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Holman MK, Brown SD, Frempong D, Puri A, Dinh S. Development and Validation of a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Assay for Determination of Cromolyn Sodium in Skin Permeation Studies. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:7437905. [PMID: 35496898 PMCID: PMC9050334 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7437905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cromolyn sodium (CS) is a mast cell stabilizer administered to treat allergic diseases. A topical system would sustain its delivery and may be designed for treatment of atopic dermatitis. Established HPLC protocols for detection of CS are time consuming and intensive, indicating the need for a more streamlined method. This study aimed at developing and validating a sensitive and selective LC-MS method for quantifying CS in skin permeation studies that was less time and resource demanding. The optimized method involved an isocratic mobile phase (10 mM NH4HCO3, pH 8.0, 90% and ACN, 10%) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Detection involved direct MS/MS channels with m/z 467.0255 (precursor) and m/z 379.0517 (fragment) using argon as the collision gas. CS calibrants were prepared in PBS, pH 7.4, and methanol for validation (0.1-2.5 μg/mL). To ensure no skin interference, dermatomed porcine skin was mounted on Franz diffusion cells that were analyzed after 24 h. The skin layers were also separated, extracted in methanol, and analyzed using the developed method. Retention time was 1.9 min and 4.1 min in methanol and buffer, respectively. No interfering peaks were observed from the receptor and skin extracts, and linearity was established between 0.1 and 2.5 μg/mL. Interday and intraday accuracy and precision were within the acceptable limit of ±20% at the LLOQ and ±15% at other concentrations. Overall, the simplified, validated method showed sensitivity in detecting CS in skin without interference and was applied to demonstrate quantification of drug in skin following 4% cromolyn sodium gel exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Kay Holman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University, TN 37604, Johnson, USA
| | - Stacy D Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, TN 37604, Johnson, USA
| | - Dorcas Frempong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, TN 37604, Johnson, USA
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, TN 37604, Johnson, USA
| | - Steven Dinh
- College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, FL 33174, Miami, USA
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Abd Elhaleem SM, Elsebaei F, Shalan SH, Belal F. Utilization of N,S-Doped Carbon Dots as a Fluorescent Nanosensor for Determination of Cromolyn Based on Inner Filter Effect; Application to Aqueous Humor. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:713-721. [PMID: 35158415 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple and eco-friendly hydrothermal technique is used to prepare water soluble N and S co-doped carbon quantum dots probe (N,S-CQDs) from thiosemicarbazide and citric acid. Several characterization techniques were performed in order to ensure well- synthesis of highly luminescent N,S-CQDs. The prepared probe exhibited analytical potential as optical nanosensor for the spectrofluorimetric determination of cromolyn sodium (CRO) in its pharmaceutical dosage forms and aqueous humor. The emission intensity of the synthesized N,S-CQDs was measured at 411 nm after excitation at 345 nm. Addition of increasing concentrations of CRO to N,S-CQDs led to quenching of its fluorescence intensity. CRO was investigated within wide concentration range of 10.0 to 150.0 μM with limit of detection of 2.0 μM and limit of quantification of 6.0 μM. The quenching of fluorescent N,S-CQDs occurs through inner filter effect (IFE). The developed spectrofluorimetric method was successfully optimized and validated according to International Council of Harmonization (ICH). Method greenness is proved through using both Eco-scale and AGREE approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shymaa M Abd Elhaleem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - F Elsebaei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - S H Shalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Abdelwahab MH, Hegazy MA, Weshahy SA, Hendawy HAM, Abbas SS. Selective spectrofluorimetric determination of two corticosteroids along with their co-formulated drugs and degradation products in ophthalmic solution and aqueous humour. LUMINESCENCE 2021; 36:1124-1142. [PMID: 33428823 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Prednisolone acetate (PNO) and fluorometholone (FRT) are corticosteroids, co-formulated with moxifloxacin HCl (MFX) and cromolyn sodium (CML), respectively. PNO has a negligible quantum yield and its hydrolytic degradation products have enhanced fluorescence, which is 250-fold greater. FRT is a nonfluorescent drug, but its hydrolytic degradation products show reasonable fluorescence; MFX and CML have native fluorescence. Two methods were proposed based on the determination of PNO and FRT via their hydrolytic degradation products in the presence of other degradation products. Method (A) was developed for simultaneous determination of PNO and MFX in the presence of PNO degradation products by measuring peak amplitudes of the first derivative (1 D) of its enhanced fluorescence; PNO and MFX were measured at 345 and 473 nm, respectively. Method (B) is a synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method for simultaneous determination of FRT and its co-formulated drug CML in the presence of its degradation products. Fluorescence intensities were measured at λem 283 and 347 nm for FRT and CML, respectively, using Δλ = 99.20 nm. Validation of the proposed methods was conducted as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of the proposed drugs in bulk powder, ophthalmic solution, and rabbit's aqueous humour.
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Affiliation(s)
- May H Abdelwahab
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 6 Abu-Hazem St. from El-Haram St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Maha A Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soheir A Weshahy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan A M Hendawy
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), 6 Abu-Hazem St. from El-Haram St, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samah S Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, Egypt
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Development of Advanced Chemometric-Assisted Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Cromolyn Sodium and Its Alkaline Degradation Products. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245953. [PMID: 33339114 PMCID: PMC7765536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced and sensitive spectrophotometric and chemometric analytical methods were successfully established for the stability-indicating assay of cromolyn sodium (CS) and its alkaline degradation products (Deg1 and Deg2). Spectrophotometric mean centering ratio spectra method (MCR) and chemometric methods, including principal component regression (PCR) and partial least square (PLS-2) methods, were applied. Peak amplitudes after MCR at 367.8 nm, 373.8 nm and 310.6 nm were used within linear concentration ranges of 2-40 µg mL-1, 5-40 µg mL-1 and 10-100 µg mL-1 for CS, Deg1 and Deg2, respectively. For PCR and PLS-2 models, a calibration set of eighteen mixtures and a validation set of seven mixtures were built for the simultaneous determination of CS, Deg1 and Deg2 in the ranges of 5-13 µg mL-1, 8-16 µg mL-1, and 10-30 µg mL-1, respectively. The authors emphasize the importance of a stability-indicating strategy for the investigation of pharmaceutical products.
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Hegazy MA, Abdelwahab MH, Hendawy HAM, Weshahy SA, Abbas SS. Validated HPTLC and HPLC methods for determination of fluorometholone and sodium cromoglycate in presence of their impurities and degradation products; application to kinetic study and on rabbit aqueous humor. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2018.1431926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maha A. Hegazy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - May H. Abdelwahab
- Analytical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan A. M. Hendawy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Soheir A. Weshahy
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah S. Abbas
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Characterization of impurities in sodium cromoglycate drug substance and eye drops using LC-ESI-ion trap MS and LC-ESI-QTOF MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:537-548. [PMID: 28756173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
As requested by regulatory authorities, impurity profiling is an important issue of quality control. In this work, a simple and sensitive liquid chromatographic (LC) method compatible with mass spectrometry (MS) was developed to study related substances and degradation products in sodium cromoglycate drug substance and eye drops. The method used a Sunfire column (4.6mm×150mm, 3.5μm). Mobile phase A consisted of 10mM ammonium formate and mobile phase B was acetonitrile. Linear gradient elution with a post-run time of 8min was performed as follows: 0-30min, 3% B to 50% B; 30-35min, 50% B. The flow rate was set at 1.0mL/min. Degradation experiments were performed to check the stability indicating properties of the developed method. Based on MSn spectral data and exact mass measurements, the chemical structures of 2 unknown impurities and 6 unknown degradation products were characterized, including impurity C listed in the European Pharmacopoeia as unknown structure. In addition, a plausible mechanism for the formation of the degradation products was also proposed.
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Fathy ME, Abo El Abass Mohamed S, Elmansi H, Belal F. Simultaneous Determination of Cromolyn Sodium Combined Dosage Forms Using Isocratic HPLC Method. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 55:14-22. [PMID: 27621136 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple and selective reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed for the estimation of cromolyn sodium (CRM) with either oxymetazoline hydrochloride (OMZ) or xylometazoline hydrochloride (XMZ) in their binary mixtures. The method is based on the simultaneous separation of each drug in a reversed-phase Waters symmetry® C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm intradermally, 5-µm particle size) at 25°C. Elution was performed with a mobile phase consisting of methanol : 0.1 M phosphate buffer (60:40, v/v, pH 4.0). Quantitation was achieved with ultraviolet detection at 220 nm. The method could determine the three drugs, with linearity, in the range of 2.0-100.0 µg/mL for CRM and 0.8-8.0 µg/mL for OMZ and for XMZ. Aspirin was used as internal standard. Optimization of the separation in terms of mobile phase composition is critical to the method development, which is discussed in detail. The suggested procedure was successfully applied to the analysis of the studied drugs in their nasal preparations. Statistical evaluation of the data obtained by the proposed and comparison methods revealed good accuracy of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Fathy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - S Abo El Abass Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - H Elmansi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - F Belal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
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Lotfy HM, Saleh SS, Hassan NY, Salem H. Development and validation of impurity-profiling UPLC method for the determination of sodium cromoglicate and tetryzoline hydrochloride: Application on rabbit aqueous humor. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1006:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hassib ST, El-Zaher AA, Fouad MA. Validated stability-indicating derivative and derivative ratio methods for the determination of some drugs used to alleviate respiratory tract disorders and their degradation products. Drug Test Anal 2011; 3:306-18. [PMID: 21412993 DOI: 10.1002/dta.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Revised: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Derivative and derivative ratio methods are presented for the determination of butamirate citrate, formoterol fumarate, montelukast sodium, and sodium cromoglycate. Using the second derivative ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, butamirate citrate and formoterol fumarate were determined by measuring the peak amplitude at 260.4 and 261.8 nm, respectively, without any interference of their degradation products. Butamirate citrate degradation product, 2-phenyl butyric acid, was determined by the measurement of its second derivative amplitude at 246.7 nm where butamirate citrate displays zero crossing. Formoterol fumarate degradation product, desformyl derivative, could be evaluated through the use of the first derivative at peak amplitude of 264.8 nm where interference of formoterol fumarate is negligible. In the first mode, the zero-crossing technique was applied at 305 nm for the determination of montelukast sodium in the presence of its photodegradation product, cis-isomer. The derivative of ratio spectra of montelukast sodium and its cis- isomer were used to determine both isomers using the first derivative of the ratio spectra by measuring the amplitudes of the trough at 305 nm and the peak at 308 nm, respectively. The later technique was also used for the determination of a ternary mixture of sodium cromoglycate and its two degradation products using zero-crossing method. In the derivative ratio spectra of the ternary mixture, trough depths were measured at 271.6, 302.8 and 302.2 nm, using the second, the first, and the second mode to evaluate sodium cromoglycate, degradation product (1) and degradation product (2), respectively. All the methods were applied successfully to the pharmaceutical preparation and were validated according to ICH guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia T Hassib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El- Aini 11562, Cairo, Egypt
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Ali MS, Rafiuddin S, Al-Jawi DA, Al-Hetari Y, Ghori MUH, Khatri AR. Stability-indicating assay of sodium cromoglicate in ophthalmic solution using mixed-mode hydrophilic interaction chromatography. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1645-50. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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