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Luo D, Ottesen E, Lee JH, Singh R. Transcriptome- and proteome-wide effects of a circular RNA encompassing four early exons of the spinal muscular atrophy genes. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3818622. [PMID: 38464174 PMCID: PMC10925445 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3818622/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) genes, SMN1 and SMN2, produce multiple circular RNAs (circRNAs), including C2A-2B-3-4 that encompasses early exons 2A, 2B, 3 and 4. Here we report the transcriptome- and proteome-wide effects of overexpression of C2A-2B-3-4 in inducible HEK293 cells. Our RNA-Seq analysis revealed altered expression of ~ 15% genes (4,172 genes) by C2A-2B-3-4. About half of the affected genes by C2A-2B-3-4 remained unaffected by L2A-2B-3-4, a linear transcript encompassing exons 2A, 2B, 3 and 4 of SMN1/SMN2. These fifindings underscore the unique role of the structural context of C2A-2B-3-4 in gene regulation. A surprisingly high number of upregulated genes by C2A-2B-3-4 were located on chromosomes 4 and 7, whereas many of the downregulated genes were located on chromosomes 10 and X. Supporting a cross-regulation of SMN1/SMN2 transcripts, C2A-2B-3-4 and L2A-2B-3-4 upregulated and downregulated SMN1/SMN2 mRNAs, respectively. Proteome analysis revealed 61 upregulated and 57 downregulated proteins by C2A-2B-3-4 with very limited overlap with those affected by L2A-2B-3-4. Independent validations confirmed the effect of C2A-2B-3-4 on expression of genes associated with chromatin remodeling, transcription, spliceosome function, ribosome biogenesis, lipid metabolism, cytoskeletal formation, cell proliferation and neuromuscular junction formation. Our findings reveal a broad role of C2A-2B-3-4, a universally expressed circRNA produced by SMN1/SMN2.
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Nataf S, Guillen M, Pays L. Irrespective of Plaque Activity, Multiple Sclerosis Brain Periplaques Exhibit Alterations of Myelin Genes and a TGF-Beta Signature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314993. [PMID: 36499320 PMCID: PMC9738407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In a substantial share of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS), neurological functions slowly deteriorate despite a lack of radiological activity. Such a silent progression, observed in either relapsing-remitting or progressive forms of MS, is driven by mechanisms that appear to be independent from plaque activity. In this context, we previously reported that, in the spinal cord of MS patients, periplaques cover large surfaces of partial demyelination characterized notably by a transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) molecular signature and a decreased expression of the oligodendrocyte gene NDRG1 (N-Myc downstream regulated 1). In the present work, we re-assessed a previously published RNA expression dataset in which brain periplaques were originally used as internal controls. When comparing the mRNA profiles obtained from brain periplaques with those derived from control normal white matter samples, we found that, irrespective of plaque activity, brain periplaques exhibited a TGF-beta molecular signature, an increased expression of TGFB2 (transforming growth factor beta 2) and a decreased expression of the oligodendrocyte genes NDRG1 (N-Myc downstream regulated 1) and MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein). From these data obtained at the mRNA level, a survey of the human proteome allowed predicting a protein-protein interaction network linking TGFB2 to the down-regulation of both NDRG1 and MAG in brain periplaques. To further elucidate the role of NDRG1 in periplaque-associated partial demyelination, we then extracted the interaction network linking NDRG1 to proteins detected in human central myelin sheaths. We observed that such a network was highly significantly enriched in RNA-binding proteins that notably included several HNRNPs (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins) involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of MAG. We conclude that both brain and spinal cord periplaques host a chronic process of tissue remodeling, during which oligodendrocyte myelinating functions are altered. Our findings further suggest that TGFB2 may fuel such a process. Overall, the present work provides additional evidence that periplaque-associated partial demyelination may drive the silent progression observed in a subset of MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Nataf
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Stem-Cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 Avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500 Bron, France
- Lyon-Est School of Medicine, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Marine Guillen
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Stem-Cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 Avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Pays
- Bank of Tissues and Cells, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Place d’Arsonval, F-69003 Lyon, France
- Stem-Cell and Brain Research Institute, 18 Avenue de Doyen Lépine, F-69500 Bron, France
- Lyon-Est School of Medicine, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
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Hodgson R, Xu X, Anzilotti C, Deobagkar-Lele M, Crockford TL, Kepple JD, Cawthorne E, Bhandari A, Cebrian-Serrano A, Wilcock MJ, Davies B, Cornall RJ, Bull KR. NDRG1 is induced by antigen-receptor signaling but dispensable for B and T cell self-tolerance. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1216. [PMID: 36357486 PMCID: PMC9649591 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral tolerance prevents the initiation of damaging immune responses by autoreactive lymphocytes. While tolerogenic mechanisms are tightly regulated by antigen-dependent and independent signals, downstream pathways are incompletely understood. N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1), an anti-cancer therapeutic target, has previously been implicated as a CD4+ T cell clonal anergy factor. By RNA-sequencing, we identified Ndrg1 as the third most upregulated gene in anergic, compared to naïve follicular, B cells. Ndrg1 is upregulated by B cell receptor activation (signal one) and suppressed by co-stimulation (signal two), suggesting that NDRG1 may be important in B cell tolerance. However, though Ndrg1-/- mice have a neurological defect mimicking NDRG1-associated Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT4d) disease, primary and secondary immune responses were normal. We find that B cell tolerance is maintained, and NDRG1 does not play a role in downstream responses during re-stimulation of in vivo antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells, demonstrating that NDGR1 is functionally redundant for lymphocyte anergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Hodgson
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xijin Xu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Consuelo Anzilotti
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mukta Deobagkar-Lele
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tanya L Crockford
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica D Kepple
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Cawthorne
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aneesha Bhandari
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alberto Cebrian-Serrano
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin J Wilcock
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Katherine R Bull
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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A splice altering variant in NDRG1 gene causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4D. Neurol Sci 2022; 43:4463-4472. [PMID: 35149926 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-05893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4D (CMT4D) is a progressive, autosomal recessive form of CMT, characterized by distal muscle weakness and atrophy, foot deformities, severe motor sensory neuropathy, and sensorineural hearing impairment. Mutations in NDRG1 gene cause neuropathy in humans, dogs, and rodents. Here, we describe clinical and genetic features of a 17-year-old male with wasting of hand muscle and foot and severe motor neuropathy. Whole exome sequencing was carried out on the patient and his unaffected parents. We identified a novel deletion of nine nucleotides (c.537 + 2_537 + 10del) on the splice donor site of intron 8 in NDRG1 gene. The Sanger sequencing confirmed the segregation of this mutation in autosomal recessive inheritance. Furthermore, transcript analysis confirmed a splice defect and reveals using of an alternate cryptic splice donor site on the downstream intronic region. It resulted in an insertion of 42 nucleotides to exon 8 of NDRG1. Translation of the resulting transcript sequence revealed an insertion of 14 amino acids in-frame to the existing NDRG1 protein. This insertion is predicted to disrupt an alpha helix which is involved in protein-protein interactions in homologous proteins. Our study expands the clinical and genetic spectrum of CMT4D. The splice defect we found in this patient reveals a novel splice isoform of NDRG1 as the potential cause for the neuropathy observed in this patient.
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McLean JW, Wilson JA, Tian T, Watson JA, VanHart M, Bean AJ, Scherer SS, Crossman DK, Ubogu E, Wilson SM. Disruption of Endosomal Sorting in Schwann Cells Leads to Defective Myelination and Endosomal Abnormalities Observed in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5085-5101. [PMID: 35589390 PMCID: PMC9233440 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2481-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosomal sorting plays a fundamental role in directing neural development. By altering the temporal and spatial distribution of membrane receptors, endosomes regulate signaling pathways that control the differentiation and function of neural cells. Several genes linked to inherited demyelinating peripheral neuropathies, known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, encode proteins that directly interact with components of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). Our previous studies demonstrated that a point mutation in the ESCRT component hepatocyte growth-factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HGS), an endosomal scaffolding protein that identifies internalized cargo to be sorted by the endosome, causes a peripheral neuropathy in the neurodevelopmentally impaired teetering mice. Here, we constructed a Schwann cell-specific deletion of Hgs to determine the role of endosomal sorting during myelination. Inactivation of HGS in Schwann cells resulted in motor and sensory deficits, slowed nerve conduction velocities, delayed myelination and hypomyelinated axons, all of which occur in demyelinating forms of CMT. Consistent with a delay in Schwann cell maturation, HGS-deficient sciatic nerves displayed increased mRNA levels for several promyelinating genes and decreased mRNA levels for genes that serve as markers of myelinating Schwann cells. Loss of HGS also altered the abundance and activation of the ERBB2/3 receptors, which are essential for Schwann cell development. We therefore hypothesize that HGS plays a critical role in endosomal sorting of the ERBB2/3 receptors during Schwann cell maturation, which further implicates endosomal dysfunction in inherited peripheral neuropathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Schwann cells myelinate peripheral axons, and defects in Schwann cell function cause inherited demyelinating peripheral neuropathies known as CMT. Although many CMT-linked mutations are in genes that encode putative endosomal proteins, little is known about the requirements of endosomal sorting during myelination. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of HGS disrupts the endosomal sorting pathway in Schwann cells, resulting in hypomyelination, aberrant myelin sheaths, and impairment of the ERBB2/3 receptor pathway. These findings suggest that defective endosomal trafficking of internalized cell surface receptors may be a common mechanism contributing to demyelinating CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W McLean
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Julie A Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Tina Tian
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jennifer A Watson
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Mary VanHart
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Andrew J Bean
- Graduate College, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Steven S Scherer
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294
| | - Eroboghene Ubogu
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
- Division of Neuromuscular Disease, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Scott M Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
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Aberrant Neuregulin 1/ErbB Signaling in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Type 4D Disease. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0055921. [PMID: 35708320 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00559-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4D (CMT4D) is an autosomal recessive demyelinating form of CMT characterized by progressive motor and sensory neuropathy. N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is the causative gene for CMT4D. Although more CMT4D cases have been reported, the comprehensive molecular mechanism underlying CMT4D remains elusive. Here, we generated a novel knockout mouse model in which the fourth and fifth exons of the Ndrg1 gene were removed. Ndrg1-deficient mice develop early progressive demyelinating neuropathy and limb muscle weakness. The expression pattern of myelination-related transcriptional factors, including SOX10, OCT6, and EGR2, was abnormal in Ndrg1-deficient mice. We further investigated the activation of the ErbB2/3 receptor tyrosine kinases in Ndrg1-deficient sciatic nerves, as these proteins play essential roles in Schwann cell myelination. In the absence of NDRG1, although the total ErbB2/3 receptors expressed by Schwann cells were significantly increased, levels of the phosphorylated forms of ErbB2/3 and their downstream signaling cascades were decreased. This change was not associated with the level of the neuregulin 1 ligand, which was increased in Ndrg1-deficient mice. In addition, the integrin β4 receptor, which interacts with ErbB2/3 and positively regulates neuregulin 1/ErbB signaling, was significantly reduced in the Ndrg1-deficient nerve. In conclusion, our data suggest that the demyelinating phenotype of CMT4D disease is at least in part a consequence of molecular defects in neuregulin 1/ErbB signaling.
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Okura A, Inoue K, Sakuma E, Takase H, Ueki T, Mase M. SGK1 in Schwann cells is a potential molecular switch involved in axonal and glial regeneration during peripheral nerve injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 607:158-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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8
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Yang F, Lian M, Ma H, Feng L, Shen X, Chen J, Fang J. Identification of key genes associated with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma characteristics by integrating transcriptome sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Gene 2022; 811:146086. [PMID: 34856364 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) is the most prevalent histological type of thyroid carcinoma. Despite the overall favorable prognosis of PTMC, some cases exhibit aggressive phenotypes. The identification of robust biomarkers may improve early PTMC diagnosis. In this study, we integrated high-throughput transcriptome sequencing, bioinformatic analyses and experimental validation to identify key genes associated with the malignant characteristics of PTMC. METHODS Total RNA was extracted from 24 PTMC samples and 7 non-malignant thyroid tissue samples, followed by RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and used to construct co-expression networks by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed. Key modules and hub genes showing a strong correlation with the malignant characteristics of PTMC were identified and validated. RESULTS The green-yellow and turquoise modules generated by WGCNA were strongly associated with the malignant characteristics of PTMC. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that genes in the green-yellow module participated in cell motility and metabolism, whereas those in the turquoise module participated in several oncogenic biological processes. Nine real hub genes (FHL1, NDRG2, NEXN, SYNM, COL1A1, FN1, LAMC2, POSTN, and TGFBI) were identified and validated at the transcriptional and translational levels. Our preliminary results indicated their diagnostic potentials in PTMC. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified key co-expression modules and nine malignancy-related genes with potential diagnostic value in PTMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100029.
| | - Meng Lian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Hongzhi Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Xixi Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Jiaming Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100730
| | - Jugao Fang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100730; Department of Thyroid Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100730.
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Marechal D, Dansu DK, Castro K, Patzig J, Magri L, Inbar B, Gacias M, Moyon S, Casaccia P. N-myc downstream regulated family member 1 (NDRG1) is enriched in myelinating oligodendrocytes and impacts myelin degradation in response to demyelination. Glia 2022; 70:321-336. [PMID: 34687571 PMCID: PMC8753715 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The N-myc downstream regulated gene family member 1 (NDRG1) is a gene whose mutation results in peripheral neuropathy with central manifestations. While most of previous studies characterized NDRG1 role in Schwann cells, the detection of central nervous system symptoms and the identification of NDRG1 as a gene silenced in the white matter of multiple sclerosis brains raise the question regarding its role in oligodendrocytes. Here, we show that NDRG1 is enriched in oligodendrocytes and myelin preparations, and we characterize its expression using a novel reporter mouse (TgNdrg1-EGFP). We report NDRG1 expression during developmental myelination and during remyelination after cuprizone-induced demyelination of the adult corpus callosum. The transcriptome of Ndrg1-EGFP+ cells further supports the identification of late myelinating oligodendrocytes, characterized by expression of genes regulating lipid metabolism and bioenergetics. We also generate a lineage specific conditional knockout (Olig1cre/+ ;Ndrg1fl/fl ) line to study its function. Null mice develop normally, and despite similar numbers of progenitor cells as wild type, they have fewer mature oligodendrocytes and lower levels of myelin proteins than controls, thereby suggesting NDRG1 as important for the maintenance of late myelinating oligodendrocytes. In addition, when control and Ndrg1 null mice are subject to cuprizone-induced demyelination, we observe a higher degree of demyelination in the mutants. Together these data identify NDRG1 as an important molecule for adult myelinating oligodendrocytes, whose decreased levels in the normal appearing white matter of human MS brains may result in greater susceptibility of myelin to damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Marechal
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - David K. Dansu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kamilah Castro
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia Patzig
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Laura Magri
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Benjamin Inbar
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Mar Gacias
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah Moyon
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, 85 St Nicholas Terrace, New York, NY 10031, USA,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA,Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA,Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA,Corresponding author:
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10
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Hultman J, Jäderlund KH, Moe L, Espenes A, Skedsmo FS. Tongue atrophy as a neurological finding in hereditary polyneuropathy in Alaskan malamutes. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:672-678. [PMID: 35019187 PMCID: PMC8965254 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tongue atrophy with wrinkling as a clinical sign of inherited polyneuropathies has not been reported in dogs. Objectives Clinically describe tongue atrophy as well as morphology of the tongue and hypoglossal nerve in Alaskan malamute polyneuropathy (AMPN). Animals Six client‐owned Alaskan malamute dogs diagnosed with AMPN, all homozygous for the causative mutation in the N‐myc downstream‐regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) and 1 neurologically normal control Alaskan malamute. Methods Prospective case study. Clinical and neurological examinations were performed on affected dogs. Necropsy samples from the tongue muscle and hypoglossal nerve were examined by light and electron microscopy. Results All affected dogs had abnormal wrinkles and grooves on the dorsal surface of the tongue, a clinical sign not described previously in dogs with AMPN. Electromyography of the tongue performed in 2 dogs showed spontaneous activity. Five affected dogs underwent necropsy studies. Histopathology of the tongue showed groups of angular atrophic myofibers and changes in the hypoglossal nerve included thinly myelinated fibers, small onion bulbs, folded myelin, and axonal degeneration. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Histopathologic changes in the tongue and hypoglossal nerve were consistent with previously reported changes in skeletal muscle and other nerves from dogs with AMPN. Therefore, we conclude that macroscopic tongue atrophy is part of the disease phenotype of AMPN and should be considered a potential clinical sign in dogs with polyneuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Hultman
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Karin H Jäderlund
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Lars Moe
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Arild Espenes
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Fredrik S Skedsmo
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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11
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Macsek P, Skoda J, Krchniakova M, Neradil J, Veselska R. Iron-Chelation Treatment by Novel Thiosemicarbazone Targets Major Signaling Pathways in Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010376. [PMID: 35008802 PMCID: PMC8745636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite constant advances in the field of pediatric oncology, the survival rate of high-risk neuroblastoma patients remains poor. The molecular and genetic features of neuroblastoma, such as MYCN amplification and stemness status, have established themselves not only as potent prognostic and predictive factors but also as intriguing targets for personalized therapy. Novel thiosemicarbazones target both total level and activity of a number of proteins involved in some of the most important signaling pathways in neuroblastoma. In this study, we found that di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) potently decreases N-MYC in MYCN-amplified and c-MYC in MYCN-nonamplified neuroblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, DpC succeeded in downregulating total EGFR and phosphorylation of its most prominent tyrosine residues through the involvement of NDRG1, a positive prognostic marker in neuroblastoma, which was markedly upregulated after thiosemicarbazone treatment. These findings could provide useful knowledge for the treatment of MYC-driven neuroblastomas that are unresponsive to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Macsek
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (R.V.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skoda
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (R.V.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Krchniakova
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (R.V.)
| | - Jakub Neradil
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (R.V.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, 662 63 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-549-49-6003
| | - Renata Veselska
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.M.); (J.S.); (M.K.); (R.V.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, 662 63 Brno, Czech Republic
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12
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Santarelli R, Scimemi P, La Morgia C, Cama E, del Castillo I, Carelli V. Electrocochleography in Auditory Neuropathy Related to Mutations in the OTOF or OPA1 Gene. Audiol Res 2021; 11:639-652. [PMID: 34940017 PMCID: PMC8698970 DOI: 10.3390/audiolres11040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Auditory Neuropathy (AN) is characterized by disruption of temporal coding of acoustic signals in auditory nerve fibers resulting in alterations of auditory perceptions. Mutations in several genes have been associated to the most forms of AN. Underlying mechanisms include both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic damage involving inner hair cell (IHC) depolarization, neurotransmitter release, spike initiation in auditory nerve terminals, loss of auditory fibers and impaired conduction. In contrast, outer hair cell (OHC) activities (otoacoustic emissions [OAEs] and cochlear microphonic [CM]) are normal. Disordered synchrony of auditory nerve activity has been suggested as the basis of both the alterations of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and reduction of speech perception. We will review how electrocochleography (ECochG) recordings provide detailed information to help objectively define the sites of auditory neural dysfunction and their effect on receptor summating potential (SP) and neural compound action potential (CAP), the latter reflecting disorders of ribbon synapses and auditory nerve fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Santarelli
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Belzoni 160, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.S.); (E.C.)
- Audiology Service, Santi Giovanni e Paolo Hospital, Campo Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Castello 6777, 30122 Venezia, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Pietro Scimemi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Belzoni 160, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.S.); (E.C.)
- Audiology Service, Santi Giovanni e Paolo Hospital, Campo Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Castello 6777, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Chiara La Morgia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (C.L.M.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elona Cama
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Via Belzoni 160, 35121 Padova, Italy; (P.S.); (E.C.)
- Audiology Service, Santi Giovanni e Paolo Hospital, Campo Santi Giovanni e Paolo, Castello 6777, 30122 Venezia, Italy
| | - Ignacio del Castillo
- Servicio de Genética, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, IRYCIS, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Valerio Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Via Ugo Foscolo 7, 40123 Bologna, Italy; (C.L.M.); (V.C.)
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Via Altura 3, 40139 Bologna, Italy
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13
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Le N, Hufford TM, Park JS, Brewster RM. Differential expression and hypoxia-mediated regulation of the N-myc downstream regulated gene family. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21961. [PMID: 34665878 PMCID: PMC8573611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100443r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms rely on oxygen to generate cellular energy (adenosine triphosphate or ATP). During severe hypoxia, the production of ATP decreases, leading to cell damage or death. Conversely, excessive oxygen causes oxidative stress that is equally damaging to cells. To mitigate pathological outcomes, organisms have evolved mechanisms to adapt to fluctuations in oxygen levels. Zebrafish embryos are remarkably hypoxia-tolerant, surviving anoxia (zero oxygen) for hours in a hypometabolic, energy-conserving state. To begin to unravel underlying mechanisms, we analyze here the distribution of the N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene (ndrg) family, ndrg1-4, and their transcriptional response to hypoxia. These genes have been primarily studied in cancer cells and hence little is understood about their normal function and regulation. We show here using in situ hybridization that ndrgs are expressed in metabolically demanding organs of the zebrafish embryo, such as the brain, kidney, and heart. To investigate whether ndrgs are hypoxia-responsive, we exposed embryos to different durations and severity of hypoxia and analyzed transcript levels. We observed that ndrgs are differentially regulated by hypoxia and that ndrg1a has the most robust response, with a ninefold increase following prolonged anoxia. We further show that this treatment resulted in de novo expression of ndrg1a in tissues where the transcript is not observed under normoxic conditions and changes in Ndrg1a protein expression post-reoxygenation. These findings provide an entry point into understanding the role of this conserved gene family in the adaptation of normal cells to hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet Le
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Timothy M. Hufford
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jong S. Park
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rachel M. Brewster
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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14
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Markworth R, Bähr M, Burk K. Held Up in Traffic-Defects in the Trafficking Machinery in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:695294. [PMID: 34483837 PMCID: PMC8415527 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.695294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), also known as motor and sensory neuropathy, describes a clinically and genetically heterogenous group of disorders affecting the peripheral nervous system. CMT typically arises in early adulthood and is manifested by progressive loss of motor and sensory functions; however, the mechanisms leading to the pathogenesis are not fully understood. In this review, we discuss disrupted intracellular transport as a common denominator in the pathogenesis of different CMT subtypes. Intracellular transport via the endosomal system is essential for the delivery of lipids, proteins, and organelles bidirectionally to synapses and the soma. As neurons of the peripheral nervous system are amongst the longest neurons in the human body, they are particularly susceptible to damage of the intracellular transport system, leading to a loss in axonal integrity and neuronal death. Interestingly, defects in intracellular transport, both in neurons and Schwann cells, have been found to provoke disease. This review explains the mechanisms of trafficking and subsequently summarizes and discusses the latest findings on how defects in trafficking lead to CMT. A deeper understanding of intracellular trafficking defects in CMT will expand our understanding of CMT pathogenesis and will provide novel approaches for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Markworth
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Burk
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, Göttingen, Germany
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15
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Panagopoulos I, Heim S. Interstitial Deletions Generating Fusion Genes. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 18:167-196. [PMID: 33893073 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A fusion gene is the physical juxtaposition of two different genes resulting in a structure consisting of the head of one gene and the tail of the other. Gene fusion is often a primary neoplasia-inducing event in leukemias, lymphomas, solid malignancies as well as benign tumors. Knowledge about fusion genes is crucial not only for our understanding of tumorigenesis, but also for the diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of cancer. Balanced chromosomal rearrangements, in particular translocations and inversions, are the most frequent genetic events leading to the generation of fusion genes. In the present review, we summarize the existing knowledge on chromosome deletions as a mechanism for fusion gene formation. Such deletions are mostly submicroscopic and, hence, not detected by cytogenetic analyses but by array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) and/or high throughput sequencing (HTS). They are found across the genome in a variety of neoplasias. As tumors are increasingly analyzed using aCGH and HTS, it is likely that more interstitial deletions giving rise to fusion genes will be found, significantly impacting our understanding and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Panagopoulos
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Sverre Heim
- Section for Cancer Cytogenetics, Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Ghosh S, Tourtellotte WG. The Complex Clinical and Genetic Landscape of Hereditary Peripheral Neuropathy. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2021; 16:487-509. [PMID: 33497257 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-030320-100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary peripheral neuropathy (HPN) is a complex group of neurological disorders caused by mutations in genes expressed by neurons and Schwann cells. The inheritance of a single mutation or multiple mutations in several genes leads to disease phenotype. Patients exhibit symptoms during development, at an early age or later in adulthood. Most of the mechanistic understanding about these neuropathies comes from animal models and histopathological analyses of postmortem human tissues. Diagnosis is often very complex due to the heterogeneity and overlap in symptoms and the frequent overlap between various genes and different mutations they possess. Some symptoms in HPN are common through different subtypes such as axonal degeneration, demyelination, and loss of motor and sensory neurons, leading to similar physiologic abnormalities. Recent advances in gene-targeted therapies, genetic engineering, and next-generation sequencing have augmented our understanding of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms of HPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA;
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Neurology, and Neurological Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA;
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17
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Mustonen V, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Kursula P, Ruskamo S. Crystal and solution structure of NDRG1, a membrane-binding protein linked to myelination and tumour suppression. FEBS J 2021; 288:3507-3529. [PMID: 33305529 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a tumour suppressor involved in vesicular trafficking and stress response. NDRG1 participates in peripheral nerve myelination, and mutations in the NDRG1 gene lead to Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy. The 43-kDa NDRG1 is considered as an inactive member of the α/β hydrolase superfamily. In addition to a central α/β hydrolase fold domain, NDRG1 consists of a short N terminus and a C-terminal region with three 10-residue repeats. We determined the crystal structure of the α/β hydrolase domain of human NDRG1 and characterised the structure and dynamics of full-length NDRG1. The structure of the α/β hydrolase domain resembles the canonical α/β hydrolase fold with a central β sheet surrounded by α helices. Small-angle X-ray scattering and CD spectroscopy indicated a variable conformation for the N- and C-terminal regions. NDRG1 binds to various types of lipid vesicles, and the conformation of the C-terminal region is modulated upon lipid interaction. Intriguingly, NDRG1 interacts with metal ions, such as nickel, but is prone to aggregation in their presence. Our results uncover the structural and dynamic features of NDRG1, as well as elucidate its interactions with metals and lipids, and encourage studies to identify a putative hydrolase activity of NDRG1. DATABASES: The coordinates and structure factors for the crystal structure of human NDRG1 were deposited to PDB (PDB ID: 6ZMM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Venla Mustonen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
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18
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Genetic mechanisms of peripheral nerve disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135357. [PMID: 33249104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies of genetic etiology are a very diverse group of disorders manifesting either as non-syndromic inherited neuropathies without significant manifestations outside the peripheral nervous system, or as part of a systemic or syndromic genetic disorder. The former and most frequent group is collectively known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), with prevalence as high as 1:2,500 world-wide, and has proven to be genetically highly heterogeneous. More than 100 different genes have been identified so far to cause various CMT forms, following all possible inheritance patterns. CMT causative genes belong to several common functional pathways that are essential for the integrity of the peripheral nerve. Their discovery has provided insights into the normal biology of axons and myelinating cells, and has highlighted the molecular mechanisms including both loss of function and gain of function effects, leading to peripheral nerve degeneration. Demyelinating neuropathies result from dysfunction of genes primarily affecting myelinating Schwann cells, while axonal neuropathies are caused by genes affecting mostly neurons and their long axons. Furthermore, mutation in genes expressed outside the nervous system, as in the case of inherited amyloid neuropathies, may cause peripheral neuropathy resulting from accumulation of β-structured amyloid fibrils in peripheral nerves in addition to various organs. Increasing insights into the molecular-genetic mechanisms have revealed potential therapeutic targets. These will enable the development of novel therapeutics for genetic neuropathies that remain, in their majority, without effective treatment.
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19
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Skedsmo FS, Espenes A, Tranulis MA, Matiasek K, Gunnes G, Bjerkås I, Moe L, Røed SS, Berendt M, Fredholm M, Rohdin C, Shelton GD, Bruheim P, Stafsnes MH, Bartosova Z, Hermansen LC, Stigen Ø, Jäderlund KH. Impaired NDRG1 functions in Schwann cells cause demyelinating neuropathy in a dog model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4D. Neuromuscul Disord 2020; 31:56-68. [PMID: 33334662 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) cause degenerative polyneuropathy in ways that are poorly understood. We have investigated Alaskan Malamute dogs with neuropathy caused by a missense mutation in NDRG1. In affected animals, nerve levels of NDRG1 protein were reduced by more than 70% (p< 0.03). Nerve fibers were thinly myelinated, loss of large myelinated fibers was pronounced and teased fiber preparations showed both demyelination and remyelination. Inclusions of filamentous material containing actin were present in adaxonal Schwann cell cytoplasm and Schmidt-Lanterman clefts. This condition strongly resembles the human Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4D. However, the focally folded myelin with adaxonal infoldings segregating the axon found in this study are ultrastructural changes not described in the human disease. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis revealed a profound loss of peripheral nerve lipids. Our data suggest that the low levels of mutant NDRG1 is insufficient to support Schwann cells in maintaining myelin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik S Skedsmo
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Arild Espenes
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Veterinärstr. 13, D-80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inge Bjerkås
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Moe
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Susan Skogtvedt Røed
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Berendt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlægevej 16, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Merete Fredholm
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Rohdin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ultunaalléen 5A, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden; Anicura Albano Small Animal Hospital, Rinkebyvägen 21, 182 36 Danderyd, Sweden
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0709, United States of America
| | - Per Bruheim
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Marit H Stafsnes
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Zdenka Bartosova
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lene C Hermansen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Universitetstunet 3, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Øyvind Stigen
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin H Jäderlund
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ullevålsveien 72, 0454 Oslo, Norway
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20
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Xiong YC, Chen T, Yang XB, Deng CL, Ning QL, Quan R, Yu XR. 17β-Oestradiol Attenuates the Photoreceptor Apoptosis in Mice with Retinitis Pigmentosa by Regulating N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene 2 Expression. Neuroscience 2020; 452:280-294. [PMID: 33246060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of retinal degenerative diseases in which the final pathological feature is photoreceptor cell apoptosis. Currently, the pathogenesis of RP remains poorly understood and therapeutics are ineffective. 17β-Oestradiol (βE2) is universally acknowledged as a neuroprotective factor in neurodegenerative diseases and has manifested neuroprotective effects in a light-induced retinal degeneration model. Recently, we identified N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) suppression as a molecular marker of mouse retinal photoreceptor-specific cell death. βE2 has also been reported to regulate NDRG2 in salivary acinar cells. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether βE2 plays a protective role in RP and regulates NDRG2 in photoreceptor cells. To this end, we generated RP models and observed that βE2 not only reduced the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells, but also restored the level of NDRG2 expression in RP models. Then, we showed that siNDRG2 inhibits the anti-apoptotic effect of βE2 on photoreceptor cells in a cellular RP model. Subsequently, we used a classic oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist to attenuate the effects of βE2, suggesting that βE2 exerted its effects on RP models via the classic ERs. In addition, we performed a bioinformatics analysis, and the results indicated that the reported oestrogen response element (ERE) sequence is present in the promoter region of the mouse NDRG2 gene. Overall, our results suggest that βE2 attenuated the apoptosis of photoreceptor cells in RP models by maintaining NDRG2 expression via a classic ER-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Bei Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Chun-Lei Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qi-Lan Ning
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Rui Quan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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21
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Park KC, Paluncic J, Kovacevic Z, Richardson DR. Pharmacological targeting and the diverse functions of the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, in cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 157:154-175. [PMID: 31132412 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) is a potent metastasis suppressor that is regulated by hypoxia, metal ions including iron, the free radical nitric oxide (NO.), and various stress stimuli. This intriguing molecule exhibits diverse functions in cancer, inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration and angiogenesis by modulation of a plethora of oncogenes via cellular signaling. Thus, pharmacological targeting of NDRG1 signaling in cancer is a promising therapeutic strategy. Of note, novel anti-tumor agents of the di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone series, which exert the "double punch" mechanism by binding metal ions to form redox-active complexes, have been demonstrated to markedly up-regulate NDRG1 expression in cancer cells. This review describes the mechanisms underlying NDRG1 modulation by the thiosemicarbazones and the diverse effects NDRG1 exerts in cancer. As a major induction mechanism, iron depletion appears critical, with NO. also inducing NDRG1 through its ability to bind iron and generate dinitrosyl-dithiol iron complexes, which are then effluxed from cells. Apart from its potent anti-metastatic role, several studies have reported a pro-oncogenic role of NDRG1 in a number of cancer-types. Hence, it has been suggested that NDRG1 plays pleiotropic roles depending on the cancer-type. The molecular mechanism(s) underlying NDRG1 pleiotropy remain elusive, but are linked to differential regulation of WNT signaling and potentially differential interaction with the tumor suppressor, PTEN. This review discusses NDRG1 induction mechanisms by metal ions and NO. and both the anti- and possible pro-oncogenic functions of NDRG1 in multiple cancer-types and compares the opposite effects this protein exerts on cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Chan Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Jasmina Paluncic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Zaklina Kovacevic
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Discipline of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Medical Foundation Building (K25), The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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22
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Giudetti AM, Guerra F, Longo S, Beli R, Romano R, Manganelli F, Nolano M, Mangini V, Santoro L, Bucci C. An altered lipid metabolism characterizes Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2B peripheral neuropathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158805. [PMID: 32829064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie Tooth type 2B (CMT2B) is a rare inherited peripheral neuropathy caused by five missense mutations in the RAB7A gene, which encodes a small GTPase of the RAB family. Currently, no cure is available for this disease. In this study, we approached the disease by comparing the lipid metabolism of CMT2B-derived fibroblasts to that of healthy controls. We found that CMT2B cells showed increased monounsaturated fatty acid level and increased expression of key enzymes of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis. Moreover, in CMT2B cells a higher expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), key enzymes of de novo fatty acid synthesis, with a concomitantly increased [1-14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids, was observed. The expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2, a rate-limiting enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis, as well as triacylglycerol levels were increased in CMT2B compared to control cells. In addition, as RAB7A controls lipid droplet breakdown and lipid droplet dynamics have been linked to diseases, we analyzed these organelles and showed that in CMT2B cells there is a strong accumulation of lipid droplets compared to control cells, thus reinforcing our data on abnormal lipid metabolism in CMT2B. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ACC and FAS expression levels changed upon RAB7 silencing or overexpression in HeLa cells, thus suggesting that metabolic modifications observed in CMT2B-derived fibroblasts can be, at least in part, related to RAB7 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Flora Guerra
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Serena Longo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Raffaella Beli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Roberta Romano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fiore Manganelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Nolano
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Department of Neurology of Telese Terme Institute, 82037 Telese Terme, Benevento, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mangini
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 73010 Arnesano (LE), Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Odontostomatology, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bucci
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Monteroni n. 165, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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23
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Ng SS, Park JE, Meng W, Chen CP, Kalaria RN, McCarthy NE, Sze SK. Pulsed SILAM Reveals In Vivo Dynamics of Murine Brain Protein Translation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13528-13540. [PMID: 32566817 PMCID: PMC7301365 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Identification of proteins that are synthesized de novo in response to specific microenvironmental cues is critical for understanding molecular mechanisms that underpin vital physiological processes and pathologies. Here, we report that a brief period of SILAM (Stable Isotope Labeling of Mammals) diet enables the determination of biological functions corresponding to actively translating proteins in the mouse brain. Our results demonstrate that the synapse, dendrite, and myelin sheath are highly active neuronal structures that display rapid protein synthesis, producing key mediators of chemical signaling as well as nutrient sensing, lipid metabolism, and amyloid precursor protein processing/stability. Together, these findings confirm that protein metabolic activity varies significantly between brain functional units in vivo. Our data indicate that pulsed SILAM approaches can unravel complex protein expression dynamics in the murine brain and identify active synthetic pathways and associated functions that are likely impaired in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ser Sue Ng
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Park
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Wei Meng
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
| | - Christopher P. Chen
- Memory,
Aging and Cognition Centre, National University
Health System, 1E Kent
Ridge Road, 119228 Singapore
- Department
of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD3, 16 Medical Drive, 117600 Singapore
| | - Raj N. Kalaria
- Institute
of Neuroscience, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle
upon Tyne NE4 5PL, U.K.
| | - Neil E. McCarthy
- Centre
for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Bart’s and The London
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen
Mary University of London, 4 Newark St, London E1
2AT, U.K.
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School
of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological
University, 60 Nanyang Drive, 637551 Singapore
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24
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MOOSAVI RS, JAHANGIR SOOLTANI N, HOUSHMAND M. Investigation of Mutations in Exon 14 of SH3TC2 Gene and Exon 7 of NDRG1 Gene in Iranian Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Type 4 (CMT4D) Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2020; 14:93-100. [PMID: 32256628 PMCID: PMC7085125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Charcot-Marie-tooth disease type 4 (CMT4D) is an autosomal recessive form of Charcot-Marie-tooth disease with an earlier age of onset and greater severity, compared to other types of this disease. CMT4C and CMT4D are the most prevalent subtypes in Mediterranean countries due to the higher rate of consanguineous marriage. In this study, we aimed to identify p.R148X mutation in NDRG1 gene and p.R1109X mutation in SH3TC2 gene (responsible for CMT4D and CMT4C, respectively) and to investigate other possible nucleotide changes in exon 14 of SH3TC2 gene and exon 7 of NDRG1 gene in an Iranian population. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 24 CMT4D patients, who were referred to Iran Special Medical Center, were clinically and electrophysiologically evaluated in this study. DNA was extracted from the patients' blood samples. Next, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was carried out, and the products were sequenced and analyzed in FinchTV software. RESULTS None of the target mutations were found in this study. Sequencing of SH3TC2 gene showed SNP rs1025476 (g.57975C>T) in 21 (87.5%) patients, including 7 homozygous and 14 heterozygous individuals. CONCLUSION Despite the high rate of mutations in some populations, it seems that they are very rare in Iranian CMT4D patients. Regarding the association of SNP rs1025476 with CMT4D, further assessments are needed to reach a better understanding of genetic markers and their genetic features and to propose better diagnostic and treatment plans for the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmaneh Sadat MOOSAVI
- Science and Research Branch of Islamic Azad University, Islamic Republic of Iran, Niloofar Jahangir Soltani
| | - Niloofar JAHANGIR SOOLTANI
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud HOUSHMAND
- Department of National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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25
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Li Z, Lin J, Sibley AB, Truong T, Chua KC, Jiang Y, McCarthy J, Kroetz DL, Allen A, Owzar K. Efficient estimation of grouped survival models. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:269. [PMID: 31138120 PMCID: PMC6540566 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2899-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Time- and dose-to-event phenotypes used in basic science and translational studies are commonly measured imprecisely or incompletely due to limitations of the experimental design or data collection schema. For example, drug-induced toxicities are not reported by the actual time or dose triggering the event, but rather are inferred from the cycle or dose to which the event is attributed. This exemplifies a prevalent type of imprecise measurement called grouped failure time, where times or doses are restricted to discrete increments. Failure to appropriately account for the grouped nature of the data, when present, may lead to biased analyses. Results We present groupedSurv, an R package which implements a statistically rigorous and computationally efficient approach for conducting genome-wide analyses based on grouped failure time phenotypes. Our approach accommodates adjustments for baseline covariates, and analysis at the variant or gene level. We illustrate the statistical properties of the approach and computational performance of the package by simulation. We present the results of a reanalysis of a published genome-wide study to identify common germline variants associated with the risk of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy in breast cancer patients. Conclusions groupedSurv enables fast and rigorous genome-wide analysis on the basis of grouped failure time phenotypes at the variant, gene or pathway level. The package is freely available under a public license through the Comprehensive R Archive Network. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2899-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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26
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Ito H, Watari K, Shibata T, Miyamoto T, Murakami Y, Nakahara Y, Izumi H, Wakimoto H, Kuwano M, Abe T, Ono M. Bidirectional Regulation between NDRG1 and GSK3β Controls Tumor Growth and Is Targeted by Differentiation Inducing Factor-1 in Glioblastoma. Cancer Res 2019; 80:234-248. [PMID: 31723002 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of potent and selective therapeutic approaches to glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most aggressive primary brain tumors, requires identification of molecular pathways that critically regulate the survival and proliferation of GBM. Previous studies have reported that deregulated expression of N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) affects tumor growth and clinical outcomes of patients with various types of cancer including glioma. Here, we show that high level expression of NDRG1 in tumors significantly correlated with better prognosis of patients with GBM. Loss of NDRG1 in GBM cells upregulated GSK3β levels and promoted cell proliferation, which was reversed by selective inhibitors of GSK3β. In contrast, NDRG1 overexpression suppressed growth of GBM cells by decreasing GSK3β levels via proteasomal degradation and by suppressing AKT and S6 cell growth signaling, as well as cell-cycle signaling pathways. Conversely, GSK3β phosphorylated serine and threonine sites in the C-terminal domain of NDRG1 and limited the protein stability of NDRG1. Furthermore, treatment with differentiation inducing factor-1, a small molecule derived from Dictyostelium discoideum, enhanced NDRG1 expression, decreased GSK3β expression, and exerted marked NDRG1-dependent antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, this study revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which NDRG1 inhibits GBM proliferation and progression. Our study thus identifies the NDRG1/GSK3β signaling pathway as a key growth regulatory program in GBM, and suggests enhancing NDRG1 expression in GBM as a potent strategy toward the development of anti-GBM therapeutics. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies NDRG1 as a potent and endogenous suppressor of glioblastoma cell growth, suggesting the clinical benefits of NDRG1-targeted therapeutics against glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Watari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Murakami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Cancer Translational Research Center, St. Mary's Institute of Health Sciences, St, Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakahara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hiroto Izumi
- Department of Occupational Pneumology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michihiko Kuwano
- Cancer Translational Research Center, St. Mary's Institute of Health Sciences, St, Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Abe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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27
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Schonkeren SL, Massen M, van der Horst R, Koch A, Vaes N, Melotte V. Nervous NDRGs: the N-myc downstream-regulated gene family in the central and peripheral nervous system. Neurogenetics 2019; 20:173-186. [PMID: 31485792 PMCID: PMC6754360 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The N-Myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) family consists of four members (NDRG1, NDRG2, NDRG3, NDRG4) that are differentially expressed in various organs and function in important processes, like cell proliferation and differentiation. In the last couple of decades, interest in this family has risen due to its connection with several disorders of the nervous system including Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and dementia, as well as nervous system cancers. By combining a literature review with in silico data analysis of publicly available datasets, such as the Mouse Brain Atlas, BrainSpan, the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets, this review summarizes the expression and functions of the NDRG family in the healthy and diseased nervous system. We here show that the NDRGs have a differential, relatively cell type-specific, expression pattern in the nervous system. Even though NDRGs share functionalities, like a role in vesicle trafficking, stress response, and neurite outgrowth, other functionalities seem to be unique to a specific member, e.g., the role of NDRG1 in myelination. Furthermore, mutations, phosphorylation, or changes in expression of NDRGs are related to nervous system diseases, including peripheral neuropathy and different forms of dementia. Moreover, NDRG1, NDRG2, and NDRG4 are all involved in cancers of the nervous system, such as glioma, neuroblastoma, or meningioma. All in all, our review elucidates that although the NDRGs belong to the same gene family and share some functional features, they should be considered unique in their expression patterns and functional importance for nervous system development and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone L Schonkeren
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Massen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raisa van der Horst
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Vaes
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Arabidopsis NDL-AGB1 modules Play Role in Abiotic Stress and Hormonal Responses Along with Their Specific Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194736. [PMID: 31554237 PMCID: PMC6801982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis N-MYC Downregulated Like Proteins (NDLs) are interacting partners of G-Protein core components. Animal homologs of the gene family N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG) has been found to be induced during hypoxia, DNA damage, in presence of reducing agent, increased intracellular calcium level and in response to metal ions like nickel and cobalt, which indicates the involvement of the gene family during stress responses. ArabidopsisNDL gene family contains three homologs NDL1, NDL2 and NDL3 which share up to 75% identity at protein level. Previous studies on NDL proteins involved detailed characterization of the role of NDL1; roles of other two members were also established in root and shoot development using miRNA knockdown approach. Role of entire family in development has been established but specific functions of NDL2 and NDL3 if any are still unknown. Our in-silico analysis of NDLs promoters reveled that all three members share some common and some specific transcription factors (TFs) binding sites, hinting towards their common as well as specific functions. Based on promoter elements characteristics, present study was designed to carry out comparative analysis of the Arabidopsis NDL family during different stages of plant development, under various abiotic stresses and plant hormonal responses, in order to find out their specific and combined roles in plant growth and development. Developmental analysis using GUS fusion revealed specific localization/expression during different stages of development for all three family members. Stress analysis after treatment with various hormonal and abiotic stresses showed stress and tissue-specific differential expression patterns for all three NDL members. All three NDL members were collectively showed role in dehydration stress along with specific responses to various treatments. Their specific expression patterns were affected by presence of interacting partner the Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G-protein β subunit 1 (AGB1). The present study will improve our understanding of the possible molecular mechanisms of action of the independent NDL–AGB1 modules during stress and hormonal responses. These findings also suggest potential use of this knowledge for crop improvement.
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29
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Bogenpohl JW, Smith ML, Farris SP, Dumur CI, Lopez MF, Becker HC, Grant KA, Miles MF. Cross-Species Co-analysis of Prefrontal Cortex Chronic Ethanol Transcriptome Responses in Mice and Monkeys. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:197. [PMID: 31456662 PMCID: PMC6701453 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent extensive genomic and genetic studies on behavioral responses to ethanol, relatively few new therapeutic targets for the treatment of alcohol use disorder have been validated. Here, we describe a cross-species genomic approach focused on identifying gene networks associated with chronic ethanol consumption. To identify brain mechanisms underlying a chronic ethanol consumption phenotype highly relevant to human alcohol use disorder, and to elucidate potential future therapeutic targets, we conducted a genomic study in a non-human primate model of chronic open-access ethanol consumption. Microarray analysis of RNA expression in anterior cingulate and subgenual cortices from rhesus macaques was performed across multiple cohorts of animals. Gene networks correlating with ethanol consumption or showing enrichment for ethanol-regulated genes were identified, as were major ethanol-related hub genes within these networks. A subsequent consensus module analysis was used to co-analyze monkey data with expression data from a chronic intermittent ethanol vapor-exposure and consumption model in C57BL/6J mice. Ethanol-related gene networks conserved between primates and rodents were enriched for genes involved in discrete biological functions, including; myelination, synaptic transmission, chromatin modification, Golgi apparatus function, translation, cellular respiration, and RNA processing. The myelin-related network, in particular, showed strong correlations with ethanol consumption behavior and displayed marked network reorganization between control and ethanol-drinking animals. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed that these networks also showed highly significant overlap with other ethanol-regulated gene sets. Altogether, these studies provide robust primate and rodent cross-species validation of gene networks associated with chronic ethanol consumption. Our results also suggest potential novel focal points for future therapeutic interventions in alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Bogenpohl
- Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, United States
| | - Maren L Smith
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Sean P Farris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Catherine I Dumur
- Aurora Diagnostics-Sonic Healthcare, Bernhardt Laboratories, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Marcelo F Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Howard C Becker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kathleen A Grant
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States.,Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, United States
| | - Michael F Miles
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,VCU Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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30
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Skedsmo FS, Tranulis MA, Espenes A, Prydz K, Matiasek K, Gunnes G, Hermansen LC, Jäderlund KH. Cell and context-dependent sorting of neuropathy-associated protein NDRG1 - insights from canine tissues and primary Schwann cell cultures. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:121. [PMID: 31029158 PMCID: PMC6487035 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) can cause degenerative polyneuropathy in humans, dogs, and rodents. In humans, this motor and sensory neuropathy is known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D, and it is assumed that analogous canine diseases can be used as models for this disease. NDRG1 is also regarded as a metastasis-suppressor in several malignancies. The tissue distribution of NDRG1 has been described in humans and rodents, but this has not been studied in the dog. RESULTS By immunolabeling and Western blotting, we present a detailed mapping of NDRG1 in dog tissues and primary canine Schwann cell cultures, with particular emphasis on peripheral nerves. High levels of phosphorylated NDRG1 appear in distinct subcellular localizations of the Schwann cells, suggesting signaling-driven rerouting of the protein. In a nerve from an Alaskan malamute homozygous for the disease-causing Gly98Val mutation in NDRG1, this signal was absent. Furthermore, NDRG1 is present in canine epithelial cells, predominantly in the cytosolic compartment, often with basolateral localization. Constitutive expression also occurs in mesenchymal cells, including developing spermatids that are transiently positive for NDRG1. In some cells, NDRG1 localize to centrosomes. CONCLUSIONS Overall, canine NDRG1 shows a cell and context-dependent localization. Our data from peripheral nerves and primary Schwann cell cultures suggest that the subcellular localization of NDRG1 in Schwann cells is dynamically influenced by signaling events leading to reversible phosphorylation of the protein. We propose that disease-causing mutations in NDRG1 can disrupt signaling in myelinating Schwann cells, causing disturbance in myelin homeostasis and axonal-glial cross talk, thereby precipitating polyneuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik S Skedsmo
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael A Tranulis
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild Espenes
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Prydz
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Section of Clinical & Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Gjermund Gunnes
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene C Hermansen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Karin H Jäderlund
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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Canine neuropathies: powerful spontaneous models for human hereditary sensory neuropathies. Hum Genet 2019; 138:455-466. [PMID: 30955094 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In humans, hereditary sensory neuropathies (HSN), also known as hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies (HSAN), constitute a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by progressive sensory loss, often accompanied by chronic skin ulcerations and nail dystrophic changes. To date, although around 20 genes have already been discovered, they do not explain the genetic causes of all patients. In dogs, similar neuropathies are also diagnosed, several breeds being predisposed to specific forms of the disease. Indeed, the breed specificity of most canine genetic diseases is due to the small numbers of founders and high levels of inbreeding. Recent knowledge and tools developed to study the canine genome efficiently allows deciphering the genetic bases of such diseases. To date, a dozen breeds are recognized to develop specific HSN. For the Border collie and hunting dog breeds, the genes involved have recently been discovered. Other affected breeds thus constitute potential genetic models, with new genes to be found in dogs that can be considered as candidate genes for human HSAN/HSN. Here, we review the different forms of human and canine HSAN/HSN and we present a novel form in Fox terrier cases, highlighting the advantages of the dog model for such rare human diseases.
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Upregulation of NDRG1 predicts poor outcome and facilitates disease progression by influencing the EMT process in bladder cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5166. [PMID: 30914736 PMCID: PMC6435802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is an intracellular protein involved in cell differentiation and was recently reported to exert various effects in several cancers. However, its expression and role in bladder cancer remain unclear. Our study enrolled 100 bladder cancer patients to detect NDRG1 expression in tumour tissues by immunohistochemistry. Correlations between NDRG1 expression and clinical factors were analysed. An NDRG1 overexpression plasmid and NDRG1 siRNAs were transfected into bladder cancer cell lines. Cell biological behaviours were assessed by CCK-8, flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays. Additionally, the influence of NDRG1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was investigated by western blotting and real-time PCR. NDRG1 expression in urine from bladder cancer patients was examined by ELISA. NDRG1 protein levels were significantly increased in bladder cancer patients and correlated with tumour stage (p = 0.025), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.034) and overall survival (p = 0.016). Patients with high NDRG1 expression had poorer outcomes than those with low NDRG1 expression. NDRG1 overexpression was associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and decreased apoptotic cell numbers; NDRG1 knockdown resulted in the inverse effects. Moreover, upregulated NDRG1 expression was associated with downregulated Cytokeratin 7 and Claudin-1 expression and upregulated N-cad, β-catenin and slug expression. Downregulated NDRG1 expression was associated with the inverse effects. Urine protein levels could distinguish bladder cancer patients from healthy controls, with an area under the curve of 0.909. NDRG1 promoted EMT in bladder cancer and could be an effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in bladder cancer patients.
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Murakami T, Sunada Y. Schwann Cell and the Pathogenesis of Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:301-321. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Vaes N, Schonkeren SL, Brosens E, Koch A, McCann CJ, Thapar N, Hofstra RM, van Engeland M, Melotte V. A combined literature and in silico analysis enlightens the role of the NDRG family in the gut. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2140-2151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Hu CB, Sui BD, Wang BY, Li G, Hu CH, Zheng CX, Du FY, Zhu CH, Li HB, Feng Y, Jin Y, Yu XR. NDRG2 suppression as a molecular hallmark of photoreceptor-specific cell death in the mouse retina. Cell Death Discov 2018; 4:32. [PMID: 30245855 PMCID: PMC6135825 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-018-0101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoreceptor cell death is recognized as the key pathogenesis of retinal degeneration, but the molecular basis underlying photoreceptor-specific cell loss in retinal damaging conditions is virtually unknown. The N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG) family has recently been reported to regulate cell viability, in particular NDRG1 has been uncovered expression in photoreceptor cells. Accordingly, we herein examined the potential roles of NDRGs in mediating photoreceptor-specific cell loss in retinal damages. By using mouse models of retinal degeneration and the 661 W photoreceptor cell line, we showed that photoreceptor cells are indeed highly sensitive to light exposure and the related oxidative stress, and that photoreceptor cells are even selectively diminished by phototoxins of the alkylating agent N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Unexpectedly, we discovered that of all the NDRG family members, NDRG2, but not the originally hypothesized NDRG1 or other NDRG subtypes, was selectively expressed and specifically responded to retinal damaging conditions in photoreceptor cells. Furthermore, functional experiments proved that NDRG2 was essential for photoreceptor cell viability, which could be attributed to NDRG2 control of the photo-oxidative stress, and that it was the suppression of NDRG2 which led to photoreceptor cell loss in damaging conditions. More importantly, NDRG2 preservation contributed to photoreceptor-specific cell maintenance and retinal protection both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings revealed a previously unrecognized role of NDRG2 in mediating photoreceptor cell homeostasis and established for the first time the molecular hallmark of photoreceptor-specific cell death as NDRG2 suppression, shedding light on improved understanding and therapy of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Biao Hu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Bing-Dong Sui
- 3State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Bao-Ying Wang
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Gao Li
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,5Department of Stomatology, The People's Hospital of Zhangqiu City, 250200 Zhangqiu, Shandong China
| | - Cheng-Hu Hu
- 3State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Chen-Xi Zheng
- 3State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Fang-Ying Du
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Chun-Hui Zhu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Hong-Bo Li
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Yan Feng
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
| | - Yan Jin
- 3State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 710032 Xi'an, Shaanxi China
| | - Xiao-Rui Yu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, 710061 Xi'an, Shaanxi China.,2Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi Sheng China
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A novel homozygous NDRG1 mutation in a Chinese patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4D. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 53:231-234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sevinsky CJ, Khan F, Kokabee L, Darehshouri A, Maddipati KR, Conklin DS. NDRG1 regulates neutral lipid metabolism in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:55. [PMID: 29898756 PMCID: PMC6001025 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Altered lipid metabolism is an emerging hallmark of aggressive breast cancers. The N-myc downstream regulated gene (NDRG1) gene plays a critical role in peripheral nervous system myelination, as inactivating mutations cause severe demyelinating neuropathy. In breast cancer, elevated NDRG1 expression has been linked to clinical outcomes, but its functional role in breast cancer physiology has remained unclear. Methods A meta-analysis of NDRG1 expression in multiple large publicly available genomic databases was conducted. Genome-wide expression correlation and Cox proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier modeling of clinical outcomes associated with elevated expression were assessed. To study NDRG1 function, gene silencing and overexpression phenotypic studies were carried out in a panel of cell lines representing all major breast cancer molecular subtypes. Changes in cell proliferation, morphology, and neutral lipid accumulation due to altered NDRG1 expression were assessed by high throughput, quantitative microscopy. Comprehensive lipidomics mass spectrometry was applied to characterize global changes in lipid species due to NDRG1 silencing. Labeled fatty acids were used to monitor cellular fatty acid uptake and subcellular distribution under nutrient replete and starvation culture conditions. Results NDRG1 overexpression correlated with glycolytic and hypoxia-associated gene expression, and was associated with elevated rates of metastasis and patient mortality. Silencing NDRG1 reduced cell proliferation rates, causing lipid metabolism dysfunction including increased fatty acid incorporation into neutral lipids and lipid droplets. Conversely, NDRG1 expression minimized lipid droplet formation under nutrient replete and starvation conditions. Conclusions Here we report that NDRG1 contributes to breast cancer aggressiveness by regulating the fate of lipids in cells that exhibit an altered lipid metabolic phenotype. In line with its role in promoting myelination and its association with altered metabolism in cancer, our findings show that NDRG1 is a critical regulator of lipid fate in breast cancer cells. The association between NDRG1 and poor prognosis in breast cancer suggests it should play a more prominent role in patient risk assessment. The function of NDRG1 in breast cancer lipid metabolism may represent a promising therapeutic approach in the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-0980-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Sevinsky
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Albany, CRC 342, One Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, 12144-3456, USA
| | - Faiza Khan
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Albany, CRC 342, One Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, 12144-3456, USA
| | - Leila Kokabee
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Albany, CRC 342, One Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, 12144-3456, USA
| | - Anza Darehshouri
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Krishna Rao Maddipati
- Lipidomics Core Facility, Wayne State University, 435 Chemistry Bldg., Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Douglas S Conklin
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, University at Albany, CRC 342, One Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, 12144-3456, USA.
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Ly PTT, Stewart C, Pallen CJ. PTPα is required for laminin-2-induced Fyn-Akt signaling to drive oligodendrocyte differentiation. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.212076. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.212076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrinsic signals that regulate oligodendrocyte maturation and subsequent myelination are essential for central nervous system development and regeneration. Deficiency in the extracellular factor laminin-2 (Lm2), as occurs in congenital muscular dystrophy, can lead to impaired oligodendroglial development and aberrant myelination, but many aspects of Lm2-regulated oligodendroglial signaling and differentiation remain undefined. We show that receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTPα) is essential for myelin basic protein expression and cell spreading during Lm2-induced oligodendrocyte differentiation. PTPα complexes with the Lm2 receptors α6β1 integrin and dystroglycan to transduce Fyn activation upon Lm2 engagement. In this way, PTPα mediates a subset of Lm2-induced signals required for differentiation that includes mTOR-dependent Akt activation but not Erk activation. We identify N-myc downstream regulated gene-1 (NDRG1) as a PTPα-regulated molecule during oligodendrocyte differentiation and distinguish Lm2 receptor-specific modes of Fyn-Akt-dependent and -independent NDRG1 phosphorylation. Altogether, this reveals a Lm2-regulated PTPα-Fyn-Akt signaling axis that is critical for key aspects of the gene expression and morphological changes that mark oligodendrocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T. T. Ly
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Craig Stewart
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Catherine J. Pallen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada
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39
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Li LX, Liu GL, Liu ZJ, Lu C, Wu ZY. Identification and functional characterization of two missense mutations in NDRG1 associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1569-1578. [PMID: 28776325 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4D (CMT4D) is an autosomal-recessive demyelinating form of CMT characterized by a severe distal motor and sensory neuropathy. NDRG1 is the causative gene for CMT4D. To date, only four mutations in NDRG1 -c.442C>T (p.Arg148*), c.739delC (p.His247Thrfs*74), c.538-1G>A, and duplication of exons 6-8-have been described in CMT4D patients. Here, using targeted next-generation sequencing examination, we identified for the first time two homozygous missense variants in NDRG1, c.437T>C (p.Leu146Pro) and c.701G>A (p.Arg234Gln), in two Chinese CMT families with consanguineous histories. Further functional studies were performed to characterize the biological effects of these variants. Cell culture transfection studies showed that mutant NDRG1 carrying p.Leu146Pro, p.Arg148*, or p.Arg234Gln variant degraded faster than wild-type NDRG1, resulting in lower protein levels. Live cell confocal microscopy and coimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated that these variants did not disrupt the interaction between NDRG1 and Rab4a protein. However, NDRG1-knockdown cells expressing mutant NDRG1 displayed enlarged Rab4a-positive compartments. Moreover, mutant NDRG1 could not enhance the uptake of DiI-LDL or increase the fraction of low-density lipoprotein receptor on the cell surface. Taken together, our study described two missense mutations in NDRG1 and emphasized the important role of NDRG1 in intracellular protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xi Li
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gong-Lu Liu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology and Research Center of Neurology in Second Affiliated Hospital, and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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40
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Haidar M, Timmerman V. Autophagy as an Emerging Common Pathomechanism in Inherited Peripheral Neuropathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:143. [PMID: 28553203 PMCID: PMC5425483 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPNs) comprise a growing list of genetically heterogeneous diseases. With mutations in more than 80 genes being reported to cause IPNs, a wide spectrum of functional consequences is expected to follow this genotypic diversity. Hence, the search for a common pathomechanism among the different phenotypes has become the holy grail of functional research into IPNs. During the last decade, studies on several affected genes have shown a direct and/or indirect correlation with autophagy. Autophagy, a cellular homeostatic process, is required for the removal of cell aggregates, long-lived proteins and dead organelles from the cell in double-membraned vesicles destined for the lysosomes. As an evolutionarily highly conserved process, autophagy is essential for the survival and proper functioning of the cell. Recently, neuronal cells have been shown to be particularly vulnerable to disruption of the autophagic pathway. Furthermore, autophagy has been shown to be affected in various common neurodegenerative diseases of both the central and the peripheral nervous system including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review we provide an overview of the genes involved in hereditary neuropathies which are linked to autophagy and we propose the disruption of the autophagic flux as an emerging common pathomechanism. We also shed light on the different steps of the autophagy pathway linked to these genes. Finally, we review the concept of autophagy being a therapeutic target in IPNs, and the possibilities and challenges of this pathway-specific targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Haidar
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
| | - Vincent Timmerman
- Peripheral Neuropathy Research Group, Institute Born Bunge, University of AntwerpAntwerpen, Belgium
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41
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Piscosquito G, Magri S, Saveri P, Milani M, Ciano C, Farina L, Taroni F, Pareyson D. A novelNDRG1mutation in a non-Romani patient with CMT4D/HMSN-Lom. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2017; 22:47-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jns.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Piscosquito
- Unit of Rare Neurological Diseases of Adulthood, Department of Clinical Neurosciences; IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology; IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Paola Saveri
- Unit of Rare Neurological Diseases of Adulthood, Department of Clinical Neurosciences; IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Micaela Milani
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology; IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Claudia Ciano
- Neurophysiopathology and Epilepsy Centre, Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology; IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Laura Farina
- Unit of Neuroradiology, Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology; IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Genetics of Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Disease, Department of Diagnostics and Applied Technology; IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurological Diseases of Adulthood, Department of Clinical Neurosciences; IRCCS Foundation, “C. Besta” Neurological Institute; Milan Italy
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42
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Gon Y, Maruoka S, Kishi H, Kozu Y, Kazumichi K, Nomura Y, Takeshita I, Oshima T, Hashimoto S. NDRG1 is important to maintain the integrity of airway epithelial barrier through claudin-9 expression. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:716-725. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yutaka Kozu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Kuroda Kazumichi
- Division of Microbiology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nomura
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Ikuko Takeshita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Takeshi Oshima
- Division of Otolaryngology; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
| | - Shu Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine; Nihon University School of Medicine; 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho Itabashiku Tokyo 173-8610 Japan
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43
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HMSN Lom in 12 Czech patients, with one unusual case due to uniparental isodisomy of chromosome 8. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:431-435. [PMID: 28003645 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy-type Lom (HMSNL), also known as CMT4D, a demyelinating neuropathy with late-onset deafness is an autosomal recessive disorder threatening Roma population worldwide. The clinical phenotype was reported in several case reports before the gene discovery. HMSNL is caused by a homozygous founder mutation p.Arg148* in the N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1. Here, we report findings from the Czech Republic, where HMSNL was found in 12 Czech patients from eight families. In these 12 patients, 11 of the causes were due to p.Arg148* mutation inherited from both parents by the autosomal recessive mechanism. But in one case, the recessive mutation was inherited only from one parent (father) and unmasked owing to an uniparental isodisomy of the entire chromosome eight. The inherited peripheral neuropathy owing to an isodisomy of the whole chromosome pointed to an interesting, less frequent possibility of recessive disease and complications with genetic counseling.
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44
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Effects of NDRG1 family proteins on photoreceptor outer segment morphology in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36590. [PMID: 27811999 PMCID: PMC5095670 DOI: 10.1038/srep36590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rods and cones are functionally and morphologically distinct. We previously identified N-myc downstream-regulated gene 1b (ndrg1b) in carp as a cone-specific gene. Here, we show that NDRG1b and its paralog, NDRG1a-1, contribute to photoreceptor outer segment (OS) formation in zebrafish. In adult zebrafish photoreceptors, NDRG1a-1 was localized in the entire cone plasma membranes, and also in rod plasma membranes except its OS. NDRG1b was expressed specifically in cones in the entire plasma membranes. In a developing retina, NDRG1a-1 was expressed in the photoreceptor layer, and NDRG1b in the photoreceptor layer plus inner nuclear layer. Based on our primary knockdown study suggesting that both proteins are involved in normal rod and cone OS development, NDRG1a-1 was overexpressed or NDRG1b was ectopically expressed in rods. These forced-expression studies in the transgenic fish confirmed the effect of these proteins on the OS morphology: rod OS morphology changed from cylindrical to tapered shape. These taper-shaped rod OSs were not stained with N,N’-didansyl cystine that effectively labels infolded membrane structure of cone OS. The result shows that rod OS membrane structure is preserved in these taper-shaped OSs and therefore, suggests that tapered OS morphology is not related to the infolded membrane structure in cone OS.
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Sundar R, Jeyasekharan AD, Pang B, Soong RCT, Kumarakulasinghe NB, Ow SGW, Ho J, Lim JSJ, Tan DSP, Wilder-Smith EPV, Bandla A, Tan SSH, Asuncion BR, Fazreen Z, Hoppe MM, Putti TC, Poh LM, Goh BC, Lee SC. Low Levels of NDRG1 in Nerve Tissue Are Predictive of Severe Paclitaxel-Induced Neuropathy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164319. [PMID: 27716814 PMCID: PMC5055363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sensory peripheral neuropathy caused by paclitaxel is a common and dose limiting toxicity, for which there are currently no validated predictive biomarkers. We investigated the relationship between the Charcot-Marie-Tooth protein NDRG1 and paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Methods/Materials Archived mammary tissue specimen blocks of breast cancer patients who received weekly paclitaxel in a single centre were retrieved and NDRG1 immunohistochemistry was performed on normal nerve tissue found within the sample. The mean nerve NDRG1 score was defined by an algorithm based on intensity of staining and percentage of stained nerve bundles. NDRG1 scores were correlated with paclitaxel induced neuropathy Results 111 patients were studied. 17 of 111 (15%) developed severe paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. The mean nerve NDRG1 expression score was 5.4 in patients with severe neuropathy versus 7.7 in those without severe neuropathy (p = 0.0019). A Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the mean nerve NDRG1 score revealed an area under the curve of 0.74 (p = 0.0013) for the identification of severe neuropathy, with a score of 7 being most discriminative. 13/54 (24%) subjects with an NDRG1 score < = 7 developed severe neuropathy, compared to only 4/57 (7%) in those with a score >7 (p = 0.017). Conclusion Low NDRG1 expression in nerve tissue present within samples of surgical resection may identify subjects at risk for severe paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Since nerve biopsies are not routinely feasible for patients undergoing chemotherapy for early breast cancer, this promising biomarker strategy is compatible with current clinical workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Sundar
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand D. Jeyasekharan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Brendan Pang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richie Chuan Teck Soong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nesaretnam Barr Kumarakulasinghe
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Guan Wei Ow
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingshan Ho
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joline Si Jing Lim
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Shao Peng Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aishwarya Bandla
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stacey Sze Hui Tan
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Zul Fazreen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michal Marek Hoppe
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Lay Mui Poh
- Department of Pharmacy, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Laššuthová P, Šafka Brožková D, Krůtová M, Neupauerová J, Haberlová J, Mazanec R, Dřímal P, Seeman P. Improving diagnosis of inherited peripheral neuropathies through gene panel analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:118. [PMID: 27549087 PMCID: PMC4994270 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0500-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inherited peripheral neuropathies (IPN) are the most common inherited neurological condition. It represents a highly heterogeneous group, both clinically and genetically. Targeted disease specific gene panel massively parallel sequencing (MPS) seems to be a useful tool in diagnosis of disorders with high genetic heterogeneity. METHODS In our study, we have designed, validated and updated our own custom gene panel of all known genes associated with IPN. One hundred and ninety-eight patients have been tested so far. Only patients in whom mutations in more common causes or relevant genes have already been excluded were enrolled. Five consecutive panel designs were prepared according to recent literature search, the last one covering ninety-three genes. Each patient was tested only once. All data were evaluated with at least two different pipelines. RESULTS In summary, causative mutation has been found in fifty-one patients (26 %). The results were inconclusive in thirty-one (16 %) patients. No variants of likely significance to IPN were found in one hundred and sixteen (58 %) patients. CONCLUSION MPS gene panel enables testing of all known IPN causes at once with high coverage and at an affordable cost making it truly a method of choice also in IPN. Gene panel testing results in several interesting results and findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Laššuthová
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, DNA Laboratory, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Šafka Brožková
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, DNA Laboratory, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Krůtová
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, DNA Laboratory, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Neupauerová
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, DNA Laboratory, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Haberlová
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Mazanec
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dřímal
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, DNA Laboratory, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Seeman
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, DNA Laboratory, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
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Šafka Brožková D, Haberlová J, Mazanec R, Laštůvková J, Seeman P. HSMNR belongs to the most frequent types of hereditary neuropathy in the Czech Republic and is twice more frequent than HMSNL. Clin Genet 2016; 90:161-5. [PMID: 26822750 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy type Russe (HMSNR), also called CMT4G, is an autosomal recessive inherited peripheral neuropathy (IPN) caused by a founder mutation in the HK1 gene. HMSNR affects only patients with Roma origin, similar to the better known HMSN type Lom clarified earlier. By testing IPN patients with Roma origin, we realized that HMSNR affects surprisingly many patients in the Czech Republic. HMSNR is one of the most frequent types of IPN in this country and appears to be twice more frequent than HMSNL. Pronounced lower limb atrophies and severe deformities often lead to walking inability in even young patients, but hands are usually only mildly affected even after many years of disease duration. The group of 20 patients with HMSNR presented here is the first report about the prevalence of HMSNR from central Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Šafka Brožková
- DNA laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Haberlová
- DNA laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Mazanec
- Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Laštůvková
- Department of Medical Genetics, Masaryk Hospital, Regional Health Corporation, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - P Seeman
- DNA laboratory, Department of Paediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Qu X, Li J, Baldwin HS. Postnatal lethality and abnormal development of foregut and spleen in Ndrg4 mutant mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 470:613-619. [PMID: 26801554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
NDRG4 is a member of the NDRG family (N-myc downstream-regulated gene), which is highly expressed in brain and heart. Previous studies showed that Ndrg1-deficient mice exhibited a progressive demyelinating disorder of peripheral nerves and Ndrg4-deficient mice had spatial learning deficits and vulnerabilities to cerebral ischemia. Here, we report generation of Ndrg4 mutant alleles that exhibit several development defects different from those previously reported. Our homozygous mice showed growth retardation and postnatal lethality. Spleen and thymuses of Ndrg4(-/-) mice are considerably reduced in size from 3 weeks of age. Histological analysis revealed abnormal hyperkeratosis in the squamous foregut and abnormal loss of erythrocytes in the spleen of Ndrg4(-/-) mice. In addition, we observed an abnormal hind limb clasping phenotype upon tail suspension suggesting neurological abnormalities. Consistent to these abnormalities, Ndrg4 is expressed in smooth muscle cells of the stomach, macrophages of the spleen and neurons. Availability of the conditional allele for Ndrg4 should facilitate further detailed analyses of the potential roles of Ndrg4 in gut development, nervous system and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghu Qu
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - H Scott Baldwin
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Cell and Development Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Watari K, Shibata T, Nabeshima H, Shinoda A, Fukunaga Y, Kawahara A, Karasuyama K, Fukushi JI, Iwamoto Y, Kuwano M, Ono M. Impaired differentiation of macrophage lineage cells attenuates bone remodeling and inflammatory angiogenesis in Ndrg1 deficient mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19470. [PMID: 26778110 PMCID: PMC4726041 DOI: 10.1038/srep19470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is a responsible gene for a hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy-Lom (Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 4D). This is the first study aiming to assess the contribution of NDRG1 to differentiation of macrophage lineage cells, which has important implications for bone remodeling and inflammatory angiogenesis. Ndrg1 knockout (KO) mice exhibited abnormal curvature of the spine, high trabecular bone mass, and reduced number of osteoclasts. We observed that serum levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and macrophage-related cytokines were markedly decreased in KO mice. Differentiation of bone marrow (BM) cells into osteoclasts, M1/M2-type macrophages and dendritic cells was all impaired. Furthermore, KO mice also showed reduced tumor growth and angiogenesis by cancer cells, accompanied by decreased infiltration of tumor-associated macrophages. The transfer of BM-derived macrophages from KO mice into BM-eradicated wild type (WT) mice induced much less tumor angiogenesis than observed in WT mice. Angiogenesis in corneas in response to inflammatory stimuli was also suppressed with decreased infiltration of macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate that NDRG1 deficiency attenuates the differentiation of macrophage lineage cells, suppressing bone remodeling and inflammatory angiogenesis. This study strongly suggests the crucial role of NDRG1 in differentiation process for macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Watari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nabeshima
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ai Shinoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawahara
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kurume University Hospital, Kurume 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Karasuyama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Fukushi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yukihide Iwamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kuwano
- Cancer Translational Research Center, St. Mary's Institute of Health Sciences, Kurume 830-8543, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ono
- Department of Pharmaceutical Oncology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Tournev I. The Meryon Lecture at the 18th Annual Meeting of the Meryon Society Wolfson College, Oxford, UK, 12th September 2014: Neuromuscular disorders in Roma (Gypsies)--collaborative studies, epidemiology, community-based carrier testing program and social activities. Neuromuscul Disord 2015; 26:94-103. [PMID: 26564278 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Sofia Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria; Ethnic Minorities Health Problems Foundation, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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