1
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Lyatti M, Kraiem I, Röper T, Gundareva I, Mussler G, Jalil AR, Grützmacher D, Schäpers T. In-Plane Anisotropy of Electrical Transport in Y 0.85Tb 0.15Ba 2Cu 3O 7-x Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:558. [PMID: 38591412 PMCID: PMC10856356 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
We fabricated high-quality c-axis-oriented epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x films with 15% of the yttrium atoms replaced by terbium (YTBCO) and studied their electrical properties. The Tb substitution reduced the charge carrier density, resulting in increased resistivity and decreased critical current density compared to pure YBa2Cu3O7-x films. The electrical properties of the YTBCO films showed an in-plane anisotropy in both the superconducting and normal states that, together with the XRD data, provided evidence for, at least, a partially twin-free film. Unexpectedly, the resistive transition of the bridges also demonstrated the in-plane anisotropy that could be explained within the framework of Tinkham's model of resistive transition and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) model, depending on the sample parameters. Measurements of the differential resistance in the temperature range of the resistive transition confirmed the occurrence of the BKT transition in the YTBCO bridges. Therefore, we consider the YTBCO films to be a promising platform for both the fabrication of devices with high kinetic inductance and fundamental research on the BKT transition in cuprate superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matvey Lyatti
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Ines Kraiem
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Torsten Röper
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Irina Gundareva
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Gregor Mussler
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Abdur Rehman Jalil
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-10), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Detlev Grützmacher
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Thomas Schäpers
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-9), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, Forschungszentrum Jülich and RWTH Aachen University, 52425 Jülich, Germany
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2
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Jin Y, Procaccia I, Samanta T. Intermediate phase between jammed and unjammed amorphous solids. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014902. [PMID: 38366521 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A significant amount of attention was dedicated in recent years to the phenomenon of jamming of athermal amorphous solids by increasing the volume fraction of the microscopic constituents. At a critical value of the volume fraction, pressure shoots up from zero to finite values with a host of critical exponents discovered and discussed. In this paper, we advance evidence for the existence of a second transition, within the jammed state of two-dimensional granular systems, that separates two regimes of different mechanical responses. Explicitly, highly packed systems are quasielastic with quadrupole screening, and more loosely jammed systems exhibit anomalous mechanics with dipole screening. Evidence is given for a clear transition between these two regimes, reminiscent of the intermediate hexatic phase of crystal melting in two-dimensional crystals. Theoretical estimates of the screening parameters and the pressure where transition takes place are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Jin
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Itamar Procaccia
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Sino-Europe Complexity Science Center, School of Mathematics, North University of China, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Tuhin Samanta
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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3
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Chen H, Jiang M, Guo Y, Chaganava I, Wei QH. Nematic-isotropic phase transitions in thin slabs of liquid crystals with topological defect arrays. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:8863-8870. [PMID: 37955055 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We study the nematic-to-isotropic phase transitions in thin slabs of nematic liquid crystals with photopatterned director fields of topological defect arrays at constant heating rates and show that the transition kinetics is significantly impacted by both the heating rate and the topological strengths of these defects. Specifically, with ±1/2 defect arrays, the isotropic domains emerge from the defect cores when the heating rate is high, while from random places when the heating rate is low. With ±1 defect arrays, the isotropic domains always emerge from the defect cores regardless of the heating rate. Furthermore, the isotropic domains show significant movements at slow heating rates, and the total area of the isotropic domains grows with the temperature T following a simple power law (T - T')γ, where the exponent γ is approximately 1 in most cases and is 2/3 for the ±1 defect arrays at low heating rates when the isotropic domains are pinned on the defect cores. We attribute this phenomenon to an interplay between the surface tension and bulk free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Miao Jiang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yubing Guo
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Irakli Chaganava
- Institute of Cybernetics, Georgian Technical University, 5 Sandro Euli Str., 0186 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Qi-Huo Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Center for Complex Flows and Soft Matter Research, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Domröse T, Danz T, Schaible SF, Rossnagel K, Yalunin SV, Ropers C. Light-induced hexatic state in a layered quantum material. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:1345-1351. [PMID: 37414945 PMCID: PMC10627829 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01600-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The tunability of materials properties by light promises a wealth of future applications in energy conversion and information technology. Strongly correlated materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides offer optical control of electronic phases, charge ordering and interlayer correlations by photodoping. Here, we find the emergence of a transient hexatic state during the laser-induced transformation between two charge-density wave phases in a thin-film transition metal dichalcogenide, 1T-type tantalum disulfide (1T-TaS2). Introducing tilt-series ultrafast nanobeam electron diffraction, we reconstruct charge-density wave rocking curves at high momentum resolution. An intermittent suppression of three-dimensional structural correlations promotes a loss of in-plane translational order caused by a high density of unbound topological defects, characteristic of a hexatic intermediate. Our results demonstrate the merit of tomographic ultrafast structural probing in tracing coupled order parameters, heralding universal nanoscale access to laser-induced dimensionality control in functional heterostructures and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Domröse
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Danz
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sophie F Schaible
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kai Rossnagel
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergey V Yalunin
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Ropers
- Department of Ultrafast Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
- 4th Physical Institute - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Ruzzi V, Baglioni J, Piazza R. Optothermal crystallization of hard spheres in an effective bidimensional geometry. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154904. [PMID: 37850694 DOI: 10.1063/5.0169221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Using colloids effectively confined in two dimensions by a cell with a thickness comparable to the particle size, we investigate the nucleation and growth of crystallites induced by locally heating the solvent with a near-infrared laser beam. The particles, which are "thermophilic," move towards the laser spot solely because of thermophoresis with no convection effects, forming dense clusters whose structure is monitored using two order parameters that gauge the local density and the orientational ordering. We find that ordering takes place when the cluster reaches an average surface density that is still below the upper equilibrium limit for the fluid phase of hard disks, meaning that we do not detect any sign of a proper "two-stage" nucleation from a glass or a polymorphic crystal structure. The crystal obtained at late growth stage displays a remarkable uniformity with a negligible amount of defects, arguably because the incoming particles diffuse, bounce, and displace other particles before settling at the crystal interface. This "fluidization" of the outer crystal edge may resemble the surface enhanced mobility giving rise to ultra-stable glasses by physical vapor deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ruzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science, and Chemical Engineering (CMIC) "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Edificio 6, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jacopo Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science, and Chemical Engineering (CMIC) "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Edificio 6, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Piazza
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science, and Chemical Engineering (CMIC) "Giulio Natta," Politecnico di Milano, Edificio 6, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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6
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Mondal C, Moshe M, Procaccia I, Roy S. Dipole screening in pure shear strain protocols of amorphous solids. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:L042901. [PMID: 37978588 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.l042901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
When amorphous solids are subjected to simple or pure strain, they exhibit elastic increase in stress, punctuated by plastic events that become denser (in strain) upon increasing the system size. It is customary to assume in theoretical models that the stress released in each plastic event is redistributed according to the linear Eshelby kernel, causing avalanches of additional stress release. Here we demonstrate that, contrary to the uniform affine strain resulting from simple or pure strain, each plastic event is associated with a nonuniform strain that gives rise to a displacement field that contains quadrupolar and dipolar charges that typically screen the linear elastic phenomenology and introduce anomalous length scales and influence the form of the stress redistribution. An important question that opens up is how to take this into account in elastoplastic models of shear induced phenomena like shear banding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandana Mondal
- UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452017, India
| | - Michael Moshe
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190, Israel
| | - Itamar Procaccia
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Sino-Europe Complex Science Center, School of Mathematics, North University of China, Shanxi, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Saikat Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Punjab 140001, India
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7
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Nishikawa Y, Krauth W, Maggs AC. Liquid-hexatic transition for soft disks. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:024103. [PMID: 37723788 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.024103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
We study the liquid-hexatic transition of soft disks with massively parallel simulations and determine the equation of state as a function of system size. For systems with interactions decaying as the inverse mth power of the separation, the liquid-hexatic phase transition is continuous for m=12 and m=8, while it is of first order for m=24. The critical power m for the transition between continuous and first-order behavior is larger than previously reported. The continuous transition for m=12 implies that the two-dimensional Lennard-Jones model has a continuous liquid-hexatic transition at high temperatures. We also study the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen model and find a continuous transition at high temperatures that is consistent with the soft-disk case for m=12. Pressure data as well as our implementation are available from an open-source repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Nishikawa
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Werner Krauth
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris Cité, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A C Maggs
- CNRS UMR7083, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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8
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Wilkins N, Powell S. Derivation of field theory for the classical dimer model using bosonization. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:054126. [PMID: 37329052 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.054126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We derive a field theory for the two-dimensional classical dimer model by applying bosonization to Lieb's (fermionic) transfer-matrix solution. Our constructive approach gives results that are consistent with the well-known height theory, previously justified based on symmetry considerations, but also fixes coefficients appearing in the effective theory and the relationship between microscopic observables and operators in the field theory. In addition, we show how interactions can be included in the field theory perturbatively, treating the case of the double dimer model with interactions within and between the two replicas. Using a renormalization-group analysis, we determine the shape of the phase boundary near the noninteracting point, in agreement with results of Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Wilkins
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Powell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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9
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Charan H, Moshe M, Procaccia I. Anomalous elasticity and emergent dipole screening in three-dimensional amorphous solids. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:055005. [PMID: 37328968 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.055005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent work, we developed a screening theory for describing the effect of plastic events in amorphous solids on its emergent mechanics. The suggested theory uncovered an anomalous mechanical response of amorphous solids where plastic events collectively induce distributed dipoles that are analogous to dislocations in crystalline solids. The theory was tested against various models of amorphous solids in two dimensions, including frictional and frictionless granular media and numerical models of amorphous glass. Here we extend our theory to screening in three-dimensional amorphous solids and predict the existence of anomalous mechanics similar to the one observed in two-dimensional systems. We conclude by interpreting the mechanical response as the formation of nontopological distributed dipoles that have no analog in the crystalline defects literature. Having in mind that the onset of dipole screening is reminiscent of Kosterlitz-Thouless and hexatic transitions, the finding of dipole screening in three dimensions is surprising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Charan
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael Moshe
- Racah Institute of Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190, Israel
| | - Itamar Procaccia
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Center for Optical Imagery Analysis and Learning, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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10
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Bissinger T, Fuchs M. The BKT transition and its dynamics in a spin fluid. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:044902. [PMID: 36725527 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the effect of particle mobility on phase transitions in a spin fluid in two dimensions. The presence of a phase transition of the BKT universality class is shown in an off-lattice model of particles with purely repulsive interaction employing computer simulations. A critical spin wave region 0 < T < TBKT is found with a nonuniversal exponent η(T) that follows the shape suggested by BKT theory, including a critical value consistent with ηBKT = 1/4. One can observe a transition from power-law decay to exponential decay in the static correlation functions at the transition temperature TBKT, which is supported by finite-size scaling analysis. A critical temperature TBKT = 0.17(1) is suggested. Investigations into the dynamic aspects of the phase transition are carried out. The short-time behavior of the incoherent spin autocorrelation function agrees with the Nelson-Fisher prediction, whereas the long-time behavior differs from the finite-size scaling known for the static XY model. Analysis of coherent spin wave dynamics shows that the spin wave peak is a propagating mode that can be reasonably well fitted by hydrodynamic theory. The mobility of the particles strongly enhances damping of the spin waves, but the model still lies within the dynamic universality class of the standard XY model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bissinger
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Matthias Fuchs
- Fachbereich Physik, Universität Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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11
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Gama Goicochea A, Nussinov Z. Topological phase transition in a quasi-two-dimensional Coulomb gas. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:014104. [PMID: 36797910 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.014104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A system with an equal number of positive and negative charges confined in a box with a small but finite thickness is modeled as a function of temperature using mesoscale numerical simulations for various values of the charges. The Coulomb interaction is used in its three-dimensional form, U(r)∼1/r. A topological phase transition is found in this quasi-two-dimensional (2D) system. The translational order parameter, spatial correlation function, specific heat, and electric current show qualitatively different trends below and above a critical temperature. We find that a 2D logarithmic Coulomb interaction is not essential for the appearance of this transition. This work suggests new experimental tests of our predictions, as well as novel theoretical approaches to probe quasi-2D topological phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gama Goicochea
- División de Ingeniería Química y Bioquímica, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México 55210, Mexico
| | - Z Nussinov
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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12
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Liu XP, Yao XC, Li X, Wang YX, Huang CJ, Deng Y, Chen YA, Pan JW. Temperature-Dependent Decay of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Vortices across the BCS-BEC Crossover. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:163602. [PMID: 36306767 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.163602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We systematically study the decay of quasi-two-dimensional vortices in an oblate strongly interacting Fermi gas over a wide interaction range and observe that, as the system temperature is lowered, the vortex lifetime increases in the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) regime but decreases at unitarity and in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) regime. The observations can be qualitatively captured by a phenomenological model simply involving diffusion and two-body collisional loss, in which the vortex lifetime is mostly determined by the slower process of the two. In particular, the counterintuitive vortex decay in the BCS regime can be interpreted by considering the competition between the temperature dependence of the vortex annihilation rate and that of unpaired fermions. Our results suggest a competing mechanism for the complex vortex decay dynamics in the BCS-BEC crossover for the fermionic superfluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Pei Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xing-Can Yao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, AI Tower, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Chun-Jiong Huang
- Department of Physics and HKU-UCAS Joint Institute for Theoretical and Computational Physics at Hong Kong, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Youjin Deng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
- MinJiang Collaborative Center for Theoretical Physics, College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yu-Ao Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Science and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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13
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Abstract
Melting in two-dimensional flat space is typically two-step and via the hexatic phase. How melting proceeds on a curved surface, however, is not known. Topology mandates that crystalline particle assemblies on these surfaces harbor a finite density of defects, which itself can be ordered, like the icosahedral ordering of 5-coordinated disclination defects on a sphere. Thus, melting even on a sphere, the simplest closed surface, involves the loss of both crystalline and defect order. Probing the interplay of these two forms of order, however, requires a system in which melting can be performed in situ, and this has not been achieved hitherto. Here, by tuning interparticle interactions in situ, we report an observation of an intermediate hexatic phase during the melting of colloidal crystals on a sphere. Remarkably, we observed a precipitous drop in icosahedral defect order in the hexatic phase where the shear modulus is expected to vanish. Furthermore, unlike in flat space, where disorder can fundamentally alter the nature of the melting process, on the sphere, we observed the signature characteristics of ideal melting. Our findings have profound implications for understanding, for instance, the self-assembly and maturation dynamics of viral capsids and also phase transitions on curved surfaces.
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14
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Pattern Formation and Aggregation in Ensembles of Solitons in Quasi One-Dimensional Electronic Systems. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14050972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Broken symmetries of quasi one-dimensional electronic systems give rise to microscopic solitons taking roles of carriers of the charge or spin. The double degeneracy gives rise to solitons as kinks of the scalar order parameter A; the continuous degeneracy for the complex order parameter Aexp(iθ) gives rise to phase vortices, amplitudes solitons, and their combinations. These degrees of freedom can be controlled or accessed independently via either the spin polarization or the charge doping. The long-range ordering in dimensions above one imposes super-long-range confinement forces upon the solitons, leading to a sequence of phase transitions in their ensembles. The higher-temperature T transition enforces the confinement of solitons into topologically bound complexes: pairs of kinks or the amplitude solitons dressed by exotic half-integer vortices. At a second lower T transition, the solitons aggregate into rods of bi-kinks or into walls of amplitude solitons terminated by rings of half-integer vortices. With lowering T, the walls multiply, passing sequentially across the sample. Here, we summarize results of a numerical modeling for different symmetries, for charged and neutral soliton, in two and three dimensions. The efficient Monte Carlo algorithm, preserving the number of solitons, was employed which substantially facilitates the calculations, allowing to extend them to the three-dimensional case and to include the long-range Coulomb interactions.
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15
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Zaluzhnyy IA, Kurta R, Sprung M, Vartanyants IA, Ostrovskii BI. Angular structure factor of the hexatic-B liquid crystals: bridging theory and experiment. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:783-792. [PMID: 34935830 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01446c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report results of X-ray scattering studies of the angular structure factor of liquid crystal hexatic-B films. According to the sixfold rotational symmetry of the hexatic-B phase, its characteristic scattering splits into six reflections. The shape of the radial and angular cross-sections of these reflections and their temperature evolution are analyzed. We find that over a wide temperature range of the hexatic-B phase existence the angular profiles of the in-plane X-ray scattering are well fitted by the Voigt function, which is a convolution of the Gaussian and Lorentzian functions. This result is supported by the known theoretical considerations of the hexatic structure factor below the smectic-hexatic phase transition temperature. Similar predictions for the angular shape of the hexatic peak in the vicinity of the smectic-hexatic phase transition temperature follow from the multicritical scaling theory of the hexatic-B phase in three dimensions. We find that the specific shape of the hexatic structure factor can be explained by the interplay of two distinct contributions to the free energy of the system, a liquid-like density term and a coupling term between the bond-orientational order and short-range density fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Zaluzhnyy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ruslan Kurta
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, D-22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ivan A Vartanyants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe Shosse 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris I Ostrovskii
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii prospect 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Academician Ossipyan str. 2, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
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16
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Ramírez González JP, Cinacchi G. Phase behavior of hard circular arcs. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:054604. [PMID: 34942798 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.054604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
By using Monte Carlo numerical simulation, this work investigates the phase behavior of systems of hard infinitesimally thin circular arcs, from an aperture angle θ→0 to an aperture angle θ→2π, in the two-dimensional Euclidean space. Except in the isotropic phase at lower density and in the (quasi)nematic phase, in the other phases that form, including the isotropic phase at higher density, hard infinitesimally thin circular arcs autoassemble to form clusters. These clusters are either filamentous, for smaller values of θ, or roundish, for larger values of θ. Provided the density is sufficiently high, the filaments lengthen, merge, and straighten to finally produce a filamentary phase while the roundels compact and dispose themselves with their centers of mass at the sites of a triangular lattice to finally produce a cluster hexagonal phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pedro Ramírez González
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giorgio Cinacchi
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada (IFIMAC), Instituto de Ciencias de Materiales "Nicolás Cabrera", Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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17
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Angriman S, Cobelli PJ, Bourgoin M, Huisman SG, Volk R, Mininni PD. Broken Mirror Symmetry of Tracer's Trajectories in Turbulence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:254502. [PMID: 35029439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.254502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Topological properties of physical systems play a crucial role in our understanding of nature, yet their experimental determination remains elusive. We show that the mean helicity, a dynamical invariant in ideal flows, quantitatively affects trajectories of fluid elements: the linking number of Lagrangian trajectories depends on the mean helicity. Thus, a global topological invariant and a topological number of fluid trajectories become related, and we provide an empirical expression linking them. The relation shows the existence of long-term memory in the trajectories: the links can be made of the trajectory up to a given time, with particles positions in the past. This property also allows experimental measurements of mean helicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Angriman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, & IFIBA, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - P J Cobelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, & IFIBA, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
| | - M Bourgoin
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, 46 Allée d'Italie F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - S G Huisman
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck UT Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA+ Institute and J.M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - R Volk
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, 46 Allée d'Italie F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - P D Mininni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, & IFIBA, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires 1428, Argentina
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18
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Padilla LA, León-Islas AA, Funkhouser J, Armas-Pérez JC, Ramírez-Hernández A. Dynamics and phase behavior of two-dimensional size-asymmetric binary mixtures of core-softened colloids. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:214901. [PMID: 34879672 DOI: 10.1063/5.0067449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The self-assembly of binary colloidal mixtures provides a bottom-up approach to create novel functional materials. To elucidate the effect of composition, temperature, and pressure on the self-assembly behavior of size-asymmetric mixtures, we performed extensive dynamics simulations of a simple model of polymer-grafted colloids. We have used a core-softened interaction potential and extended it to represent attractive interactions between unlike colloids and repulsions between like colloids. Our study focused on size-asymmetric mixtures where the ratio between the sizes of the colloidal cores was fixed at σBσA=0.5. We have performed extensive simulations in the isothermal-isobaric and canonical (NVT) ensembles to elucidate the phase behavior and dynamics of mixtures with different stoichiometric ratios. Our simulation results uncovered a rich phase behavior, including the formation of hierarchical structures with many potential applications. For compositions where small colloids are the majority, sublattice melting occurs for a wide range of densities. Under these conditions, large colloids form a well-defined lattice, whereas small colloids can diffuse through the system. As the temperature is decreased, the small colloids localize, akin to a metal-insulator transition, with the small colloids playing a role similar to electrons. Our results are summarized in terms of phase diagrams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Padilla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Andres A León-Islas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Jesse Funkhouser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Julio C Armas-Pérez
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, Colonia Lomas del Campestre, CP 37150 León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Abelardo Ramírez-Hernández
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
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19
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Bastiaans KM, Chatzopoulos D, Ge JF, Cho D, Tromp WO, van Ruitenbeek JM, Fischer MH, de Visser PJ, Thoen DJ, Driessen EFC, Klapwijk TM, Allan MP. Direct evidence for Cooper pairing without a spectral gap in a disordered superconductor above Tc. Science 2021; 374:608-611. [PMID: 34709897 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen M Bastiaans
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Jian-Feng Ge
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Doohee Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Willem O Tromp
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | - Mark H Fischer
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pieter J de Visser
- SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, 2333 CA Leiden Netherlands
| | - David J Thoen
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, Netherlands
| | - Eduard F C Driessen
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Grenoble, 38400 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Teunis M Klapwijk
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands.,Institute of Topological Materials, Julius-Maximilian-Universität Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Milan P Allan
- Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, 2333 CA Leiden, Netherlands
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20
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Uriu K, Liao BK, Oates AC, Morelli LG. From local resynchronization to global pattern recovery in the zebrafish segmentation clock. eLife 2021; 10:61358. [PMID: 33587039 PMCID: PMC7984840 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrity of rhythmic spatial gene expression patterns in the vertebrate segmentation clock requires local synchronization between neighboring cells by Delta-Notch signaling and its inhibition causes defective segment boundaries. Whether deformation of the oscillating tissue complements local synchronization during patterning and segment formation is not understood. We combine theory and experiment to investigate this question in the zebrafish segmentation clock. We remove a Notch inhibitor, allowing resynchronization, and analyze embryonic segment recovery. We observe unexpected intermingling of normal and defective segments, and capture this with a new model combining coupled oscillators and tissue mechanics. Intermingled segments are explained in the theory by advection of persistent phase vortices of oscillators. Experimentally observed changes in recovery patterns are predicted in the theory by temporal changes in tissue length and cell advection pattern. Thus, segmental pattern recovery occurs at two length and time scales: rapid local synchronization between neighboring cells, and the slower transport of the resulting patterns across the tissue through morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Uriu
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Bo-Kai Liao
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew C Oates
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, United Kingdom.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Bioengineering, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis G Morelli
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA) - CONICET - Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Polo Científico Tecnológico, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Física, FCEyN UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Physiology, Department of Systemic Cell Biology, Dortmund, Germany
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21
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Abdullahi YZ, Ahmad S, Ibrahim AA. Effects of the Hubbard U correction on the electronic and magnetic properties of the tetragonal V 2P 2 sheet. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35061-35068. [PMID: 35493135 PMCID: PMC9043019 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07558f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent theoretical work predicted the orthorhombic phase of the V2P2 sheet with the half-metallic electronic property using a linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) basis set based on density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Zuntu Abdullahi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, P.M.B. 2339, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Department of Physics, College of Science, King Khalid University, P O Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Dawson RD, Rabinovich KS, Putzky D, Christiani G, Logvenov G, Keimer B, Boris AV. Approaching Two-Dimensional Superconductivity in Ultrathin DyBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-δ}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:237001. [PMID: 33337199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.237001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The temperature dependence of the superfluid density ρ_{s}(T) has been measured for a series of ultrathin MBE-grown DyBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-δ} superconducting (SC) films by submillimeter wave interferometry combined with time-domain terahertz spectroscopy and IR ellipsometry. We find that all films 10 u.c. and thicker show the same universal temperature dependence of ρ_{s}(T), which follows the critical behavior characteristic of single crystal YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{7-δ} as T approaches T_{c}. In 7 u.c. thick films, ρ_{s}(T) declines steeply upon approaching T_{c}, as expected for the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless vortex unbinding transition. Our analysis provides evidence for a sharply defined 4 u.c. non-SC interfacial layer, leaving a quasi-2D SC layer on top. We propose that the SC state in this interfacial layer is suppressed by competing (possibly charge) order.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Dawson
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K S Rabinovich
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D Putzky
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - G Christiani
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - G Logvenov
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Keimer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A V Boris
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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23
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Troncoso RE, Brataas A, Sudbø A. Fingerprints of Universal Spin-Stiffness Jump in Two-Dimensional Ferromagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:237204. [PMID: 33337217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.237204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by recent progress on synthesizing two-dimensional magnetic van der Waals systems, we propose a setup for detecting the topological Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition in spin-transport experiments on such structures. We demonstrate that the spatial correlations of injected spin currents into a pair of metallic leads can be used to measure the predicted universal jump of 2/π in the ferromagnet spin stiffness as well as its predicted universal square root dependence on temperature as the transition is approached from below. Our setup provides a simple route to measuring this topological phase transition in two-dimensional magnetic systems, something which up to now has proven elusive. It is hoped that this will encourage experimental efforts to investigate critical phenomena beyond the standard Ginzburg-Landau paradigm in low-dimensional magnetic systems with no local order parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto E Troncoso
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arne Brataas
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asle Sudbø
- Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Smalyukh II. Review: knots and other new topological effects in liquid crystals and colloids. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:106601. [PMID: 32721944 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/abaa39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Humankind has been obsessed with knots in religion, culture and daily life for millennia, while physicists like Gauss, Kelvin and Maxwell already involved them in models centuries ago. Nowadays, colloidal particles can be fabricated to have shapes of knots and links with arbitrary complexity. In liquid crystals, closed loops of singular vortex lines can be knotted by using colloidal particles and laser tweezers, as well as by confining nematic fluids into micrometer-sized droplets with complex topology. Knotted and linked colloidal particles induce knots and links of singular defects, which can be interlinked (or not) with colloidal particle knots, revealing the diversity of interactions between topologies of knotted fields and topologically nontrivial surfaces of colloidal objects. Even more diverse knotted structures emerge in nonsingular molecular alignment and magnetization fields in liquid crystals and colloidal ferromagnets. The topological solitons include hopfions, skyrmions, heliknotons, torons and other spatially localized continuous structures, which are classified based on homotopy theory, characterized by integer-valued topological invariants and often contain knotted or linked preimages, nonsingular regions of space corresponding to single points of the order parameter space. A zoo of topological solitons in liquid crystals, colloids and ferromagnets promises new breeds of information displays and a plethora of data storage, electro-optic and photonic applications. Their particle-like collective dynamics echoes coherent motions in active matter, ranging from crowds of people to schools of fish. This review discusses the state of the art in the field, as well as highlights recent developments and open questions in physics of knotted soft matter. We systematically overview knotted field configurations, the allowed transformations between them, their physical stability and how one can use one form of knotted fields to model, create and imprint other forms. The large variety of symmetries accessible to liquid crystals and colloids offer insights into stability, transformation and emergent dynamics of fully nonsingular and singular knotted fields of fundamental and applied importance. The common thread of this review is the ability to experimentally visualize these knots in real space. The review concludes with a discussion of how the studies of knots in liquid crystals and colloids can offer insights into topologically related structures in other branches of physics, with answers to many open questions, as well as how these experimentally observable knots hold a strong potential for providing new inspirations to the mathematical knot theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics, Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering Program and Soft Materials Research Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States of America
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25
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Huang P, Schönenberger T, Cantoni M, Heinen L, Magrez A, Rosch A, Carbone F, Rønnow HM. Melting of a skyrmion lattice to a skyrmion liquid via a hexatic phase. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:761-767. [PMID: 32541944 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-0716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The phase transition most commonly observed is probably melting, a transition from ordered crystalline solids to disordered isotropic liquids. In three dimensions, melting is a single, first-order phase transition. In two-dimensional systems, however, theory predicts a general scenario of two continuous phase transitions separated by an intermediate, oriented liquid state, the so-called hexatic phase with short-range translational and quasi-long-range orientational orders. Such hexatic phases occur in colloidal systems, Wigner solids and liquid crystals, all composed of real-matter particles. In contrast, skyrmions are countable soliton configurations with non-trivial topology and these quasi-particles can form two-dimensional lattices. Here we show, by direct imaging with cryo-Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, that magnetic field variations can tune the phase of the skyrmion ensembles in Cu2OSeO3 from a two-dimensional solid through the long-speculated skyrmion hexatic phase to a liquid. The local spin order persists throughout the process. Remarkably, our quantitative analysis demonstrates that the aforementioned topological-defect-induced crystal melting scenario well describes the observed phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Schönenberger
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Cantoni
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Microscopie Électronique (CIME), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Heinen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Arnaud Magrez
- Crystal Growth Facility, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Achim Rosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, Köln, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Carbone
- Laboratory for Ultrafast Microscopy and Electron Scattering (LUMES), Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henrik M Rønnow
- Laboratory for Quantum Magnetism (LQM), Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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26
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Yamamoto D, Suzuki C, Marmorini G, Okazaki S, Furukawa N. Quantum and Thermal Phase Transitions of the Triangular SU(3) Heisenberg Model under Magnetic Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:057204. [PMID: 32794836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.057204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the quantum and thermal phase transition phenomena of the SU(3) Heisenberg model on triangular lattice in the presence of magnetic fields. Performing a scaling analysis on large-size cluster mean-field calculations endowed with a density-matrix renormalization-group solver, we reveal the quantum phases selected by quantum fluctuations from the massively degenerate classical ground-state manifold. The magnetization process up to saturation reflects three different magnetic phases. The low- and high-field phases have strong nematic nature, and especially the latter is found only via a nontrivial reconstruction of symmetry generators from the standard spin and quadrupolar description. We also perform a semiclassical Monte Carlo simulation to show that thermal fluctuations prefer the same three phases as well. Moreover, we find that exotic topological phase transitions driven by the binding-unbinding of fractional (half-)vortices take place, due to the nematicity of the low- and high-field phases. Possible experimental realization with alkaline-earth-like cold atoms is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Chihiro Suzuki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Giacomo Marmorini
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Sho Okazaki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Nobuo Furukawa
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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27
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Tsiok EN, Gaiduk EA, Fomin YD, Ryzhov VN. Melting scenarios of two-dimensional Hertzian spheres with a single triangular lattice. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3962-3972. [PMID: 32249869 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02262g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a molecular dynamics simulation study of the phase diagram and melting scenarios of two-dimensional Hertzian spheres with exponent 7/2. We have found multiple re-entrant melting of a single crystal with a triangular lattice in a wide range of densities from 0.5 to 10.0. Depending on the position on the phase diagram, the triangular crystal has been shown to melt through both two-stage melting with a first-order hexatic-isotropic liquid transition and a continuous solid-hexatic transition as well as in accordance with the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young (BKTHNY) scenario (two continuous transitions with an intermediate hexatic phase). We studied the behavior of heat capacity and have shown that despite two-stage melting, the heat capacity has one peak which seems to correspond to a solid-hexatic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Tsiok
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Moscow, Russia.
| | - E A Gaiduk
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu D Fomin
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Moscow, Russia. and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - V N Ryzhov
- Vereshchagin Institute of High Pressure Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Troitsk 108840, Moscow, Russia.
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28
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Mandal BK, Mishra P. Pair correlation function and freezing transitions in a two-dimensional system of model ultrasoft colloids. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1706774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Angular X-Ray Cross-Correlation Analysis (AXCCA): Basic Concepts and Recent Applications to Soft Matter and Nanomaterials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12213464. [PMID: 31652689 PMCID: PMC6862311 DOI: 10.3390/ma12213464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Angular X-ray cross-correlation analysis (AXCCA) is a technique which allows quantitative measurement of the angular anisotropy of X-ray diffraction patterns and provides insights into the orientational order in the system under investigation. This method is based on the evaluation of the angular cross-correlation function of the scattered intensity distribution on a two-dimensional (2D) detector and further averaging over many diffraction patterns for enhancement of the anisotropic signal. Over the last decade, AXCCA was successfully used to study the anisotropy in various soft matter systems, such as solutions of anisotropic particles, liquid crystals, colloidal crystals, superlattices composed by nanoparticles, etc. This review provides an introduction to the technique and gives a survey of the recent experimental work in which AXCCA in combination with micro- or nanofocused X-ray microscopy was used to study the orientational order in various soft matter systems.
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30
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Lebovka NI, Vygornitskii NV, Tarasevich YY. Relaxation in two-dimensional suspensions of rods as driven by Brownian diffusion. Phys Rev E 2019; 100:042139. [PMID: 31770898 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.100.042139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Relaxation in a two-dimensional suspensions containing rods was studied by using dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. An off-lattice model with continuous positional and orientational degrees of freedom was considered. The initial state was produced by using a random sequential adsorption model. During the relaxation, the rods underwent translational and rotational Brownian motions. The simulations were run at different values of number density ρ (the number of rods per unit area) and of the initial orientation order parameter S_{i}. The rods were assumed to have core-shell structures. The evolutions of both the connectivity and the order parameter have revealed different relaxation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai I Lebovka
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Disperse Minerals, F. D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
- Department of Physics, Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Kyiv, 01033, Ukraine
| | - Nikolai V Vygornitskii
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Disperse Minerals, F. D. Ovcharenko Institute of Biocolloidal Chemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03142, Ukraine
| | - Yuri Yu Tarasevich
- Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling, Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, 414056, Russia
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31
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Moca CP, Chirla R, Dóra B, Zaránd G. Quantum Criticality and Formation of a Singular Fermi Liquid in the Attractive SU(N>2) Anderson Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:136803. [PMID: 31697511 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.136803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While much is known about repulsive quantum impurity models, significantly less attention has been devoted to their attractive counterparts. This motivated us to study the attractive SU(N) Anderson impurity model. While for the repulsive case the phase diagram features mild N dependence and the ground state is always a Fermi liquid, in the attractive case a Kosterlitz-Thouless charge localization phase transition is revealed for N>2. Beyond a critical value of attractive interaction, an abrupt jump appears in the number of particles at the impurity site, and a singular Fermi liquid state emerges, where the scattering of quasiparticles is found to exhibit power law behavior with fractional power. The capacity diverges exponentially at the quantum critical point, signaling the Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cătălin Paşcu Moca
- BME-MTA Exotic Quantum Phases Research Group, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Physics, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Razvan Chirla
- Department of Physics, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Balázs Dóra
- Department of Theoretical Physics and MTA-BME Lendület Topology and Correlation Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Zaránd
- BME-MTA Exotic Quantum Phases Research Group, Institute of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Bighin G, Defenu N, Nándori I, Salasnich L, Trombettoni A. Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless Paired Phase in Coupled XY Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:100601. [PMID: 31573277 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the effect of a linear tunneling coupling between two-dimensional systems, each separately exhibiting the topological Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition. In the uncoupled limit, there are two phases: one where the one-body correlation functions are algebraically decaying and the other with exponential decay. When the linear coupling is turned on, a third BKT-paired phase emerges, in which one-body correlations are exponentially decaying, while two-body correlation functions exhibit power-law decay. We perform numerical simulations in the paradigmatic case of two coupled XY models at finite temperature, finding evidences that for any finite value of the interlayer coupling, the BKT-paired phase is present. We provide a picture of the phase diagram using a renormalization group approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Bighin
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Nicolò Defenu
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - István Nándori
- MTA-DE Particle Physics Research Group, P.O.Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA Atomki, P.O.Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
- University of Debrecen, P.O.Box 105, H-4010 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Luca Salasnich
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Galileo Galilei," Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica (INO) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Sezione di Sesto Fiorentino, Via Nello Carrara 2, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Andrea Trombettoni
- CNR-IOM DEMOCRITOS Simulation Center, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
- SISSA and INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
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33
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Wang W, Díaz-Méndez R, Wallin M, Lidmar J, Babaev E. Melting of a two-dimensional monodisperse cluster crystal to a cluster liquid. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:042140. [PMID: 31108717 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.042140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse ensembles of particles that have cluster crystalline phases at low temperatures can model a number of physical systems, such as vortices in type-1.5 superconductors, colloidal suspensions, and cold atoms. In this work, we study a two-dimensional cluster-forming particle system interacting via an ultrasoft potential. We present a simple mean-field characterization of the cluster-crystal ground state, corroborating with Monte Carlo simulations for a wide range of densities. The efficiency of several Monte Carlo algorithms is compared, and the challenges of thermal equilibrium sampling are identified. We demonstrate that the liquid to cluster-crystal phase transition is of first order and occurs in a single step, and the liquid phase is a cluster liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Rogelio Díaz-Méndez
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Mats Wallin
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Jack Lidmar
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Egor Babaev
- Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
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34
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Casiulis M, Tarzia M, Cugliandolo LF, Dauchot O. Ferromagnetism-induced phase separation in a two-dimensional spin fluid. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:154501. [PMID: 31005076 DOI: 10.1063/1.5064590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the liquid-gas phase separation observed in a system of repulsive particles dressed with ferromagnetically aligning spins, a so-called "spin fluid." Microcanonical ensemble numerical simulations of finite-size systems reveal that magnetization sets in and induces a liquid-gas phase separation between a disordered gas and a ferromagnetic dense phase at low enough energies and large enough densities. The dynamics after a quench into the coexistence region show that the order parameter associated with the liquid-vapor phase separation follows an algebraic law with an unusual exponent, as it is forced to synchronize with the growth of the magnetization: this suggests that for finite size systems the magnetization sets in along a Curie line, which is also the gas-side spinodal line, and that the coexistence region ends at a tricritical point. This picture is confirmed at the mean-field level with different approximation schemes, namely, a Bethe lattice resolution and a virial expansion complemented by the introduction of a self-consistent Weiss-like molecular field. However, a detailed finite-size scaling analysis shows that in two dimensions the ferromagnetic phase escapes the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless scenario and that the long-range order is not destroyed by the unbinding of topological defects. The Curie line thus becomes a magnetic crossover in the thermodynamic limit. Finally, the effects of the magnetic interaction range and those of the interaction softness are characterized within a mean-field semianalytical low-density approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Casiulis
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marco Tarzia
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR 7600, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Leticia F Cugliandolo
- Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Hautes Énergies, CNRS UMR 7589, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Dauchot
- PSL Research University, Laboratoire Gulliver, CNRS UMR 7083, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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35
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Azizi I, Rabin Y. Identity ordering and metastable clusters in fluids with random interactions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:134502. [PMID: 30954053 DOI: 10.1063/1.5083218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We use Langevin dynamics simulations to study dense two-dimensional systems of particles where all binary interactions are different in the sense that each interaction parameter is characterized by a randomly chosen number. We compare two systems that differ by the probability distributions from which the interaction parameters are drawn: uniform (U) and exponential (E). Both systems undergo neighborhood identity ordering and form metastable clusters in the fluid phase near the liquid-solid transition, but the effects are much stronger in E than in U systems. Possible implications of our results for the control of the structure of multicomponent alloys are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Azizi
- Department of Physics, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yitzhak Rabin
- Department of Physics, Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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36
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Estellés-Duart F, Ortuño M, Somoza AM, Vinokur VM, Gurevich A. Current-driven production of vortex-antivortex pairs in planar Josephson junction arrays and phase cracks in long-range order. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15460. [PMID: 30337558 PMCID: PMC6193993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation of topological defects like vortices and dislocations plays a key role in the physics of systems with long-range order, particularly, superconductivity and superfluidity in thin films, plasticity of solids, and melting of atomic monolayers. Topological defects are characterized by their topological charge reflecting fundamental symmetries and conservation laws of the system. Conservation of topological charge manifests itself in extreme stability of static topological defects because destruction of a single defect requires overcoming a huge energy barrier proportional to the system size. However, the stability of driven topological defects remains largely unexplored. Here we address this issue and investigate numerically a dynamic instability of moving vortices in planar arrays of Josephson junctions. We show that a single vortex driven by sufficiently strong current becomes unstable and destroys superconductivity by triggering a chain reaction of self-replicating vortex-antivortex pairs forming linear of branching expanding patterns. This process can be described in terms of propagating phase cracks in long-range order with far-reaching implications for dynamic systems of interacting spins and atoms hosting magnetic vortices and dislocations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Ortuño
- Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Física-CIOyN, Murcia, 30071, Spain
| | - Andrés M Somoza
- Universidad de Murcia, Departamento de Física-CIOyN, Murcia, 30071, Spain
| | - Valerii M Vinokur
- Argonne National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Univeristy of Chicago, Computation Institute, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alex Gurevich
- Old Dominion University, Department of Physics, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
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37
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Fomin YD, Gaiduk EA, Tsiok EN, Ryzhov VN. The phase diagram and melting scenarios of two-dimensional Hertzian spheres. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1464676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu. D. Fomin
- Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. A. Gaiduk
- Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. N. Tsiok
- Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - V. N. Ryzhov
- Institute for High Pressure Physics RAS, Moscow, Russia
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38
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Kryuchkov NP, Yurchenko SO, Fomin YD, Tsiok EN, Ryzhov VN. Complex crystalline structures in a two-dimensional core-softened system. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2152-2162. [PMID: 29488995 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02429k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A transition from a square to a hexagonal lattice is studied in a 2D system of particles interacting via a core-softened potential. Due to the presence of two length scales of repulsion, different local configurations with four, five, and six neighbors are possible, leading to the formation of complex crystals. The previously proposed interpolation method is generalized to calculate pair correlations in crystals whose unit cell consists of more than one particle. The high efficiency of the method is illustrated using a snub square lattice as a representative example. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the snub square lattice is broken upon heating, generating a high-density quasicrystalline phase with 12-fold symmetry (HD12 phase). A simple theoretical model is proposed to explain the physical mechanism responsible for this phenomenon: with an increase in the density (from square to hexagonal phases), the concentrations of different local configurations randomly realized through a plane tiling change, which minimizes the energy of the system. The calculated phase diagram in the intermediate density range justifies the existence of the HD12 phase and demonstrates a cascade of first-order transitions "square - HD12 - hexagonal" solid phases with increasing density. The results allow us to better understand the physical mechanisms responsible for the formation of quasicrystals, and, therefore, should be of interest for broad community in materials science and soft matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita P Kryuchkov
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya Street 5, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
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39
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Shiba H, Keim P, Kawasaki T. Isolating long-wavelength fluctuation from structural relaxation in two-dimensional glass: cage-relative displacement. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:094004. [PMID: 29345245 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aaa8b8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been revealed that long-wavelength fluctuation exists in two-dimensional (2D) glassy systems, having the same origin as that given by the Mermin-Wagner theorem for 2D crystalline solids. In this paper, we discuss how to characterise quantitatively the long-wavelength fluctuation in a molecular dynamics simulation of a lightly supercooled liquid. We employ the cage-relative mean-square displacement (MSD), defined on relative displacement to its cage, to quantitatively separate the long-wavelength fluctuation from the original MSD. For increasing system size the amplitude of acoustic long wavelength fluctuations not only increases but shifts to later times causing a crossover with structural relaxation of caging particles. We further analyse the dynamic correlation length using the cage-relative quantities. It grows as the structural relaxation becomes slower with decreasing temperature, uncovering an overestimation by the four-point correlation function due to the long-wavelength fluctuation. These findings motivate the usage of cage-relative MSD as a starting point for analysis of 2D glassy dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Shiba
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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40
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De Sanctis A, Mehew JD, Alkhalifa S, Tate CP, White A, Woodgate AR, Craciun MF, Russo S. Novel circuit design for high-impedance and non-local electrical measurements of two-dimensional materials. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:024705. [PMID: 29495834 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials offer a novel platform for the development of future quantum technologies. However, the electrical characterisation of topological insulating states, non-local resistance, and bandgap tuning in atomically thin materials can be strongly affected by spurious signals arising from the measuring electronics. Common-mode voltages, dielectric leakage in the coaxial cables, and the limited input impedance of alternate-current amplifiers can mask the true nature of such high-impedance states. Here, we present an optical isolator circuit which grants access to such states by electrically decoupling the current-injection from the voltage-sensing circuitry. We benchmark our apparatus against two state-of-the-art measurements: the non-local resistance of a graphene Hall bar and the transfer characteristic of a WS2 field-effect transistor. Our system allows the quick characterisation of novel insulating states in two-dimensional materials with potential applications in future quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo De Sanctis
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Jake D Mehew
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Saad Alkhalifa
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Callum P Tate
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley White
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Adam R Woodgate
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Monica F Craciun
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Saverio Russo
- Centre for Graphene Science, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
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41
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Russo J, Wilding NB. Disappearance of the Hexatic Phase in a Binary Mixture of Hard Disks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:115702. [PMID: 28949239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.115702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies of melting in hard disks have confirmed the existence of a hexatic phase occurring in a narrow window of density which is separated from the isotropic liquid phase by a first-order transition, and from the solid phase by a continuous transition. However, little is known concerning the melting scenario in mixtures of hard disks. Here we employ tailored Monte Carlo simulations to elucidate the phase behavior of a system of large (l) and small (s) disks with diameter ratio σ_{l}/σ_{s}=1.4. We find that as small disks are introduced to a system of large ones, the stability window of the hexatic phase shrinks progressively until the line of continuous transitions terminates at an end point beyond which melting becomes a first-order liquid-solid transition. This occurs at surprisingly low concentrations of the small disks, c≲1%, emphasizing the fragility of the hexatic phase. We speculate that the change to the melting scenario is a consequence of strong fractionation effects, the nature of which we elucidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Russo
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TW, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel B Wilding
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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42
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Cardano F, D’Errico A, Dauphin A, Maffei M, Piccirillo B, de Lisio C, De Filippis G, Cataudella V, Santamato E, Marrucci L, Lewenstein M, Massignan P. Detection of Zak phases and topological invariants in a chiral quantum walk of twisted photons. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15516. [PMID: 28569741 PMCID: PMC5501976 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Topological insulators are fascinating states of matter exhibiting protected edge states and robust quantized features in their bulk. Here we propose and validate experimentally a method to detect topological properties in the bulk of one-dimensional chiral systems. We first introduce the mean chiral displacement, an observable that rapidly approaches a value proportional to the Zak phase during the free evolution of the system. Then we measure the Zak phase in a photonic quantum walk of twisted photons, by observing the mean chiral displacement in its bulk. Next, we measure the Zak phase in an alternative, inequivalent timeframe and combine the two windings to characterize the full phase diagram of this Floquet system. Finally, we prove the robustness of the measure by introducing dynamical disorder in the system. This detection method is extremely general and readily applicable to all present one-dimensional platforms simulating static or Floquet chiral systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cardano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Alessio D’Errico
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Alexandre Dauphin
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, Castelldefels 08860, Spain
| | - Maria Maffei
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, Castelldefels 08860, Spain
| | - Bruno Piccirillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Corrado de Lisio
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Giulio De Filippis
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Vittorio Cataudella
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Enrico Santamato
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
- CNR-SPIN, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cintia, Napoli 80126, Italy
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Science and Intelligent Systems, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli (NA) 80078, Italy
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, Castelldefels 08860, Spain
- ICREA—Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona E-08010, Spain
| | - Pietro Massignan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, Castelldefels 08860, Spain
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43
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Enderby J. Journal of Physics: Celebrating 50 years of serving physics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:140201. [PMID: 28263946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa5933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John Enderby
- HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TH, United Kingdom
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44
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Zhu Y, Wang F, Wu H. Superheating of monolayer ice in graphene nanocapillaries. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:134703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4979478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - FengChao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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