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Kawamura K, Yoshioka H, Sato C, Yajima T, Furuyama Y, Kuramochi K, Ohgane K. Fine-tuning of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate esters that potently induce degradation of HMG-CoA reductase. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 78:117145. [PMID: 36580745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase is the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, and competitive inhibitors targeting the catalytic domain of this enzyme, so-called statins, are widely used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. The membrane domain mediates the sterol-accelerated degradation, a post-translational negative feedback mechanism, and small molecules triggering such degradation have been studied as an alternative therapeutic option. Such strategies are expected to provide benefits over catalytic site inhibitors, as the inhibition leads to transcriptional and post-translational upregulation of the enzyme, necessitating a higher dose of the inhibitors and concomitantly increasing the risk of serious adverse effects, including myopathies. Through our previous study on SR12813, a synthetic small molecule that induces degradation of HMG-CoA reductase, we identified a nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate ester SRP3042 as a highly potent HMG-CoA reductase degrader. Here, we performed a systematic structure-activity relationship study to optimize its activity and physicochemical properties, specifically focusing on the reduction of lipophilicity. Mono-fluorination of tert-butyl groups on the molecules was found to increase the HMG-CoA reductase degradation activity while reducing lipophilicity, suggesting the mono-fluorination of saturated alkyl groups as a useful strategy to balance potency and lipophilicity of the lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kawamura
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8519, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yoshioka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 13-0032, Japan
| | - Chikako Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Yuuki Furuyama
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8519, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8519, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohgane
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8519, Japan; Department of Chemistry, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
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Simelane SB, Ikhile MI, Ndinteh DT, Mbianda XY. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-substituted vinylgembisphosphonates against Plasmodium falciparum and Trypanosoma brucei. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1728757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monisola I. Ikhile
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Derek T. Ndinteh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Xavier Y. Mbianda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
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Bitok JK, Meyers CF. Synthesis and evaluation of stable substrate analogs as potential modulators of cyclodiphosphate synthase IspF. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:130-134. [PMID: 23509611 DOI: 10.1039/c2md20175e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Stable IspF substrate analogs were synthesized. In the presence of substrate analogs, the E. coli IspF-MEP complex shows activities distinct from IspF, and bisphosphonates (BP) behave differently than their diphosphate (DP) counterparts. Bisphosphonate analogs activate and/or stabilize IspF, and only the closest structural substrate analog weakly inhibits the IspF-MEP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kipchirchir Bitok
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Sakai N, Matile S. Multistep organic synthesis of modular photosystems. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:897-904. [PMID: 23015840 PMCID: PMC3388880 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quite extensive synthetic achievements vanish in the online supporting information of publications on functional systems. Underappreciated, their value is recognized by experts only. As an example, we here focus in on the recent synthesis of multicomponent photosystems with antiparallel charge-transfer cascades in co-axial hole- and electron-transporting channels. The synthetic steps are described one-by-one, starting with commercial starting materials and moving on to key intermediates, such as asparagusic acid, an intriguing natural product, as well as diphosphonate “feet”, and panchromatic naphthalenediimides (NDIs), to finally reach the target molecules. These products are initiators and propagators for self-organizing surface-initiated polymerization (SOSIP), a new method introduced to secure facile access to complex architectures. Chemoorthogonal to the ring-opening disulfide exchange used for SOSIP, hydrazone exchange is then introduced to achieve stack exchange, which is a “switching” technology invented to drill giant holes into SOSIP architectures and fill them with functional π-stacks of free choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Han LB, Ono Y, Xu Q, Shimada S. Highly Selective Markovnikov Addition of HypervalentH-Spirophosphoranes to Alkynes Mediated by Palladium Acetate: Generality and Mechanism. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Capuzzi M, Perdicchia D, Jørgensen K. Highly Enantioselective Approach to Geminal Bisphosphonates by Organocatalyzed Michael-Type Addition of β-Ketoesters. Chemistry 2007; 14:128-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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7
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Luo Y, Zechel DL. A concise synthesis of α-D-ribofuranosyl alkylphosphonates Putative substrate intermediates for the carbonphosphorous lyase system. CAN J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1139/v06-038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Carbonphosphorous lyase is a multienzyme system found in many species of bacteria that is distinguished by its ability to hydrolyze a broad array of unactivated alkylphosphonates. α-D-Ribofuranosyl alkylphosphonates are potential metabolic intermediates generated by the carbonphosphorous lyase pathway. Here we describe a facile synthesis of α-D-ribofuranosyl alkylphosphonates using β-D-ribofuranosyl trichloracetimidate as a glycosyl donor.Key words: carbonphosphorous lyase, phn operon, phnN, phosphonates, glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donor, α-D-ribofuranosyl ethylphosphonate.
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Streicher H, Busse H. Building a successful structural motif into sialylmimetics-cyclohexenephosphonate monoesters as pseudo-sialosides with promising inhibitory properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:1047-57. [PMID: 16230015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2005] [Revised: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A variable synthesis of a new class of sialylmimetics which provides access to pseudo-sialosides containing the successful cyclohexene motif in the sialic acid mimicking part has been developed. The D- and L-xylo cyclohexenephosphonate scaffolds allow attachment of selected aglycons or aglycon mimetics via mixed phosphonate diester strategies and some target compounds thus synthesized displayed promising inhibitory properties when tested with parasitic or bacterial sialidases.
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Reddy GV, Jacobs HK, Gopalan AS, Barrans RE, Dietz ML, Stepinski DC, Herlinger AW. SYNTHESIS OF SYMMETRICAL METHYLENEBIS(ALKYL HYDROGEN PHOSPHONATES) BY SELECTIVE CLEAVAGE OF METHYLENEBIS(DIALKYL PHOSPHONATES) WITH MORPHOLINE. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2004; 34:331-344. [PMID: 23180889 PMCID: PMC3505106 DOI: 10.1081/scc-120027271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The preparation of partial esters of methylenebisphosphonic acids has been of recent interest due to their potential therapeutic applications. This paper describes a convenient method to prepare symmetrical methylenebis(alkyl hydrogen phosphonates) by the selective cleavage of the corresponding methylenebis(dialkyl phosphonate) with refluxing morpholine. The effects of structural variations on the amine as well as the substrate have been investigated to understand the scope and limitations of this reaction. A superior approach to hindered bisphosphonic acid esters involves the cleavage of their dimethyl esters, 4, using morpholine. This method is also useful to access a number of C-alkyl dialkyl methylenebisphosphonic acids such as 6. This study clearly shows that cleavage with morpholine is convenient, inexpensive, and allows for the preparation of a variety of P,P'-disubstituted partial esters in good yields and high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gantla Vidyasagar Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, MSC 3C, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003
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