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Holzscheiter MH, Alsner J, Bassler N, Boll R, Caccia M, Knudsen H, Maggiore C, Petersen JB, Sellner S, Straße T, Singers Sørensen B, Overgaard J. The relative biological effectiveness of antiprotons. Radiother Oncol 2016; 121:453-458. [PMID: 27988058 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Aside from the enhancement of physical dose deposited by antiprotons annihilating in tissue-like material compared to protons of the same range a further increase of biological effective dose has been demonstrated. This enhancement can be expressed in an increase of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of antiprotons near the end of range. We have performed the first-ever direct measurement of the RBE of antiprotons both at rest and in flight. MATERIALS AND METHODS Experimental data were generated on the RBE of an antiproton beam entering a tissue-like target consisting of V79 cells embedded in gelatin with an energy providing a range of approximately 10cm. RESULTS The RBE in the entrance channel (the "plateau") is only slightly above the value for a comparable proton beam, and remains low until the proximal edge of the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). A steep increase of RBE is seen starting from the onset of the SOBP. CONCLUSIONS This paper reports the final results of the experiment AD-4/ACE at CERN on the first-ever direct measurement of RBE of antiprotons and constitutes the first step toward developing treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Holzscheiter
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA; Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Jan Alsner
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Niels Bassler
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Boll
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Massimo Caccia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Universita degli Studi dell'Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Helge Knudsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen B Petersen
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Stefan Sellner
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tina Straße
- Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Jens Overgaard
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Shmatov ML. An expected increase in the efficiency of antiproton cancer therapy with the use of gold nanoparticles. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:N383-90. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/20/n383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Tavakoli MB, Reiazi R, Mohammadi MM, Jabbari K. Comparison of electromagnetic and hadronic models generated using Geant 4 with antiproton dose measured in CERN. J Med Phys 2015; 40:109-14. [PMID: 26170558 PMCID: PMC4478644 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6203.158696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
After proposing the idea of antiproton cancer treatment in 1984 many experiments were launched to investigate different aspects of physical and radiobiological properties of antiproton, which came from its annihilation reactions. One of these experiments has been done at the European Organization for Nuclear Research known as CERN using the antiproton decelerator. The ultimate goal of this experiment was to assess the dosimetric and radiobiological properties of beams of antiprotons in order to estimate the suitability of antiprotons for radiotherapy. One difficulty on this way was the unavailability of antiproton beam in CERN for a long time, so the verification of Monte Carlo codes to simulate antiproton depth dose could be useful. Among available simulation codes, Geant4 provides acceptable flexibility and extensibility, which progressively lead to the development of novel Geant4 applications in research domains, especially modeling the biological effects of ionizing radiation at the sub-cellular scale. In this study, the depth dose corresponding to CERN antiproton beam energy by Geant4 recruiting all the standard physics lists currently available and benchmarked for other use cases were calculated. Overall, none of the standard physics lists was able to draw the antiproton percentage depth dose. Although, with some models our results were promising, the Bragg peak level remained as the point of concern for our study. It is concluded that the Bertini model with high precision neutron tracking (QGSP_BERT_HP) is the best to match the experimental data though it is also the slowest model to simulate events among the physics lists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Reiazi
- Department of Medical Physics, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Keyvan Jabbari
- Department of Medical Physics, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Phylogenetic and structural analysis of the phospholipase A2 gene family in vertebrates. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:587-96. [PMID: 25543670 PMCID: PMC4314415 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The phospholipase A (PLA)2 family is the most complex gene family of phospholipases and plays a crucial role in a number of physiological activities. However, the phylogenetic background of the PLA2 gene family and the amino acid residues of the PLA2G7 gene following positive selection gene remain undetermined. In this study, we downloaded 49 genomic data sets of PLA from different species, including the human, house mouse, Norway rat, pig, dog, chicken, cattle, African clawed frog, Sumatran orangutan and the zebrafish species. Phylogenetic relationships were determined using the neighbor-joining (NJ), minimum evolution (ME) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods, as well as the Bayesian information criterion. The results were then presented as phylogenetic trees. Positive selection sites were detected using site, branch and branch‑site models. These methods led us to the following assumptions: i) closer lineages were observed between PLA2G16 and PLA2G6, PLA2G7 and PLA2G4, PLA2G3 and PLA2G12, as well as among PLA2G10, PLA2G5 and PLA2G15; ii) PLA2G5 appeared to be the origin of the PLA2 family, and PLA2G7 was one of the most evolutionarily distant PLA2 proteins; iii) 16 positive-selection sites were detected and were marked in the PLA2G7 protein sequence as 327D, 257Q, 276G, 34s, 66G, 67C, 319S, 28N, 50S, 54T, 58R, 75T, 88Q, 92R, 179H and 191K.
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Antiproton induced DNA damage: proton like in flight, carbon-ion like near rest. Sci Rep 2014; 3:1770. [PMID: 23640660 PMCID: PMC3642660 DOI: 10.1038/srep01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological validation of new radiotherapy modalities is essential to understand their therapeutic potential. Antiprotons have been proposed for cancer therapy due to enhanced dose deposition provided by antiproton-nucleon annihilation. We assessed cellular DNA damage and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of a clinically relevant antiproton beam. Despite a modest LET (~19 keV/μm), antiproton spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) irradiation caused significant residual γ-H2AX foci compared to X-ray, proton and antiproton plateau irradiation. RBE of ~1.48 in the SOBP and ~1 in the plateau were measured and used for a qualitative effective dose curve comparison with proton and carbon-ions. Foci in the antiproton SOBP were larger and more structured compared to X-rays, protons and carbon-ions. This is likely due to overlapping particle tracks near the annihilation vertex, creating spatially correlated DNA lesions. No biological effects were observed at 28–42 mm away from the primary beam suggesting minimal risk from long-range secondary particles.
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Bassler N, Kantemiris I, Karaiskos P, Engelke J, Holzscheiter MH, Petersen JB. Comparison of optimized single and multifield irradiation plans of antiproton, proton and carbon ion beams. Radiother Oncol 2010; 95:87-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Paganetti H, Goitein M, Parodi K. Spread-out antiproton beams deliver poor physical dose distributions for radiation therapy. Radiother Oncol 2010; 95:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bevelacqua JJ. Feasibility of using internal radiation-generating devices in radiotherapy. HEALTH PHYSICS 2010; 98:614-620. [PMID: 20220369 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3181c8f6ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of using radiation-generating devices located within a tumor mass for radiotherapy applications is investigated. This paper presumes the existence of these devices and develops their requisite characteristics and possible arrangement configurations to permit the selective irradiation of tumors. Calculations are provided for a prototypical proton-generating device.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Bevelacqua
- Bevelacqua Resources, 343 Adair Drive, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
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Kantemiris I, Angelopoulos A, Bassler N, Giokaris N, Holzscheiter MH, Karaiskos P, Kalogeropoulos TE. Real-time imaging for dose evaluation during antiproton irradiation. Phys Med Biol 2010; 55:N123-31. [PMID: 20134083 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/55/5/n01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Online monitoring of the stopping distribution of particle beams used for radiotherapy provides the possibility of detecting possible errors in dose deposition early during a given treatment session, and may therefore help to improve the quality of the therapy. Antiproton annihilation events produce several long-range secondary particles which can be detected in real time by standard high energy particle physics detector systems. In this note, Monte Carlo calculations are performed in order to study the feasibility of real-time imaging by detecting charged pions produced during antiproton irradiation of typical biological targets. A simple treatment plan in a water phantom is simulated and the results show that by detecting pi+/- the position and the size of the planned target volume can be located with precision in the order of 1 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kantemiris
- Nuclear and Particle Physics Section, Physics Department, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Ilisia, 157 71 Athens, Greece.
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Kovacevic S, Bassler N, Hartley O, Knudsen H, Vranjes S, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Holzscheiter M. V-79 Chinese hamster cells irradiated with antiprotons, a study of peripheral damage due to medium and long range components of the annihilation radiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2009; 85:1148-56. [PMID: 19995240 DOI: 10.3109/09553000903242081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy of cancer carries a perceived risk of inducing secondary cancer and other damage due to dose delivered to normal tissue. While expectedly small, this risk must be carefully analysed for all modalities. Especially in the use of exotic particles like pions and antiprotons, which annihilate and produce a mixed radiation field when interacting with normal matter nuclei, the biological effective dose far out of field needs to be considered in evaluating this approach. We describe first biological measurements to address the concern that medium and long range annihilation products may produce a significant background dose and reverse any benefits of higher biological dose in the target area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the Antiproton Decelerator (AD) at CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) we irradiated V-79 Chinese Hamster cells embedded in gelatine using an antiproton beam with fluence ranging from 4.5 x 10(8) to 4.5 x 10(9) particles, and evaluated the biological effect on cells located distal to the Bragg peak using clonogenic survival and the COMET assay. RESULTS Both methods show a substantial biological effect on the cells in the entrance channel and the Bragg Peak area, but any damage is reduced to levels well below the effect in the entrance channel 15 mm distal to the Bragg peak for even the highest particle fluence used. CONCLUSIONS The annihilation radiation generated by antiprotons stopping in biological targets causes an increase of the penumbra of the beam but the effect rapidly decreases with distance from the target volume. No major increase in the biological effect is found in the far field outside of the primary beam.
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Bassler N, Holzscheiter MH, Jäkel O, Knudsen HV, Kovacevic S. The antiproton depth–dose curve in water. Phys Med Biol 2008; 53:793-805. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/3/017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Antiproton radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2008; 86:14-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2007.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 11/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Holzscheiter MH, Bassler N, Agazaryan N, Beyer G, Blackmore E, DeMarco JJ, Doser M, Durand RE, Hartley O, Iwamoto KS, Knudsen HV, Landua R, Maggiore C, McBride WH, Møller SP, Petersen J, Skarsgard LD, Smathers JB, Solberg TD, Uggerhøj UI, Vranjes S, Withers HR, Wong M, Wouters BG. The biological effectiveness of antiproton irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2006; 81:233-42. [PMID: 17069916 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2006.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2006] [Revised: 09/06/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Antiprotons travel through tissue in a manner similar to that for protons until they reach the end of their range where they annihilate and deposit additional energy. This makes them potentially interesting for radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to conduct the first ever measurements of the biological effectiveness of antiprotons. MATERIALS AND METHODS V79 cells were suspended in a semi-solid matrix and irradiated with 46.7MeV antiprotons, 48MeV protons, or (60)Co gamma-rays. Clonogenic survival was determined as a function of depth along the particle beams. Dose and particle fluence response relationships were constructed from data in the plateau and Bragg peak regions of the beams and used to assess the biological effectiveness. RESULTS Due to uncertainties in antiproton dosimetry we defined a new term, called the biologically effective dose ratio (BEDR), which compares the response in a minimally spread out Bragg peak (SOBP) to that in the plateau as a function of particle fluence. This value was approximately 3.75 times larger for antiprotons than for protons. This increase arises due to the increased dose deposited in the Bragg peak by annihilation and because this dose has a higher relative biological effectiveness (RBE). CONCLUSION We have produced the first measurements of the biological consequences of antiproton irradiation. These data substantiate theoretical predictions of the biological effects of antiproton annihilation within the Bragg peak, and suggest antiprotons warrant further investigation.
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