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Azghar A, Azizi M, Lahmer M, Benaissa E, Ben Lahlou Y, Benajiba N, Elouennass M, Maleb A. A very rare case of bacteraemia in a 4-year-old girl with osteopetrosis with probable Leuconostoc lactis infection. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000439. [PMID: 37970073 PMCID: PMC10634485 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc lactis (LLac) is a Gram-positive coccus of the family Leuconostocaceae . It can be found in a variety of vegetables and dairy products. LLac is an opportunistic pathogen with intrinsic resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. In this case report, we discuss a rare case of LLac-associated bacteraemia in a patient with osteopetrosis. A 4-year-old girl was admitted to the paediatric emergency department with acute fever without other signs. Blood culture revealed an infection with LLac. Using the streptococcus antibiogram, the isolate was resistant to vancomycin, teicoplanin, rifampicin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim but sensitive to β-lactams, gentamicin, streptomycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, lincomycin, clindamycin and erythromycin. The patient was treated with intravenous ceftriaxone and gentamicin, and subsequently with oral amoxicillin. After a favourable course, she was discharged from the hospital on the 10th day. The modes of transmission and physiopathology of LLac remain unknown. Factors associated with this infection include compromised immunity, previous antibiotic therapy especially with vancomycin, and application of a central venous catheter. In our patient, the risk factors for infection were pancytopenia and multiple transfusions used to treat bone marrow failure. The source of the bacteraemia could have been the cutaneous route, but it could also have been digestive due to the reservoir of the bacteria. LLac is known as an opportunistic bacterium. Further studies on its pathogenesis and other risk factors are needed to understand the true prevalence of this potentially fatal bacterium in compromised individuals, such as the case of our patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Azghar
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health (LBBES)/Research Team "Cell Biology and Pharmacology Applied to Health Sciences/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Manal Azizi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mohammed VI University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Lahmer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Elmostapha Benaissa
- Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Teaching Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
- Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance Research Team/BIO-INOVA Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassine Ben Lahlou
- Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Teaching Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
- Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance Research Team/BIO-INOVA Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noufissa Benajiba
- Department of Pediatrics, Mohammed VI University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
| | - Mostafa Elouennass
- Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Teaching Military Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
- Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance Research Team/BIO-INOVA Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco
| | - Adil Maleb
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Mohammed VI University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health (LBBES)/Research Team "Cell Biology and Pharmacology Applied to Health Sciences/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed the First), Oujda, Morocco
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Leuconostoc lactis Bacteremia and Neutropenic Fever. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2023. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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The First Case of L. pseudomesenteroides Pulmonary Infection and Literature Review. Case Rep Pulmonol 2020; 2020:8818491. [PMID: 33282426 PMCID: PMC7685820 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8818491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L. pseudomesenteroides is a very rare bacterium that infects human beings, and it has been used as an industrial fermentation bacterium. At present, only a few cases have been reported about this bacterium infecting the human body, but most reports are mainly about sepsis. We will report on a woman with lymphoma who was successfully diagnosed by the use of transbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) with L. pseudomesenteroides pulmonary infection.
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Sarmiento-Ortiz EA, Oliveros-Andrade OA, Rojas-Hernandez JP. Endocarditis por Leuconostoc lactis en un lactante: reporte de caso. REVISTA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA 2020. [DOI: 10.15446/revfacmed.v68n3.77425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción. Las infecciones por Leuconostoc lactis son raras y se asocian a múltiples factores de riesgo; además, de acuerdo con lo revisado en la literatura relevante, no hay reportes de endocarditis causada por este microorganismo en población pediátrica.Presentación del caso. Lactante con síndrome de intestino corto que fue llevado por sus padres al servicio de urgencias por desnutrición. Durante su estancia hospitalaria prolongada, el paciente presentó múltiples infecciones, por lo que requirió catéter venoso central (CVC), alimentación enteral prolongada y nutrición parenteral. En uno de los episodios infecciosos intrahospitalarios se tomaron hemocultivos periféricos y se realizó un ecocardiograma, lo que permitió diagnosticarlo con endocarditis por L. lactis y por lo cual se decidió iniciar manejo con linezolid. Luego de 21 días de tratamiento, la infección fue controlada, pero con el fin de mejorar su estado nutricional y debido a un nuevo episodio de bacteremia, se decidió prolongar su estancia hospitalaria. Finalmente, después de 112 días de hospitalización, fue dado de alta para continuar manejo integral ambulatorio.Conclusión. A pesar de ser una entidad poco frecuente en pediatría, la endocarditis por L. lactis debe sospecharse en pacientes con múltiples factores de riesgo y con infecciones polimicrobianas. Un tratamiento oportuno y específico como el usado en el presente caso puede evitar complicaciones futuras.
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Omori R, Fujiwara S, Ishiyama H, Kuroda H, Kohara N. Leuconostoc lactis- A Rare Cause of Bacterial Meningitis in an Immunocompromised Host. Intern Med 2020; 59:2935-2936. [PMID: 33191371 PMCID: PMC7725636 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.5076-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc lactis, often found in fermented dairy products, although considered to have a low pathogenic potential, can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts. We herein report a 62-year-old man with a history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and diabetes mellitus who developed a very rare case of bacterial meningitis caused by this organism. After we administered antibiotics including ampicillin, he recovered completely within two weeks. This gram-positive coccus (GPC) is sensitive to ampicillin but naturally resistant to vancomycin, while its susceptibility to ceftriaxone has not yet been established. In acute GPC meningitis in immunocompromised hosts, Leuconostoc lactis should therefore be considered as a possible pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reo Omori
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
| | - Satoru Fujiwara
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kuroda
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kohara
- Department of Neurology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Japan
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Holik H, Coha B, Šiško M, Tomić-Paradžik M. Leuconostoc sp. Meningitis in a Patient Treated with Rituximab for Mantle Cell Lymphoma. Turk J Haematol 2017; 32:271-4. [PMID: 26376594 PMCID: PMC4563205 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2013.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a 64-year-old man who was treated with R-CHOP (rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone) chemoimmunotherapy for mantle cell lymphoma and developed purulent meningitis, probably caused by Leuconostoc sp. The patient had severe hypogammaglobulinemia, which is a possible complication of rituximab therapy. To our knowledge and after reviewing the available medical literature, this is the first described case of purulent meningitis caused by Leuconostoc sp. in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma that appeared after treatment with the R-CHOP protocol. The diagnosis of purulent meningitis was based on clinical, laboratory and cytological cerebrospinal fluid findings, in addition to blood culture results in which we isolated Leuconostoc sp. The patient was treated with meropenem with full recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Holik
- General Hospital Dr. Josip Benčević, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Slavonski Brod, Croatia Phone: 0038535201688 E-mail:
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Bacteremia due to Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides in a Patient with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Hematol 2016; 2016:7648628. [PMID: 27635268 PMCID: PMC5011224 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7648628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc species are vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive cocci. Infections due to Leuconostoc species have been reported in various immunocompromised patients, but little is known about such infection in patients with hematologic malignancies. We report a case of Leuconostoc infection in a 44-year-old woman with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient developed a high fever despite antimicrobial therapy with doripenem after induction chemotherapy. After an isolate from blood cultures was identified as L. pseudomesenteroides, we changed the antibiotics to piperacillin-tazobactam and gentamicin, after which the patient recovered from the infection. Physicians should be aware of Leuconostoc species as causative pathogen if they encounter Gram-positive cocci bacteremia resistant to standard antibiotics such as vancomycin and teicoplanin, especially in patients with hematologic malignancies.
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Bacteremia due to vancomycin-resistant Leuconostoc lactis in a patient with pneumonia and abdominal infection. Am J Med Sci 2015; 349:282-3. [PMID: 25494219 PMCID: PMC4347737 DOI: 10.1097/maj.0000000000000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Ishiyama K, Yamazaki H, Senda Y, Yamauchi H, Nakao S. Leuconostoc bacteremia in three patients with malignancies. J Infect Chemother 2010; 17:412-8. [PMID: 20839023 DOI: 10.1007/s10156-010-0123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 08/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leuconostoc is a Gram-positive coccus characterized by its resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics. Generally, this bacterium is susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics; however, here we present a leukemia patient who developed leuconostoc bacteremia during antimicrobial therapy with carbapenem. The appropriate choice of antibiotics at optimal doses enables leuconostoc infection to be overcome, even in compromised hosts. We report 3 cases of leuconostoc bacteremia: the leukemia case which was successfully treated, along with discussions of two other cases with malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Ishiyama
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Cellular Transplantation Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Ishikawa, Japan.
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Yamazaki R, Mori T, Sugita K, Aisa Y, Ikeda Y, Okamoto S. Leuconostocsepticemia in a neutropenic patient with acute myelogenous leukemia relapsed after allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2009; 11:94-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2008.00340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ammor MS, Flórez AB, Mayo B. Antibiotic resistance in non-enterococcal lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. Food Microbiol 2006; 24:559-70. [PMID: 17418306 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, human life expectancy and quality of life have increased dramatically due to improvements in nutrition and the use of antibiotics in the fight against infectious diseases. However, the heyday of antibiotic treatment is on the wane due to the appearance and spread of resistance among harmful microorganisms. At present, there is great concern that commensal bacterial populations from food and the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans and animals, such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria, could act as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes. Resistances could ultimately be transferred to human pathogenic and opportunistic bacteria hampering the treatment of infections. LAB species have traditionally been used as starter cultures in the production of fermented feed and foodstuffs. Further, LAB and bifidobacteria are normal inhabitants of the GIT where they are known to exert health-promoting effects, and selected strains are currently been used as probiotics. Antibiotic resistance genes carried by LAB and bifidobacteria can be transferred to human pathogenic bacteria either during food manufacture or during passage through the GIT. The aim of this review is to address well-stated and recent knowledge on antibiotic resistance in typical LAB and bifidobacteria species. Therefore, the commonest antibiotic resistance profiles, the distinction between intrinsic and atypical resistances, and some of the genetic determinants already discovered will all be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salim Ammor
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (CSIC), Carretera de Infiesto s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Asturias, Spain.
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Jorgensen JH, Hindler JF. New consensus guidelines from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of infrequently isolated or fastidious bacteria. Clin Infect Dis 2006; 44:280-6. [PMID: 17173232 DOI: 10.1086/510431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 09/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recently published a new laboratory guideline for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of infrequently encountered or fastidious bacteria not covered in previous CLSI publications. The organisms include Aeromonas species, Bacillus species, and Vibrio species that may cause infections following environmental exposure. Fastidious organisms that may cause endocarditis or medical device infections include Abiotrophia and Granulicatella species; coryneform bacteria; Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella group gram-negative rods; and the instrinsically vancomycin-resistant gram-positive organisms Erysipelothrix, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Pediococcus species. Organisms not previously covered in depth in CLSI guidelines include Branhamella catarrhalis, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Listeria species, and Pasteurella species. Clinically important drug resistance has been reported for each of these organisms. The guidelines provide recommendations for when it may be important to test these organisms, how standard methods may be easily adapted for testing, and appropriate interpretive criteria for results. Communication with infectious diseases clinicians prior to performing such testing is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Albanese A, Spanu T, Sali M, Novegno F, D'Inzeo T, Santangelo R, Mangiola A, Anile C, Fadda G. Molecular identification of Leuconostoc mesenteroides as a cause of brain abscess in an immunocompromised patient. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:3044-5. [PMID: 16891540 PMCID: PMC1594663 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00448-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leuconostoc species are emerging pathogens that can cause severe infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Using molecular methods, we identified Leuconostoc mesenteroides as the cause of a brain abscess which was successfully treated by surgery and antimicrobial treatment. This is the first report of brain abscess caused by this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Albanese
- Department of Neurosurgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Hemme D, Foucaud-Scheunemann C. Leuconostoc, characteristics, use in dairy technology and prospects in functional foods. Int Dairy J 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2003.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jorgensen JH. Need for susceptibility testing guidelines for fastidious or less-frequently isolated bacteria. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:493-6. [PMID: 14766806 PMCID: PMC344523 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.2.493-496.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James H Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA.
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