Study of the binding in an aqueous medium of inclusion complexes of several cyclodextrins involving fenoprofen calcium

Study on the Role of the Inclusion Complexes with 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin for Oral Administration of Amiodarone

The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of amiodarone hydrochloride (AMD) and the drug release using its inclusion complexes with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The inclusion complexes were prepared by coprecipitation and freeze-drying. The solubility enhancement of AMD/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes by 4–22 times was evaluated by the phase solubility method. The inclusion complexes were studied both in solution and in solid state by spectroscopic methods, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analysis, SEM, and DSC. The formulations of AMD/HP-β-CD inclusion complexes both as powdered form and as matrix tablets showed superior pharmacokinetic performance in improving loading and release properties in respect of those of the insoluble AMD drug. In vitro kinetic study reveals a complex mechanism of release occurring in three steps: the first one being attributed to a burst effect and the other two to different bonding existing in inclusion complexes. An in vivo test on matrix tablets containing Kollidon® and chitosan also reveals a multiple (at least two) peaks release diagram because of both structures of the inclusion complexes and also of different sites of absorption in biological media (digestive tract).

Potential of ordered mesoporous silica for oral delivery of poorly soluble drugs

The use of ordered mesoporous silica is one of the more recent and rapidly developing formulation techniques for enhancing the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Their large surface area and pore volume make ordered mesoporous silica materials excellent candidates for efficient drug loading and rapid release. While this new approach offers many promising advantages, further research is still necessary to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and to improve our scientific insight into the behavior of this system. In this review, the significant developments to date are presented and research challenges highlighted. Aspects of downstream processability are discussed in view of their special bulk powder properties and unique pore architecture. Lastly, perspectives for successful oral dosage form development are presented.

Structure-based in silico model profiles the binding constant of poorly soluble drugs with β-cyclodextrin

Cyclodextrin inclusion complexation technique is the key method to enhance the solubility and absorption of poorly soluble drugs in the early development stage, and thus it is essential to predict the binding constant between drug molecules and cyclodextrin. Structure-based in silico model was constructed for a data set of 86 poorly soluble drugs and used to profile the binding constant of drug-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex. The stepwise regression was employed to select the optimum subset of the independent variables. The in silico model was built by the multiple linear regression method and validated by the residual analysis, the normal Probability-Probability plot and Williams plot. For the entire data set, the R(2) and Q(2) of the model were 0.78 and 0.67, respectively. The results indicated that the fitted model is robust, stable and satisfies all the prerequisites of the regression models. The chemical space position and important contributors were compared between selected drug molecules and organic compounds available in the literature. It was suggested that the binding behavior of drug molecules with β-CD should differ from that of the common organic compounds. Focusing on structurally diverse drugs, the in silico model can be used as an efficient tool to rapidly screen the drug-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex stability and to rationally design the new drug delivery system of poorly soluble drugs.

Cyclodextrins in drug delivery: an updated review

The purpose of this review is to discuss and summarize some of the interesting findings and applications of cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives in different areas of drug delivery, particularly in protein and peptide drug delivery and gene delivery. The article highlights important CD applications in the design of various novel delivery systems like liposomes, microspheres, microcapsules, and nanoparticles. In addition to their well-known effects on drug solubility and dissolution, bioavailability, safety, and stability, their use as excipients in drug formulation are also discussed in this article. The article also focuses on various factors influencing inclusion complex formation because an understanding of the same is necessary for proper handling of these versatile materials. Some important considerations in selecting CDs in drug formulation such as their commercial availability, regulatory status, and patent status are also summarized. CDs, because of their continuing ability to find several novel applications in drug delivery, are expected to solve many problems associated with the delivery of different novel drugs through different delivery routes.