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Charisi M, Taylor SR, Witt CA, Runnoe J. Efficient Large-Scale, Targeted Gravitational-Wave Probes of Supermassive Black-Hole Binaries. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:061401. [PMID: 38394573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.061401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Binary systems of supermassive black holes are promising sources of low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs) and bright electromagnetic emission. Pulsar timing array GW searches for individual binaries have been limited to only a few candidate systems due to computational demands, which get worse as more pulsars are added. By modeling the GW signal using only components from when the GW passes Earth (rather than also each pulsar), we find constraints on the binary's total mass and GW frequency that are similar to a full signal analysis, yet ∼70 times more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Charisi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Stephen R Taylor
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
| | - Caitlin A Witt
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Adler Planetarium, 1300 S. DuSable Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA
| | - Jessie Runnoe
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA
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Bogdanović T, Miller MC, Blecha L. Electromagnetic counterparts to massive black-hole mergers. LIVING REVIEWS IN RELATIVITY 2022; 25:3. [PMID: 35767150 PMCID: PMC9232481 DOI: 10.1007/s41114-022-00037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The next two decades are expected to open the door to the first coincident detections of electromagnetic (EM) and gravitational-wave (GW) signatures associated with massive black-hole (MBH) binaries heading for coalescence. These detections will launch a new era of multimessenger astrophysics by expanding this growing field to the low-frequency GW regime and will provide an unprecedented understanding of the evolution of MBHs and galaxies. They will also constitute fundamentally new probes of cosmology and would enable unique tests of gravity. The aim of this Living Review is to provide an introduction to this research topic by presenting a summary of key findings, physical processes and ideas pertaining to EM counterparts to MBH mergers as they are known at the time of this writing. We review current observational evidence for close MBH binaries, discuss relevant physical processes and timescales, and summarize the possible EM counterparts to GWs in the precursor, coalescence, and afterglow stages of a MBH merger. We also describe open questions and discuss future prospects in this dynamic and quick-paced research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Bogdanović
- School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St. NW, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - M. Coleman Miller
- Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, 4296 Stadium Dr., College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Laura Blecha
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, 2001 Museum Rd., Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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The NANOGrav 12.5 yr Data Set: Observations and Narrowband Timing of 47 Millisecond Pulsars. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/abc6a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Model Dependence of Bayesian Gravitational-wave Background Statistics for Pulsar Timing Arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/abca92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Evolution of Gravitational-wave Background Statistics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab68db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The NANOGrav 11 yr Data Set: Limits on Gravitational Waves from Individual Supermassive Black Hole Binaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Holgado AM, Sesana A, Sandrinelli A, Covino S, Treves A, Liu X, Ricker P. Pulsar timing constraints on the Fermi massive black hole binary blazar population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Miguel Holgado
- Department of Astronomy and National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Alberto Sesana
- School of Physics and Astronomy and Institute for Gravitational-Wave Astronomy, University of Birmingh am, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Angela Sandrinelli
- Universitá dell’Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Technologia, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100, Como, Italy
- INAF-Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
| | - Stefano Covino
- INAF-Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
| | - Aldo Treves
- Universitá dell’Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienza ed Alta Technologia, Via Valleggio 11, I-22100, Como, Italy
- INAF-Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Bianchi 46, I-23807 Merate (LC), Italy
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Astronomy and National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Paul Ricker
- Department of Astronomy and National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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The NANOGrav 11 Year Data Set: Pulsar-timing Constraints on the Stochastic Gravitational-wave Background. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabd3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Testing the Binary Hypothesis: Pulsar Timing Constraints on Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaad0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Moore CJ, Mihaylov DP, Lasenby A, Gilmore G. Astrometric Search Method for Individually Resolvable Gravitational Wave Sources with Gaia. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:261102. [PMID: 29328688 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.261102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Gravitational waves (GWs) cause the apparent position of distant stars to oscillate with a characteristic pattern on the sky. Astrometric measurements (e.g., those made by Gaia) provide a new way to search for GWs. The main difficulty facing such a search is the large size of the data set; Gaia observes more than one billion stars. In this Letter the problem of searching for GWs from individually resolvable supermassive black hole binaries using astrometry is addressed for the first time; it is demonstrated how the data set can be compressed by a factor of more than 10^{6}, with a loss of sensitivity of less than 1%. This technique was successfully used to recover artificially injected GW signals from mock Gaia data and to assess the GW sensitivity of Gaia. Throughout the Letter the complementarity of Gaia and pulsar timing searches for GWs is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Moore
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, United Kingdom
| | - Deyan P Mihaylov
- Intitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Lasenby
- Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard Gilmore
- Intitute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Abstract
A pulsar timing array (PTA) refers to a program of regular, high-precision timing observations of a widely distributed array of millisecond pulsars. Here we review the status of the three primary PTA projects and the joint International Pulsar Timing Array project. We discuss current results related to ultra-low-frequency gravitational wave searches and highlight opportunities for the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hobbs
- Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
| | - Shi Dai
- Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
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Kelly BJ, Baker JG, Etienne ZB, Giacomazzo B, Schnittman J. Prompt Electromagnetic Transients from Binary Black Hole Mergers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. D. (2016) 2017; 96:123003. [PMID: 33005838 PMCID: PMC7526651 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.123003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Binary black hole (BBH) mergers provide a prime source for current and future interferometric GW observatories. Massive BBH mergers may often take place in plasma-rich environments, leading to the exciting possibility of a concurrent electromagnetic (EM) signal observable by traditional astronomical facilities. However, many critical questions about the generation of such counterparts remain unanswered. We explore mechanisms that may drive EM counterparts with magnetohydro-dynamic simulations treating a range of scenarios involving equal-mass black-hole binaries immersed in an initially homogeneous fluid with uniform, orbitally aligned magnetic fields. We find that the time development of Poynting luminosity, which may drive jet-like emissions, is relatively insensitive to aspects of the initial configuration. In particular, over a significant range of initial values, the central magnetic field strength is effectively regulated by the gas flow to yield a Poynting luminosity of 1045 - 1046 ρ -13 M 8 2 ergs-1, with BBH mass scaled to M 8 ≡ M/(108 M ⨀) and ambient density ρ -13 ≡ ρ/(10-13 g cm-3). We also calculate the direct plasma synchrotron emissions processed through geodesic ray-tracing. Despite lensing effects and dynamics, we find the observed synchrotron flux varies little leading up to merger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J Kelly
- Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- CRESST, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - John G Baker
- Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zachariah B Etienne
- Department of Mathematics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University, Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
| | - Bruno Giacomazzo
- Physics Department, University of Trento, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- INFN-TIFPA, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Jeremy Schnittman
- Gravitational Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Joint Space-Science Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Wang Y, Mohanty SD. Pulsar Timing Array Based Search for Supermassive Black Hole Binaries in the Square Kilometer Array Era. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:151104. [PMID: 28452510 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.151104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The advent of next generation radio telescope facilities, such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), will usher in an era where a pulsar timing array (PTA) based search for gravitational waves (GWs) will be able to use hundreds of well timed millisecond pulsars rather than the few dozens in existing PTAs. A realistic assessment of the performance of such an extremely large PTA must take into account the data analysis challenge posed by an exponential increase in the parameter space volume due to the large number of so-called pulsar phase parameters. We address this problem and present such an assessment for isolated supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) searches using a SKA era PTA containing 10^{3} pulsars. We find that an all-sky search will be able to confidently detect nonevolving sources with a redshifted chirp mass of 10^{10} M_{⊙} out to a redshift of about 28 (corresponding to a rest-frame chirp mass of 3.4×10^{8} M_{⊙}). We discuss the important implications that the large distance reach of a SKA era PTA has on GW observations from optically identified SMBHB candidates. If no SMBHB detections occur, a highly unlikely scenario in the light of our results, the sky-averaged upper limit on strain amplitude will be improved by about 3 orders of magnitude over existing limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, China and MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430074, China
| | - Soumya D Mohanty
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Boulevard, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA and Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, One West University Boulevard, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
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THE NANOGRAV NINE-YEAR DATA SET: LIMITS ON THE ISOTROPIC STOCHASTIC GRAVITATIONAL WAVE BACKGROUND. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3847/0004-637x/821/1/13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rosado PA, Lasky PD, Thrane E, Zhu X, Mandel I, Sesana A. Detectability of Gravitational Waves from High-Redshift Binaries. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:101102. [PMID: 27015470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent nondetection of gravitational-wave backgrounds from pulsar timing arrays casts further uncertainty on the evolution of supermassive black hole binaries. We study the capabilities of current gravitational-wave observatories to detect individual binaries and demonstrate that, contrary to conventional wisdom, some are, in principle, detectable throughout the Universe. In particular, a binary with rest-frame mass ≳10^{10}M_{⊙} can be detected by current timing arrays at arbitrarily high redshifts. The same claim will apply for less massive binaries with more sensitive future arrays. As a consequence, future searches for nanohertz gravitational waves could be expanded to target evolving high-redshift binaries. We calculate the maximum distance at which binaries can be observed with pulsar timing arrays and other detectors, properly accounting for redshift and using realistic binary waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Rosado
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Paul D Lasky
- Monash Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Eric Thrane
- Monash Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Xingjiang Zhu
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ilya Mandel
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto Sesana
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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DETECTING ECCENTRIC SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE BINARIES WITH PULSAR TIMING ARRAYS: RESOLVABLE SOURCE STRATEGIES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.3847/0004-637x/817/1/70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Lommen AN. Pulsar timing arrays: the promise of gravitational wave detection. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2015; 78:124901. [PMID: 26564968 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/78/12/124901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe the history, methods, tools, and challenges of using pulsars to detect gravitational waves. Pulsars act as celestial clocks detecting gravitational perturbations in space-time at wavelengths of light-years. The field is poised to make its first detection of nanohertz gravitational waves in the next 10 years. Controversies remain over how far we can reduce the noise in the pulsars, how many pulsars should be in the array, what kind of source we will detect first, and how we can best accommodate our large bandwidth systems. We conclude by considering the important question of how to plan for a post-detection era, beyond the first detection of gravitational waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N Lommen
- Franklin and Marshall College, 415 Harrisburg Pike, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
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Middleton H, Del Pozzo W, Farr WM, Sesana A, Vecchio A. Astrophysical constraints on massive black hole binary evolution from pulsar timing arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slv150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Arzoumanian Z, Brazier A, Burke-Spolaor S, Chamberlin S, Chatterjee S, Christy B, Cordes JM, Cornish N, Crowter K, Demorest PB, Dolch T, Ellis JA, Ferdman RD, Fonseca E, Garver-Daniels N, Gonzalez ME, Jenet FA, Jones G, Jones ML, Kaspi VM, Koop M, Lam MT, Lazio TJW, Levin L, Lommen AN, Lorimer DR, Luo J, Lynch RS, Madison D, McLaughlin MA, McWilliams ST, Nice DJ, Palliyaguru N, Pennucci TT, Ransom SM, Siemens X, Stairs IH, Stinebring DR, Stovall K, Swiggum JK, Vallisneri M, Haasteren RV, Wang Y, Zhu W. THE NANOGRAV NINE-YEAR DATA SET: OBSERVATIONS, ARRIVAL TIME MEASUREMENTS, AND ANALYSIS OF 37 MILLISECOND PULSARS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/813/1/65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Shannon RM, Ravi V, Lentati LT, Lasky PD, Hobbs G, Kerr M, Manchester RN, Coles WA, Levin Y, Bailes M, Bhat NDR, Burke-Spolaor S, Dai S, Keith MJ, Osłowski S, Reardon DJ, van Straten W, Toomey L, Wang JB, Wen L, Wyithe JSB, Zhu XJ. Gravitational waves from binary supermassive black holes missing in pulsar observations. Science 2015; 349:1522-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aab1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Shannon
- Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - V. Ravi
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - L. T. Lentati
- Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - P. D. Lasky
- Monash Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Post Office Box 27, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - G. Hobbs
- Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
| | - M. Kerr
- Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
| | - R. N. Manchester
- Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
| | - W. A. Coles
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Y. Levin
- Monash Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Post Office Box 27, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M. Bailes
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - N. D. R. Bhat
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - S. Burke-Spolaor
- National Radio Astronomical Observatory, Array Operations Center, Post Office Box O, Socorro, NM 87801-0387, USA
| | - S. Dai
- Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
- Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M. J. Keith
- Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - S. Osłowski
- Department of Physics, Universitat Bielefeld, Universitatsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - D. J. Reardon
- Monash Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Post Office Box 27, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - W. van Straten
- Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Post Office Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - L. Toomey
- Commonwealth Science and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility, Post Office Box 76, Epping, New South Wales 1710, Australia
| | - J.-B. Wang
- Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 150 Science 1-Street, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - L. Wen
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - J. S. B. Wyithe
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - X.-J. Zhu
- School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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Zhu WW, Stairs IH, Demorest PB, Nice DJ, Ellis JA, Ransom SM, Arzoumanian Z, Crowter K, Dolch T, Ferdman RD, Fonseca E, Gonzalez ME, Jones G, Jones ML, Lam MT, Levin L, McLaughlin MA, Pennucci T, Stovall K, Swiggum J. TESTING THEORIES OF GRAVITATION USING 21-YEAR TIMING OF PULSAR BINARY J1713+0747. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/809/1/41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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