1
|
Bačová P, Li W, Behbahani AF, Burkhart C, Polińska P, Doxastakis M, Harmandaris V. Coupling between Polymer Conformations and Dynamics Near Amorphous Silica Surfaces: A Direct Insight from Atomistic Simulations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2075. [PMID: 34443909 PMCID: PMC8401719 DOI: 10.3390/nano11082075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The dynamics of polymer chains in the polymer/solid interphase region have been a point of debate in recent years. Its understanding is the first step towards the description and the prediction of the properties of a wide family of commercially used polymeric-based nanostructured materials. Here, we present a detailed investigation of the conformational and dynamical features of unentangled and mildly entangled cis-1,4-polybutadiene melts in the vicinity of amorphous silica surface via atomistic simulations. Accounting for the roughness of the surface, we analyze the properties of the polymer chains as a function of their distance from the silica slab, their conformations and the chain molecular weight. Unlike the case of perfectly flat and homogeneous surfaces, the monomeric translational motion parallel to the surface was affected by the presence of the silica slab up to distances comparable with the extension of the density fluctuations. In addition, the intramolecular dynamical heterogeneities in adsorbed chains were revealed by linking the conformations and the structure of the adsorbed chains with their dynamical properties. Strong dynamical heterogeneities within the adsorbed layer are found, with the chains possessing longer sequences of adsorbed segments ("trains") exhibiting slower dynamics than the adsorbed chains with short ones. Our results suggest that, apart from the density-dynamics correlation, the configurational entropy plays an important role in the dynamical response of the polymers confined between the silica slabs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Bačová
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (W.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Alireza F. Behbahani
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Craig Burkhart
- The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, OH 44305, USA;
| | | | - Manolis Doxastakis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (W.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Vagelis Harmandaris
- Institute of Applied and Computational Mathematics (IACM), Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (FORTH), GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Computation-Based Science and Technology Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, 20 Constantinou Kavafi Str., Nicosia 2121, Cyprus
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Crete, GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Napolitano S. Irreversible adsorption of polymer melts and nanoconfinement effects. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5348-5365. [PMID: 32419002 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For almost a decade, growing experimental evidence has revealed a strong correlation between the properties of nanoconfined polymers and the number of chains irreversibly adsorbed onto nonrepulsive interfaces, e.g. the supporting substrate of thin polymer coatings, or nanofillers dispersed in polymer melts. Based on such a correlation, it has already been possible to tailor structural and dynamics properties - such as the glass transition temperature, the crystallization rate, the thermal expansion coefficients, the viscosity and the wettability - of nanomaterials by controlling the adsorption kinetics. This evidence indicates that irreversible adsorption affects nanoconfinement effects. More recently, also the opposite phenomenon was experimentally observed: nanoconfinement alters interfacial interactions and, consequently, also the number of chains adsorbed in equilibrium conditions. In this review we discuss this intriguing interplay between irreversible adsorption and nanoconfinement effects in ultrathin polymer films. After introducing the methods currently used to prepare adsorbed layers and to measure the number of irreversibly adsorbed chains, we analyze the models employed to describe the kinetics of adsorption in polymer melts. We then discuss the structure of adsorbed polymer layers, focusing on the complex macromolecular architecture of interfacial chains and on their thermal expansion; we examine the way in which the structure of the adsorbed layer affects the thermal glass transition temperature, vitrification, and crystallization. By analyzing segmental dynamics of 1D confined systems, we describe experiments to track the changes in density during adsorption. We conclude this review with an analysis of the impact of nanoconfinement on adsorption, and a perspective on future work where we also address the key ideas of irreversibility, equilibration and long-range interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Panagopoulou A, Rodríguez-Tinoco C, White RP, Lipson JEG, Napolitano S. Substrate Roughness Speeds Up Segmental Dynamics of Thin Polymer Films. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:027802. [PMID: 32004047 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.027802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that the segmental mobility of thin films of poly(4-chlorostyrene) prepared under nonequilibrium conditions gets enhanced in the proximity of rough substrates. This trend is in contrast to existing treatments of roughness which conclude it is a source of slower dynamics, and to measurements of thin films of poly(2-vinylpiridine), whose dynamics is roughness invariant. Our experimental evidence indicates the faster interfacial dynamics originate from a reduction in interfacial density, due to the noncomplete filling of substrate asperities. Importantly, our results agree with the same scaling that describes the density dependence of bulk materials, correlating segmental mobility to a term exponential in the specific volume, and with empirical relations linking an increase in glass transition temperature to larger interfacial energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Cristian Rodríguez-Tinoco
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Ronald P White
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Jane E G Lipson
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li W, Carrillo JMY, Katsaras J, Sumpter BG, Ashkar R, Kumar R. The influence of curvature on domain distribution in binary mixture membranes. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:6642-6649. [PMID: 31328764 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Curvature-induced domain sorting, a strategy exploited by cells to organize membrane components, is a promising mechanism to control self-assembly of materials. To understand this phenomenon, this work explores the effects of curvature on component rearrangement in thin polymer films and lipid bilayers supported on sinusoidal substrates. Specifically, self-consistent field theory (SCFT) was used to study the spatial distribution of polymers in blends containing conformationally asymmetric chains. In addition, coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to probe the arrangement of rigid lipid domains in a relatively soft lipid matrix. Besides the expected preference of rigid species localizing in regions with low mean curvature, both systems exhibit unexpected localization of rigid components in comparatively high curvature regions. The origins of this unexpected sorting are discussed in terms of entropic and enthalpic contributions. In summary, this study demonstrates that domain distribution strongly depends on local topography and further highlights the collective effects that thermodynamic forces have on the morphological behavior of membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Griffin MF, Palgrave RG, Seifalian AM, Butler PE, Kalaskar DM. Enhancing tissue integration and angiogenesis of a novel nanocomposite polymer using plasma surface polymerisation, an in vitro and in vivo study. Biomater Sci 2017; 4:145-58. [PMID: 26474453 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00265f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Current surgical reconstruction of facial defects including nose or ear involves harvesting patient's own autologous tissue, causing donor site morbidity and is limited by tissue availability. The use of alternative synthetic materials is also limited due to complications related to poor tissue integration and angiogenesis, which lead to extrusion of implants and infection. We intend to meet this clinical challenge by using a novel nanocomposite called polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane poly(carbonate-urea)urethane (POSS-PCU), which has already been successfully taken to the clinical bench-side as a replacement for trachea, tear duct and vascular by-pass graft. In this study, we aimed to enhance tissue integration and angiogenesis of POSS-PCU using an established surface treatment technique, plasma surface polymerisation (PSP), functionalising the surface using NH2 and COOH chemical groups. Physical characterisation of scaffolds was achieved by using a number of techniques, including water contact angle, SEM, AFM and XPS to study the effects of PSM modification on the POSS-PCU nanocomposite in detail, which has not been previously documented. Wettability evaluation confirmed that scaffolds become hydrophilic and AFM analysis confirmed that nano topographical alterations resulted as a consequence of PSP treatment. Chemical functionalisation was confirmed using XPS, which suggested the presence of NH2 and COOH functional groups on the scaffolds. The modified scaffolds were then tested both in vitro and in vivo to investigate the potential of PSP modified POSS-PCU scaffolds on tissue integration and angiogenesis. In vitro analysis confirmed that PSM modification resulted in higher cellular growth, proliferation and ECM production as assessed by biochemical assays and immunofluorescence. Subcutaneous implantation of modified POSS-PCU scaffolds was then carried out over 12-weeks, resulting in enhanced tissue integration and angiogenesis (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates a simple and cost effective surface modification method to overcome the current challenge of implant extrusion and infection caused by poor integration and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle F Griffin
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Robert G Palgrave
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Alexander M Seifalian
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Peter E Butler
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK. and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, London, UK
| | - Deepak M Kalaskar
- Centre for Nanotechnology & Regenerative Medicine, UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chervanyov AI, Heinrich G. Analytic theory of the interactions between nanocolloids mediated by reversibly adsorbed polymers. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:031801. [PMID: 23030932 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.031801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We develop an analytic theory of the polymer mediated interactions between nanocolloids reversibly adsorbing the excluded volume polymers. This theory describes the limit of the weak adsorption where the correlation length ξ of the polymer system is much smaller than the characteristic adsorption length (colloid absorbance) α. By making use of the developed theory, we calculate the colloid immersion energy and the potential of the polymer mediated interactions as functions of the colloid radius R, the absorbance α, and the polymer volume fraction φ(P).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A I Chervanyov
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen JZY. Model of a polymer chain adsorbed to a soft membrane surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:060801. [PMID: 21230637 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.060801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the system consisting of a self-avoiding polymer chain attracted to the surface of a freely supported soft membrane surface by a short-ranged force is investigated. The adhesion of the polymer to the deformed surface can produce distinctive states such as pancake, pinch, and bud, dependent on the phenomenological parameters in the Helfrich model describing the membrane as well as an adsorption energy describing the attraction between a monomer and a membrane surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Z Y Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang T, Zou XX, Zhang SJ, Yang W, Yang MB. Effect of entropy penalty on selective distribution of aluminum borate whiskers in isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) blends. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
10
|
Yanagioka M, Toney MF, Frank CW. Influence of Interfacial Layer Between Nanoparticles and Polymeric Matrix on Viscoelastic Properties of Hydrogel Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802152s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Yanagioka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305,and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Michael F. Toney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305,and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025
| | - Curtis W. Frank
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305,and Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chervanyov AI, Heinrich G. Polymer adsorption in finite range surface potentials: Planar and spherical adsorbing surfaces. J Chem Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3216922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
12
|
Hoda N, Kumar S. Theory of polyelectrolyte adsorption onto surfaces patterned with charge and topography. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:124907. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2835607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
13
|
Hoda N, Kumar S. Brownian dynamics simulations of polyelectrolyte adsorption onto topographically patterned surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:11747-11760. [PMID: 17935360 DOI: 10.1021/la701356a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of patterned surface topography on the adsorption of single polyelectrolyte molecules is explored using Brownian dynamics simulations. The polyelectrolyte is modeled as a free-draining, freely jointed bead-rod chain, and electrostatic interactions are incorporated using a screened Coulombic potential with excluded volume interactions accounted for by the repulsive part of a Lennard-Jones potential. Topography consisting of periodically spaced valleys of square cross section separated by flat hills is considered. Chain conformations are characterized for a wide range of valley widths, depths, and spacings as well as for several different types of surface charge distributions. Depending on the parameter values describing the topography, the chains are found to adopt conformations ranging from flat and extended to those associated with bridge-, brush-, or semi-bridge-like structures. The formation of these structures is rationalized on the basis of a free-energy model that takes into account the increase in free energy due to entropic confinement, excluded volume interactions, and chain stretching as well as the decrease in free energy due to bead-surface electrostatic attraction. The results of this work are expected to be useful in designing patterned surface topography to control the conformations of adsorbed polyelectrolyte molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Hoda
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Polymer-coated adsorbents for the separation of biopolymers and particles. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-55109-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
|
16
|
Sung W, Sung J, Lee S. Effect of surface undulation on polymer adsorption. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2005; 71:031805. [PMID: 15903452 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.71.031805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the adsorption of a long, flexible polymer (ideal or self-avoiding chain) interacting with a rough surface via a finite-range attraction. Within the Edwards equation approach, we develop a variational method to find the segmental distribution and the free energy of an adsorbed chain. As adsorption becomes strong, the segments tend to be localized within the valleys rather than above the hills of the undulating surface, resulting in a decrease of adsorption thickness. Consequently, the surface undulation enhances adsorption in the case of a strongly adsorbed chain whereas the undulation suppresses it for a weakly adsorbed one, since the enhanced entropic repulsion is dominant over the attraction from the surface. Considering the surface with undulation characterized by a Gaussian correlation as an example, we find an optimal correlation length at which the adsorption becomes the strongest and a critical correlation length below which desorption is induced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wokyung Sung
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nowicki W. Structure and Entropy of a Long Polymer Chain in the Presence of Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010058d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Nowicki
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Chemistry, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang YW, Gupta VK. Effects of Physical Heterogeneity on the Adsorption of Poly(ethylene oxide) at a Solid−Liquid Interface. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001780z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Vinay K. Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gottstein W, Kreitmeier S, Wittkop M, Göritz D, Gotsis F. Monte Carlo simulations of the adsorption of a single polymer chain on rough surfaces. POLYMER 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
20
|
Eisenriegler E, Hanke A, Dietrich S. Polymers interacting with spherical and rodlike particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, PLASMAS, FLUIDS, AND RELATED INTERDISCIPLINARY TOPICS 1996; 54:1134-1152. [PMID: 9965182 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.54.1134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
21
|
von Goeler F, Muthukumar M. Adsorption of polyelectrolytes onto curved surfaces. J Chem Phys 1994. [DOI: 10.1063/1.466822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
22
|
Kant R, Rangarajan S. Effect of surface roughness on diffusion-limited charge transfer. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(93)03069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
23
|
Baumgärtner A, Muthukumar M. Effects of surface roughness on adsorbed polymers. J Chem Phys 1991. [DOI: 10.1063/1.460656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|