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Kang K, Nishimoto Y, Yasuda M. Regio- and Stereoselective Carboindation of Internal Alkynyl Ethers with Organosilicon or -stannane Nucleophiles. J Org Chem 2019; 84:13345-13363. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Tarnchompoo B, Chitnumsub P, Jaruwat A, Shaw PJ, Vanichtanankul J, Poen S, Rattanajak R, Wongsombat C, Tonsomboon A, Decharuangsilp S, Anukunwithaya T, Arwon U, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Yuthavong Y. Hybrid Inhibitors of Malarial Dihydrofolate Reductase with Dual Binding Modes That Can Forestall Resistance. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:1235-1240. [PMID: 30613332 PMCID: PMC6295868 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
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The
S108N mutation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) renders Plasmodium
falciparum malaria parasites resistant to pyrimethamine
through steric clash with the rigid side chain of the inhibitor. Inhibitors
with flexible side chains can avoid this clash and retain effectiveness
against the mutant. However, other mutations such as N108S reversion
confer resistance to flexible inhibitors. We designed and synthesized
hybrid inhibitors with two structural types in a single molecule,
which are effective against both wild-type and multiple mutants of P. falciparum through their selective target binding, as
demonstrated by X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the hybrid inhibitors
can forestall the emergence of new resistant mutants, as shown by
selection of mutants resistant to hybrid compound BT1 from a diverse PfDHFR random mutant library expressed in a surrogate
bacterial system. These results show that it is possible to develop
effective antifolate antimalarials to which the range of parasite
resistance mutations is greatly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongkoch Tarnchompoo
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Aritsara Jaruwat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Philip J. Shaw
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Vanichtanankul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sinothai Poen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Roonglawan Rattanajak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chayaphat Wongsombat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Aunchalee Tonsomboon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sasithorn Decharuangsilp
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Tosapol Anukunwithaya
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Uthai Arwon
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Yongyuth Yuthavong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
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Holsworth DD, Jalaie M, Belliotti T, Cai C, Collard W, Ferreira S, Powell NA, Stier M, Zhang E, McConnell P, Mochalkin I, Ryan MJ, Bryant J, Li T, Kasani A, Subedi R, Maiti SN, Edmunds JJ. Discovery of 6-ethyl-2,4-diaminopyrimidine-based small molecule renin inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3575-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sarver RW, Peevers J, Cody WL, Ciske FL, Dyer J, Emerson SD, Hagadorn JC, Holsworth DD, Jalaie M, Kaufman M, Mastronardi M, McConnell P, Powell NA, Quin J, Van Huis CA, Zhang E, Mochalkin I. Binding thermodynamics of substituted diaminopyrimidine renin inhibitors. Anal Biochem 2007; 360:30-40. [PMID: 17113558 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Renin is an aspartyl protease involved in the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. Renin inhibitors can prevent blood vessel constriction and therefore could be useful for the treatment of hypertension. High-throughput screening efforts identified a small molecule renin inhibitor with a core substituted diaminopyrimidine ring. Parallel medicinal chemistry efforts based on this lead resulted in compound 1. A complex of 1 bound to renin was crystallized, and structural data were obtained by X-ray diffraction. The structure indicated that there were adjacent unoccupied binding pockets. Synthetic efforts were initiated to extend functionality into these pockets so as to improve affinity and adjust pharmacokinetic parameters. Thermodynamics data for inhibitor binding to renin were also collected using isothermal titration calorimetry. These data were used to help guide inhibitor optimization by suggesting molecular alterations to improve binding affinity from both thermodynamic and structural perspectives. The addition of a methoxypropyl group extending into the S3 subpocket improved inhibitor affinity and resulted in greater binding enthalpy. Initial additions to the pyrimidine ring template that extended into the large hydrophobic S2 pocket did not improve affinity and dramatically altered the thermodynamic driving force for the binding interaction. Binding of the core template was enthalpically driven, whereas binding of initial inhibitors with S2 extensions was both enthalpically and entropically driven but lost significant binding enthalpy. Additional electrostatic interactions were then incorporated into the S2 extension to improve binding enthalpy while taking advantage of the favorable entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Sarver
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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Chapter 6.2 Six-membered ring systems: Diazines and benzo derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(05)80055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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