2
|
A Review on Substellar Objects below the Deuterium Burning Mass Limit: Planets, Brown Dwarfs or What? GEOSCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences8100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
“Free-floating, non-deuterium-burning, substellar objects” are isolated bodies of a few Jupiter masses found in very young open clusters and associations, nearby young moving groups, and in the immediate vicinity of the Sun. They are neither brown dwarfs nor planets. In this paper, their nomenclature, history of discovery, sites of detection, formation mechanisms, and future directions of research are reviewed. Most free-floating, non-deuterium-burning, substellar objects share the same formation mechanism as low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, but there are still a few caveats, such as the value of the opacity mass limit, the minimum mass at which an isolated body can form via turbulent fragmentation from a cloud. The least massive free-floating substellar objects found to date have masses of about 0.004 Msol, but current and future surveys should aim at breaking this record. For that, we may need LSST, Euclid and WFIRST.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mužić K, Radigan J, Jayawardhana R, Ivanov VD, Faherty JK, Kurtev RG, Núñez A, Boffin HMJ, Hainaut O, Cruz K, Jones D, Metchev S, Tyndall A, Borissova J. DISCOVERY OF TWO VERY WIDE BINARIES WITH ULTRACOOL COMPANIONS AND A NEW BROWN DWARF AT THE L/T TRANSITION. THE ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL 2012; 144:180. [PMID: 30555171 PMCID: PMC6294308 DOI: 10.1088/0004-6256/144/6/180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the discovery and spectroscopic follow-up of a nearby late-type L dwarf (2M0614+3950), and two extremely wide very-low-mass binary systems (2M0525-7425AB and 2M1348-1344AB), resulting from our search for common proper motion pairs containing ultracool components in the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) catalogs. The near-infrared spectrum of 2M0614+3950 indicates a spectral type L9 ± 1 object residing at a distance of 26.0 ± 1.8 pc. The optical spectrum of 2M0525-7425A reveals an M3.0 ± 0.5 dwarf primary, accompanied by a secondary previously classified as L2. The system has an angular separation of ~ 44″, equivalent to ~ 2000 AU at distance of 46.0 ± 3.0 pc. Using optical and infrared spectra, respectively, we classify the components of 2M1348-1344AB as M4.5 ± 0.5 and T5.5 ± 1. The angular separation of ~ 68″ is equivalent to ~ 1400 AU at a distance of 20.7 ± 1.4 pc. 2M1348-1344AB is one of only six very wide (separation > 1000 AU) systems containing late T dwarfs known to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koraljka Mužić
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Radigan
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
| | - Ray Jayawardhana
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
| | - Valentin D Ivanov
- European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago, 19001, Chile
| | - Jacqueline K Faherty
- Department of Astronomy, University of Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile
- Dept. of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Radostin G Kurtev
- Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 53, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alejandro Núñez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, NY 10065, USA
- Dept. of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Henri M J Boffin
- European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago, 19001, Chile
| | - Olivier Hainaut
- European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Kelle Cruz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, NY 10065, USA
- Dept. of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - David Jones
- European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago, 19001, Chile
| | - Stanimir Metchev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800
| | - Amy Tyndall
- European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19, Santiago, 19001, Chile
| | - Jura Borissova
- Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 53, Valparaíso, Chile
- The Milky Way Millennium Nucleus, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|