1
|
Rushing JC, Gurung A, Kuroda DG. Relation between microscopic structure and macroscopic properties in polyacrylonitrile-based lithium-ion polymer gel electrolytes. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:144705. [PMID: 37061496 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer gel electrolytes (PGE) have seen a renewed interest in their development because they have high ionic conductivities but low electrochemical degradation and flammability. PGEs are formed by mixing a liquid lithium-ion electrolyte with a polymer at a sufficiently large concentration to form a gel. PGEs have been extensively studied, but the direct connection between their microscopic structure and macroscopic properties remains controversial. For example, it is still unknown whether the polymer in the PGE acts as an inert, stabilizing scaffold for the electrolyte or it interacts with the ionic components. Here, a PGE composed of a prototypical lithium-carbonate electrolyte and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is pursued at both microscopic and macroscopic levels. Specifically, this study focused on describing the microscopic and macroscopic changes in the PGE at different polymer concentrations. The results indicated that the polymer-ion and polymer-polymer interactions are strongly dependent on the concentration of the polymer and the lithium salt. In particular, the polymer interacts with itself at very high PAN concentrations (10% weight) resulting in a viscous gel. However, the conductivity and dynamics of the electrolyte liquid components are significantly less affected by the addition of the polymer. The observations are explained in terms of the PGE structure, which transitions from a polymer solution to a gel, containing a polymer matrix and disperse electrolyte, at low and high PAN concentrations, respectively. The results highlight the critical role that the polymer concentration plays in determining both the macroscopic properties of the system and the molecular structure of the PGE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeramie C Rushing
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Anit Gurung
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Daniel G Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tunçel KŞ, Rahman MM, Demirel T, Karacan I. The impact of guanidine carbonate incorporation on the molecular structure of polyacrylonitrile precursor fiber stabilized by a multistep heat treatment strategy. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kemal Şahin Tunçel
- Department of Traditional Crafts Siirt University Siirt Turkey
- Department of Textile Engineering Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Md. Mahbubor Rahman
- Department of Textile Engineering Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
- Bangladesh University of Textiles Tejgaon, Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Tuba Demirel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| | - Ismail Karacan
- Department of Textile Engineering Erciyes University Kayseri Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Habets T, Siragusa F, Muller A, Grossman Q, Ruffoni D, Grignard B, Detrembleur C. Facile construction of functional poly(monothiocarbonate)s copolymers under mild operating conditions. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The installation of both oxazolidone and thiocarbonate linkages within a single polymer backbone remains elusive by simple procedures under mild conditions. In this work, we report the construction of copolymers...
Collapse
|
4
|
Moskowitz JD, Jackson MB, Tucker A, Cook JD. Evolution of polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers and the effect of stretch profile in wet spinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy Tucker
- Solvay Composite Materials Piedmont South Carolina USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Introduction of a Methodology to Enhance the Stabilization Process of PAN Fibers by Modeling and Advanced Characterization. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122749. [PMID: 32560406 PMCID: PMC7344712 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A methodology for designing the oxidative stabilization process of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers is examined. In its core, this methodology is based on a model that describes the characteristic fiber length variation during thermal processing, through the de-convolution of three main contributors (i.e., entropic and chemical shrinkage and creep elongation). The model demonstrated an additional advantage of offering further insight into the physical and chemical phenomena taking place during the treatment. Validation of PAN-model prediction performance for different processing parameters was achieved as demonstrated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Τensile testing revealed the effect of processing parameters on fiber quality, while model prediction demonstrated that ladder polymer formation is accelerated at temperatures over 200 °C. Additionally, according the DSC and FTIR measurements predictions from the application of the model during stabilization seem to be more precise at high-temperature stabilization stages. It was shown that mechanical properties could be enhanced preferably by including a treatment step below 200 °C, before the initiation of cyclization reactions. Further confirmation was provided via Raman spectroscopy, which demonstrated that graphitic like planes are formed upon stabilization above 200 °C, and thus multistage stabilization is required to optimize synthesis of carbon fibers. Optical Microscopy proved that isothermal stabilization treatment did not severely alter the cross section geometry of PAN fiber monofilaments.
Collapse
|
6
|
Impact of Alternative Stabilization Strategies for the Production of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers with High Performance. FIBERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fib8060033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to review a possible correlation of composition, thermal processing, and recent alternative stabilization technologies to the mechanical properties. The chemical microstructure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is discussed in detail to understand the influence in thermomechanical properties during stabilization by observing transformation from thermoplastic to ladder polymer. In addition, relevant literature data are used to understand the comonomer composition effect on mechanical properties. Technologies of direct fiber heating by irradiation have been recently involved and hold promise to enhance performance, reduce processing time and energy consumption. Carbon fiber manufacturing can provide benefits by using higher comonomer ratios, similar to textile grade or melt-spun PAN, in order to cut costs derived from an acrylonitrile precursor, without suffering in regard to mechanical properties. Energy intensive processes of stabilization and carbonization remain a challenging field of research in order to reduce both environmental impact and cost of the wide commercialization of carbon fibers (CFs) to enable their broad application.
Collapse
|
7
|
Soulis S, Dragatogiannis DA, Charitidis CA. A novel methodology for designing thermal processes in order to optimize stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Soulis
- Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nano‐Materials and Nanotechnology (R‐Nano Lab), Material Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece
| | - Dimitris A. Dragatogiannis
- Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nano‐Materials and Nanotechnology (R‐Nano Lab), Material Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece
| | - Costas A. Charitidis
- Laboratory of Advanced, Composite, Nano‐Materials and Nanotechnology (R‐Nano Lab), Material Science and Engineering Department, School of Chemical EngineeringNational Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kopeć M, Lamson M, Yuan R, Tang C, Kruk M, Zhong M, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T. Polyacrylonitrile-derived nanostructured carbon materials. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
9
|
Kopeć M, Yuan R, Gottlieb E, Abreu CMR, Song Y, Wang Z, Coelho JFJ, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T. Polyacrylonitrile-b-poly(butyl acrylate) Block Copolymers as Precursors to Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Carbons: Synthesis and Nanostructure. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kopeć
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Eric Gottlieb
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Carlos M. R. Abreu
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- CEMMPRE,
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II,
Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Yang Song
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zongyu Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jorge F. J. Coelho
- CEMMPRE,
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Polo II,
Pinhal de Marrocos, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sabet EN, Nourpanah P, Arbab S. Quantitative analysis of entropic stress effect on the structural rearrangement during pre-stabilization of PAN precursor fibers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Sabet EN, Nourpanah P, Arbab S. A Novel Method for Investigation of Entropic Stress in Prestabilization of PAN-Based Precursor Fibers. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parviz Nourpanah
- Department of Textile Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran 15875-4413 Iran
| | - Shahram Arbab
- ATMT Research Institute; AmirKabir University of Technology; Tehran 15875-4413 Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Supramolecular structure of highly oriented wet-spun polyacrylonitrile fibers used in the preparation of high-performance carbon fibers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Chien AT, Liu HC, Newcomb BA, Xiang C, Tour JM, Kumar S. Polyacrylonitrile fibers containing graphene oxide nanoribbons. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5281-5288. [PMID: 25671488 DOI: 10.1021/am508594p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide nanoribbon (GONR) made by the oxidative unzipping of multiwalled carbon nanotube was dispersed in dimethylformamide and mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) to fabricate continuous PAN/GONR composite fibers by gel spinning. Subsequently, PAN/GONR composite fibers were stabilized and carbonized in a batch process to fabricate composite carbon fibers. Structure, processing, and properties of the composite precursor and carbon fibers have been studied. This study shows that GONR can be used to make porous precursor and carbon fibers. In addition, GONR also shows the potential to make higher mechanical property carbon fibers than that achieved from PAN precursor only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An-Ting Chien
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , 801 Ferst Drive, NW MRDC-1, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0295, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chien AT, Newcomb BA, Sabo D, Robbins J, Zhang ZJ, Kumar S. High-strength superparamagnetic composite fibers. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Morales MS, Ogale AA. Carbon fibers derived from UV-assisted stabilization of wet-spun polyacrylonitrile fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon S. Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Earle Hall, Clemson University; Clemson South Carolina 29634-0910
- Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films; Earle Hall, Clemson University; Clemson South Carolina 29634-0910
| | - Amod A. Ogale
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Earle Hall, Clemson University; Clemson South Carolina 29634-0910
- Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films; Earle Hall, Clemson University; Clemson South Carolina 29634-0910
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bashir Z, Rastogi S. The Explanation of the Increase in Slope at the Tg in the Plot of d‐Spacing Versus Temperature in Polyacrylonitrile. J MACROMOL SCI B 2014. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-200044588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanjay Rastogi
- b Dutch Polymer Institute/Dept. Chemical Engineering , Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven , The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Temperature dependent tensile behavior of gel-spun polyacrylonitrile and polyacrylonitrile/carbon nanotube composite fibers. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
18
|
Morales MS, Ogale AA. Wet-spun, photoinitiator-modified polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers: UV-assisted stabilization. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon S. Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films; Earle Hall, Clemson University; Clemson; South Carolina; 29634-0910
| | - Amod A. Ogale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and Center for Advanced Engineering Fibers and Films; Earle Hall, Clemson University; Clemson; South Carolina; 29634-0910
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kalashnik AT, Smirnova TN, Chernova OP, Kozlov VV. Properties and structure of polyacrylonitrile fibers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x10110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Suresh KI, Thomas KS, Rao. BS, Nair CPR. Viscoelastic properties of polyacrylonitrile terpolymers during thermo‐oxidative stabilization (cyclization). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
21
|
Soulis S, Simitzis J. Thermomechanical behaviour of poly[acrylonitrile-co-(methyl acrylate)] fibres oxidatively treated at temperatures up to 180 °C. POLYM INT 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
22
|
Sawai D, Kanamoto T, Yamazaki H, Hisatani K. Dynamic Mechanical Relaxations in Poly(acrylonitrile) with Different Stereoregularities. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0352330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
23
|
Kaji H, Miura N, Schmidt-Rohr K. Rotational Motions in Atactic Poly(acrylonitrile) Studied by One- and Two-Dimensional 15N Solid-State NMR and Dielectric Measurements. Macromolecules 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0341420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Kaji
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; and Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Nobuhiro Miura
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; and Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan; and Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
|