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Ren YS, Li LF, Peng T, Tan YJ, Sun Y, Cheng GL, Zhang GM, Li J. The effect of milrinone on mortality in adult patients who underwent CABG surgery: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials with a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:328. [PMID: 32640988 PMCID: PMC7346403 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an inodilator, milrinone is commonly used for patients who undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery because of its effectiveness in decreasing the cardiac index and mitral regurgitation. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies from the past 20 years to evaluate the impact of milrinone on mortality in patients who undergo CABG surgery. Methods We performed a systematic literature search on the application of milrinone in patients who underwent CABG surgery in studies published between 1997 and 2017 in BioMed Central, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register. The included studies evaluated milrinone groups compared to groups receiving either placebo or standard treatment and further compared the systemic administration. Results The network meta-analysis included 723 patients from 16 randomized clinical trials. Overall, there was no significant difference in mortality between the milrinone group and the placebo/standard care group when patients underwent CABG surgery. In addition, 9 trials (with 440 randomized patients), 4 trials (with 212 randomized patients), and 10 trials (with 470 randomized patients) reported that the occurrence of myocardial infarction (MI), myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmia was lower in the milrinone group than in the placebo/standard care group. Between the milrinone treatment and placebo/standard care groups, the occurrence of myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmia was significantly different. However, the occurrence of stroke and renal failure, the duration of inotropic support (h), the need for an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), and mechanical ventilation (h) between these two groups showed no differences. Conclusions Based on the current results, compared with placebo, milrinone might be unable to decrease mortality in adult CABG surgical patients but can significantly ameliorate the occurrence of MI, myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmia. These results provide evidence for the further clinical application of milrinone and of therapeutic strategies for CABG surgery. However, along with milrinone application in clinical use, sufficient data from randomized clinical trials need to be collected, and the potential benefits and adverse effects should be analyzed and reevaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Ren
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Lan-Fang Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Yu-Jun Tan
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Guo-Liang Cheng
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Gui-Min Zhang
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China
| | - Jie Li
- Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Linyi, China. .,National Engineering and Technology Research Center of Chirality Pharmaceutica, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co, Ltd., Linyi, China.
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Abstract
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are a global cause of mortality and morbidity that affect millions of lives worldwide. Following atherosclerotic plaque rupture, platelet activation and aggregation are the two major elements that initiate thrombus formation inside a coronary artery, which can obstruct blood flow and cause myocardial ischemia; ergo, antiplatelet therapy forms a major part of the treatment strategy for ACS. Patients with ACS routinely receive dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), which consists of aspirin and a platelet P2Y12 inhibitor to both treat and prevent atherothrombosis. Use of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitors is now limited due to the risk of severe bleeding and thrombocytopenia. Thus, administration of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors is generally restricted to bail out thrombotic events associated with PCI. Furthermore, current antiplatelet medications mainly rely on thromboxane A2 and P2Y12 inhibition, which have broad-acting effects on platelets and are known to cause bleeding, which especially limits the long-term use of these agents. In addition, not all ACS patients treated with current antiplatelet treatments are protected from recurrence of arterial thrombosis, since many platelet mechanisms and activation pathways remain uninhibited by current antiplatelet therapy. Pharmacological antagonism of novel targets involved in platelet function could shape future antiplatelet therapies that could ultimately lead to more effective or safer therapeutic approaches. In this article, we focus on inhibitors of promising targets that have not yet been introduced into clinical practice, including inhibitors of GPVI, protease-activated receptor (PAR)-4, GPIb, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtype 2A (5-HT2A), protein disulfide isomerase, P-selectin and phosphoinositide 3-kinase β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz O Alenazy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK
| | - Mark R Thomas
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham , Birmingham, UK.,UHB and SWBH NHS Trusts , Birmingham, UK
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Gackowski M, Koba M, Kruszewski S. Comparison of UV- and Derivative-Spectrophotometric and HPTLC UVDensitometric Methods for the Determination of Amrinone and Milrinone in Bulk Drugs. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180627141659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography have been commonly applied
in pharmaceutical analysis for many years due to low cost, simplicity and short time of execution.
Moreover, the latest modifications including automation of those methods have made them very effective
and easy to perform, therefore, the new UV- and derivative spectrophotometry as well as high performance
thin layer chromatography UV-densitometric (HPTLC) methods for the routine estimation of
amrinone and milrinone in pharmaceutical formulation have been developed and compared in this work
since European Pharmacopoeia 9.0 has yet incorporated in an analytical monograph a method for quantification
of those compounds.
Methods:
For the first method the best conditions for quantification were achieved by measuring the
lengths between two extrema (peak-to-peak amplitudes) 252 and 277 nm in UV spectra of standard
solutions of amrinone and a signal at 288 nm of the first derivative spectra of standard solutions of milrinone.
The linearity between D252-277 signal and concentration of amironone and 1D288 signal of milrinone
in the same range of 5.0-25.0 μg ml/ml in DMSO:methanol (1:3 v/v) solutions presents the square
correlation coefficient (r2) of 0,9997 and 0.9991, respectively. The second method was founded on
HPTLC on silica plates, 1,4-dioxane:hexane (100:1.5) as a mobile phase and densitometric scanning at
252 nm for amrinone and at 271 nm for milrinone.
Results:
The assays were linear over the concentration range of 0,25-5.0 μg per spot (r2=0,9959) and
0,25-10.0 μg per spot (r2=0,9970) for amrinone and milrinone, respectively. The mean recoveries percentage
were 99.81 and 100,34 for amrinone as well as 99,58 and 99.46 for milrinone, obtained with
spectrophotometry and HPTLC, respectively.
Conclusion:
The comparison between two elaborated methods leads to the conclusion that UV and
derivative spectrophotometry is more precise and gives better recovery, and that is why it should be
applied for routine estimation of amrinone and milrinone in bulk drug, pharmaceutical forms and for
therapeutic monitoring of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gackowski
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marcin Koba
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Medical Physics Division, Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Pasha SF, Acosta R, Chandrasekhara V, Chathadi KV, Eloubeidi MA, Fanelli R, Faulx AL, Fonkalsrud L, Khashab MA, Lightdale JR, Muthusamy VR, Saltzman JR, Shaukat A, Wang A, Cash B. Routine laboratory testing before endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc 2014; 80:28-33. [PMID: 24836749 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Levy MJ, Anderson MA, Baron TH, Banerjee S, Dominitz JA, Gan SI, Harrison ME, Ikenberry SO, Jagannath S, Lichtenstein D, Shen B, Fanelli RD, Stewart L, Khan K. Position statement on routine laboratory testing before endoscopic procedures. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 68:827-32. [PMID: 18984097 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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