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Ugo Nocentini
- Behavioral Neuropsychology Laboratory, I.R.C.C.S. “Santa Lucia” Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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5
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Lysenko ES, Bogdanova MD, Arsalidou M. Quantitative Meta-analyses of Cognitive Abilities in Children With Pediatric-onset Multiple Sclerosis. Neuropsychol Rev 2022; 33:459-473. [PMID: 35802297 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-022-09546-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), is the manifestation of multiple sclerosis in individuals before 18 years of age. About a third of children with POMS show some form of lower cognitive performance. The purpose of this study is to examine using quantitative meta-analyses the effect size of altered performance between children with and without POMS on overall intelligence quotient (IQ), information processing speed, and language functions. We searched the literature for studies that reported scores on cognitive tests administered to children with and without POMS. Studies were systematically reviewed using PRISMA guidelines. We analyzed data from 14 studies that examined 1283 children with and without POMS when cognitive categories consisted of five or more studies. Effect sizes, publication bias and potential confounds were considered. Significant cognitive differences are revealed for all categories with the strongest effect observed for overall IQ. A moderate effect is observed for information processing speed, and small effects for verbal fluency and verbal memory. Cognitive abilities present differently in children with POMS and a better understanding of this manifestation will inform intervention and remediation tools that can improve clinical and educational practice for the benefit of children with POMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena S Lysenko
- Neurobiological Foundations of Cognitive Development - Neuropsy Lab, HSE University, 101000, Myasnitskaya st.-20, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mariia D Bogdanova
- I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991, Trubetskaya st.-8/2, Moscow, Russian Federation.
- Scientific Research and Practical Center of Pediatric Psychoneurology, Michurinskiy pr.-74, 119602, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Marie Arsalidou
- Neurobiological Foundations of Cognitive Development - Neuropsy Lab, HSE University, 101000, Myasnitskaya st.-20, Moscow, Russian Federation
- York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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Rekik A, Aissi M, Rekik I, Mhiri M, Frih MA. Brain atrophy patterns in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab and its clinical correlates. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2573. [PMID: 35398999 PMCID: PMC9120898 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is defined as a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system, witnessing over the past years a remarkable progress in the therapeutic approaches of the inflammatory process. Yet, the ongoing neurodegenerative process is still ambiguous, under-assessed, and probably under-treated. Atrophy and cognitive dysfunction represent the radiological and clinical correlates of such process. In this study, we evaluated the effect of one specific MS treatment, which is natalizumab (NTZ), on brain atrophy evolution in different anatomical regions and its correlation with the cognitive profile and the physical disability. METHODS We recruited 20 patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting MS (RR-MS) and treated with NTZ. We tracked brain atrophy in different anatomical structures using MRI scans processed with an automated image segmentation technique. We also assessed the progression of physical disability and the cognitive function and its link with the progression of atrophy. RESULTS During the first 2 years of treatment, a significant volume loss was noted within the corpus callosum and the cerebellum gray matter (GM). The annual atrophy rate of the cortical GM, the cerebellum GM, the thalamus, the amygdala, the globus pallidus, and the hippocampus correlated with greater memory impairment. As for the third and fourth years of treatment, a significant atrophy revolved around the gray matter, mainly the cortical one. We also noted an increase of the thalamus volume. CONCLUSION Atrophy in RR-MS patients treated with NTZ is regional and targeting highly cognitive regions mainly of the subcortical gray matter and the cerebellum. The cerebellum atrophy was a marker of physical disability progression. NTZ did not accelerate the atrophy process in MS and may play a neuroprotective role by increasing the thalamus volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Rekik
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mona Aissi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Islem Rekik
- BASIRA Lab, Faculty of Computer and Informatics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.,School of Science and Engineering, Computing, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Mariem Mhiri
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mahbouba Ayed Frih
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Fattouma Bourguiba Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine of Monastir, Fattouma Bourguiba, Monastir, Tunisia
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7
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Fabri TL, Datta R, O'Mahony J, Barlow-Krelina E, De Somma E, Longoni G, Gur RE, Gur RC, Bacchus M, Ann Yeh E, Banwell BL, Till C. Memory, processing of emotional stimuli, and volume of limbic structures in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 31:102753. [PMID: 34273791 PMCID: PMC8319518 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The limbic system is involved in memory and in processing of emotional stimuli. We measured volume of the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus, and assessed their relative contribution to episodic memory and emotion identification in POMS. METHOD Sixty-five POMS participants (Mage = 18.3 ± 3.9 years; 48 female (73.8%)), average disease duration = 3.8 ± 3.8 years) and 76 age- and sex-matched controls (Mage = 18.1 ± 4.6 years; 49 female (64.5%)) completed the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (PCNB); 59 of 65 POMS participants and 69 out of 76 controls underwent 3 T MRI scanning. We derived age-adjusted Z-scores on accuracy and response time (RT) measures of episodic memory and emotion identification of the PCNB. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetrics were normalized using the scaling factor computed by SIENAx. On PCNB tests that differed between groups, we used multiple linear regression to assess relationships between regional brain volumes and either episodic memory or emotion identification outcomes controlling for age, sex, accuracy/RT, and parental education. RESULTS POMS participants were slower and less accurate than controls on the episodic memory domain but did not differ from controls on emotion outcomes. At the subtest level, POMS participants showed reduced accuracy on Word Memory (p = .002) and slower performance on Face Memory (p = .04) subtests. POMS participants had smaller total and regional brain volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, and thalamus (p values ≤ 0.01). Collapsing across groups, both hippocampal and thalamic volume were significant predictors of Word Memory accuracy; hippocampal volume (B = 0.24, SE = 0.10, p = .02) was more strongly associated with Word Memory performance than thalamic volume (B = 0.16, SE = 0.05, p = .003), though the estimate with was less precise. CONCLUSIONS POMS participants showed reduced episodic memory performance compared to controls. Aspects of episodic memory performance were associated with hippocampal and thalamic volume. Emotion identification was intact, despite volume loss in the amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ritobrato Datta
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States
| | - Julia O'Mahony
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | | | - Giulia Longoni
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
| | - Ruben C Gur
- Penn-CHOP Lifespan Brain Institute, Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
| | - Micky Bacchus
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States
| | - E Ann Yeh
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Brenda L Banwell
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, United States; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Christine Till
- Department of Psychology, York University, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neurology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Canada.
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8
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Lin X, Zhang X, Liu Q, Zhao P, Zhong J, Pan P, Wang G, Yi Z. Social cognition in multiple sclerosis and its subtypes: A meta-analysis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2021; 52:102973. [PMID: 33962135 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated demyelinating disease that disrupts several social cognitive abilities, including the theory of mind (ToM) and facial emotion recognition (FER). It is unclear how specific ToM subcomponents, including cognitive and affective ToM, are affected in patients with MS and the social cognitive abilities in MS subtypes. METHODS A search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases was conducted until June 2020. Effect sizes were calculated using Hedges g with a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 45 studies were included. Relative to health controls (HCs), patients with MS and its subtypes (including relapsing-remitting MS [RRMS] and progressive MS) exhibited impairments in ToM (g = -0.77, g = -0.70, g = -0.75, respectively), cognitive ToM (g = -0.72, g = -0.83, g = -0.73, respectively), affective ToM (g = -0.84, g = -0.63, g = -0. 50, respectively), and FER (g = -0.62, g = -0.53, g = -1.07, respectively). In addition, there was no difference between progressive primary MS and secondary progressive MS in overall ToM, cognitive ToM, affective ToM, and FER. Compared to patients with RRMS, patients with progressive MS showed no difference in overall ToM, cognitive ToM, and affective ToM but had more serious defects in FER (g = -0.57). CONCLUSIONS These quantitative results indicate that patients with MS and its subtypes have a differential impairment of the core aspects of social cognitive processing (including ToM and FER), which may help develop the structured social cognitive interventions in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoGuang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, PR China
| | - XueLing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, PR China
| | - QinQin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Suqian Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, PR China
| | - PanWen Zhao
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, PR China
| | - JianGuo Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, PR China
| | - PingLei Pan
- Department of Neurology and Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, PR China
| | - GenDi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, PR China
| | - ZhongQuan Yi
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical University, PR China.
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9
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Cognitive Issues in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11040442. [PMID: 33808278 PMCID: PMC8065790 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11040442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the leading causes of disability in young adults. The onset of MS during developmental age makes pediatric patients particularly susceptible to cognitive impairment, resulting from both disease-related damage and failure of age-expected brain growth. Despite different test batteries and definitions, cognitive impairment has been consistently reported in approximately one-third of pediatric patients with MS. However, the lack of a uniform definition of cognitive impairment and the adoption of different test batteries have led to divergent results in terms of cognitive domains more frequently affected across the cohorts explored. This heterogeneity has hampered large international collaborative studies. Moreover, research aimed at the identification of risk factors (e.g., demographic, clinical, and radiological features) or protective factors (e.g., cognitive reserve, leisure activities) for cognitive decline is still scanty. Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, can be detected in these patients alongside cognitive decline or in isolation, and can negatively affect quality of life scores as well as academic performances. By using MRI, cognitive impairment was attributed to damage to specific brain compartments as well as to abnormal network activation patterns. However, multimodal MRI studies are still needed in order to assess the contribution of each MRI metric to cognitive impairment. Importantly, longitudinal studies have recently demonstrated failure of age-expected brain growth and of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) maturation plays a relevant role in determining cognitive dysfunction, in addition to MS-related direct damage. Whether these growth retardations might result in specific cognitive profiles according to the age at disease onset has not been studied, yet. A better characterization of cognitive profiles in pediatric MS patients, as well as the definition of neuroanatomical substrates of cognitive impairment and their longitudinal evolution are needed to develop efficient therapeutic strategies against cognitive impairment in this patient population.
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10
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Doskas T, Vavougios GD, Karampetsou P, Kormas C, Synadinakis E, Stavrogianni K, Sionidou P, Serdari A, Vorvolakos T, Iliopoulos I, Vadikolias Κ. Neurocognitive impairment and social cognition in multiple sclerosis. Int J Neurosci 2021; 132:1229-1244. [PMID: 33527857 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1879066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM OF THE STUDY The impairment of neurocognitive functions occurs in all subtypes of multiple sclerosis, even from the earliest stages of the disease. Commonly reported manifestations of cognitive impairment include deficits in attention, conceptual reasoning, processing efficiency, information processing speed, memory (episodic and working), verbal fluency (language), and executive functions. Multiple sclerosis patients also suffer from social cognition impairment, which affects their social functioning. The objective of the current paper is to assess the effect of neurocognitive impairment and its potential correlation with social cognition performance and impairment in multiple sclerosis patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS An overview of the available-to-date literature on neurocognitive impairment and social cognition performance in multiple sclerosis patients by disease subtype was performed. RESULTS It is not clear if social cognition impairment occurs independently or secondarily to neurocognitive impairment. There are associations of variable strengths between neurocognitive and social cognition deficits and their neural basis is increasingly investigated. CONCLUSIONS The prompt detection of neurocognitive predictors of social cognition impairment that may be applicable to all multiple sclerosis subtypes and intervention are crucial to prevent further neural and social cognition decline in multiple sclerosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Doskas
- Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aspasia Serdari
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theofanis Vorvolakos
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Ioannis Iliopoulos
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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11
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Labbe TP, Zurita M, Montalba C, Ciampi EL, Cruz JP, Vasquez M, Uribe S, Crossley N, Cárcamo C. Social cognition in Multiple Sclerosis is associated to changes in brain connectivity: A resting-state fMRI study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2020; 45:102333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2020.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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12
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Chen Z, Liu NN, Xiao J, Wang YH, Dong R. The amygdala via the paraventricular nucleus regulates asthma attack in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2020; 26:730-740. [PMID: 32011093 PMCID: PMC7298979 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study aimed to investigate the functions of the amygdala in rat asthma model. Main methods Wheat germ agglutinin‐horseradish peroxidase (WGA‐HRP) was used for tracing from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the amygdala, and nuclear lesions were performed to observe changes in respiratory function and airway inflammation. Results This study showed that the extracellular neuronal discharged in the medial amygdala (MeA) and central amygdala (CeA), and the expression of Fos significantly increased in asthmatic rat compared to control group. The distribution of Fos‐ and oxytocin (OT)‐positive neurons and Fos/OT dual‐positive neurons evidently increased in the PVN. WGA‐HRP was injected into the PVN for tracing, and Fos/HRP‐dual‐positive neurons were observed to be distributed in the MeA. By using kainic acid (KA) to injure the MeA and CeA in asthmatic rats, expiratory and inspiratory times (TE/TI) and airway resistance (Raw) decreased, and minute ventilation volume (MVV) and dynamic pulmonary compliance (Cdyn) increased accordingly. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the number of eosinophils and the concentration of IL‐4 were lower than those of the control group, and the ratio of Th1/Th2 cells was higher than that of the control group. In the PVN, the distribution of Fos‐, OT‐positive cells and Fos/OT double‐positive cells decreased compared with those of the control group. The activities of the MeA and CeA and of OT neurons in the PVN of the rats were correlated with the occurrence of asthma. Conclusions Asthma attack could induce neural activities in the MeA and CeA, and OT neurons in the PVN may be involved in the process of asthma attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ni-Na Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue-Han Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Dong
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Cognitive Functioning in Patients with Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis, an Updated Review and Future Focus. CHILDREN-BASEL 2019; 6:children6020021. [PMID: 30720736 PMCID: PMC6406784 DOI: 10.3390/children6020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is relatively rare, but as technology and neuroimaging advance, an increasing number of cases are identified, and our understanding of how multiple sclerosis (MS) impacts the developing brain improves. There are consistent findings in the literature highlighting the impact of MS and other demyelinating diseases on cognitive functioning and cognitive development. We also have a better understanding of how POMS impacts psychosocial functioning and functional outcomes in daily living. This paper hopes to review findings associated with cognitive and psychosocial functioning in patients with POMS, as well as explore more recent advances in the field and how they relate to cognitive and psychosocial outcomes. We also discuss the ongoing need for future studies with a focus on better understanding deficits and disease correlates, but also preventative measures and potential rehabilitation.
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